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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 



SURFACE WATER SUPPLY 



OF THE 



ii^. 



YUKON-TANAM REGION, ALASKA 



BY 

C. E. ELLSWORTH 

AND 

R. W. DAVENPORT 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1915 



M 



onofifranh 



DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director 



Water- Supply Paper 342 



/y 



SURFACE WATER SUPPLY ¥^l 



OF THE 



YUK0?(-™MA EEGIOli, ALASKA 



BY 

C. E. ELLSWORTH 

AND 

R. W. DAVENPORT 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1915 




^ 



Vv^ 



JUi< 8 1915 






vfi 

ii 

^ 



CONTENTS, 



Page. 

Preface, by Alfred H. Brooks 9 

Introduction H 

Scope of investigation 11 

Di\dsion of work and acknowledgments 12 

Publications I3 

General features of Yukon-Tanana region '. I7 

Geography 17 

Geology 17 

Climate 18 

General features 18 

Temperature 19 

Precipitation 23 

Vegetation 41 

Transportation 43 

Water-supply conditions and their economic effect 45 

Seasonal distribution 45 

Effect of topography 46 

Winter supply 46 

Winter glaciers 46 

Run-off 47 

Supply available for mining purposes 48 

Stream flow 49 

Terms used 49 

Convenient equivalents 50 

Field methods r 50 

Office methods 53 

Explanation of tables and use of data 54 

Accuracy of data 56 

Regular gaging stations 57 

Yukon River drainage basin 60 

Description 60 

Yukon River at Eagle 62 

Yukon River at Rampart 66 

Fiftymile River at W^hitehorse, Yukon Territory 67 

Fortymile River drainage basin 67 

Description 67 

Main stem of Fortymile River 68 

Description 68 

Dennison Fork at mouth 68 

South Fork of Fortymile River drainage basin 70 

Description 70 

South Fork at Franklin 70 

Fortymile River at Steel Creek 73 

3 



4 CONTENTS. 

Stream flow — Continued. 

Fortymile River drainage basin — Continued. 

South Fork of Fortymile River drainage basin — Continued. Page. 

Mosquito Fork at Kechumstuk 76 

Kechumstuk Creek at mouth 79 

Gold Creek at mouth 81 

Walker Fork above Poker Creek 82 

Walker Fork above Cherry Creek 83 

Walker Fork above Twelvemile Creek 84 

Wade Creek at claim "No. 10 above" 85 

Buckskin Creek above Fortyfive Pup 88 

Fortyfive Pup at claim No. 13 91 

Miscellaneous measurements 94 

North Fork of Fortymile River drainage basin 94 

Description 94 

North Fork of Fortymile River at the "kink " 95 

North Fork of Fortymile River above Middle Fork 97 

Confederate Creek at mouth 98 

Hutchinson Creek below Confederate Creek 98 

Hutchinson Creek below Montana Creek 100 

Montana Creek at claim "No. 7 above " 102 

Miscellaneous measurements 105 

Lower Fortymile River drainage basin 105 

Description 105 

King Solomon Creek at Liberty Cabin 106 

Liberty Fork at mouth 108 

Dome Creek at Auburn Mining Co. 's camp 109 

Steel Creek at mouth Ill 

Canyon Creek below Squaw Gulch 113 

Squaw Gulch at claim "No. 1 above" 116 

]\liscellaneous measurements • 119 

Mission Creek drainage basin 120 

Description 120 

Mission Creek above Oregon Creek 120 

Mission Creek above Colorado Creek 121 

Wolf Creek above Swanson's dam 121 

American Creek at claim "No. 8 above " 122 

American Creek at United States pumping plant 125 

Discovery Fork of American Creek below Star Gulch 127 

Miscellaneous measurements 131 

Seventymile River drainage basin 131 

Description 131 

Seventymile River above Flume Creek 132 

Seventymile River at the falls 134 

Flume Creek one-fom'th mile above mouth 137 

Alder Creek at claim "No. 7 above " 140 

Barney Creek above ditch intake 143 

Barney Creek ditch below the forks 144 

Sonickson Creek above ditch intake 145 

Washington Creek above dam 147 

Crooked Creek below Eldorado Creek 149 

Fox Creek at Rolf's claim 151 

Miscellaneous measurements 154 



CONTENTS. 5 

Stream flow — Continued. Page. 

Washington Creek drainage basin 154 

Birch Creek drainage basin 155 

Description 155 

Bii-ch Creek above Twelvemile Creek 156 

Birch Creek below Twelvemile Creek 157 

Birch Creek below Great Unknown Creek 159 

Birch Creek below Clums Fork 160 

Bii"ch Creek above Sheep Creek 162 

Birch Creek at Fourteenmile House 164 

Mastodon Fork of Eagle Creek above storage dam 169 

Fryingpan Creek below forks 170 

Great Unknown Creek at mouth 171 

• Clums Fork below Munson Creek 172 

Lawson Creek at mouth 173 

Buckley Bar Creek at mouth 174 

Sheep Creek at mouth 176 

Bachelor Creek below Costa Fork 178 

Miscellaneous measurements : 180 

Crooked Creek drainage basin 181 

Description 181 

Porcupine Creek above ditch intake 182 

Porcupine Creek below ditch intake 184 

Porcupine Creek below Bonanza Creek 185 

Crooked Creek at Central House 188 

Bonanza Creek above ditch intake 192 

Bonanza Creek below ditch intake 194 

Independence Creek at claim "No. 9 above " 195 

Mammoth Creek at Miller House 196 

Mammoth Creek diversion ditch 198 

Miller Creek at mouth 199 

Deadwood Creek above Switch Creek 200 

Portage Creek 4 miles above Medicine Lake 204 

Porcupine ditch at intake 205 

Bonanza ditch at intake 206 

Bonanza ditch below junction with Porcupine branch 209 

Bonanza ditch near outlet ' 210 

Miscellaneous measurements 212 

Beaver Creek drainage basin 212 

Description 212 

Nome Creek 4 miles above Moose Creek 213 

Nome Creek above Ophir Creek. . . , 214 

Miscellaneous measurements 217 

Hess Creek drainage basin 217 

Description 217 

Troublesome Creek below Quail Creek 218 

Quail Creek at claim "No. 7 above" 219 

Quail Creek at claim "No. 9 below " 221 

Miscellaneous measurements 222 

Minook Creek drainage basin 223 

Description 223 

Minook Creek above Little Minook Creek 225 

Hoosier Creek at claim "No. 11 above" 227 

Little Minook Creek at claim "No. 9 above" 229 



6 CONTENTS. 

Stream flow — Continued. 

Minook Creek drainage basin — Continued. Page. 

Hunter Creek at claim "No. 17 above" 232 

Mscellaneous measurements 233 

Squaw Creek 233 

Russian Creek 233 

Tanana Biver drainage basin 233 

Description 233 

Tanana River at McCartys 234 

Tanana River below Chena 234 

Banner Creek at mouth 235 

Miscellaneous measurements 237 

Salcha River drainage basin 238 

Description 238 

Salcha River at mouth ^ 238 

Junction Creek above Moose Lake outlet 240 

Chena River drainage basin 243 

Description 243 

Chena River above Shamrock Creek 244 

Chena River above Little Chena River 245 

North Fork of Chena River above Monument Creek 248 

North Fork of Chena River below Monument Creek 249 

Monument Creek at Chena Hot Springs 250 

Miscellaneous measurements 251 

Little Chena River drainage basin 251 

Description 251 

Little Chena River above Sorrels Creek ....*. 252 

Little Chena River below Fish Creek 255 

Sorrels Creek above Elliott Creek 257 

Elliott Creek near mouth 259 

Fish Creek below Solo Creek 261 

Fish Creek above Fairbanks Creek 264 

Fish Creek at mouth 266 

Miller Creek at mouth 268 

Miscellaneous measurements 270 

Tolovana River drainage basin 270 

Description 270 

West Fork of Tolovana River drainage basin 271 

Description 271 

Miscellaneous measurements 271 

Washington Creek drainage basin 272 

Description 272 

Washington Creek above Aggie Creek 272 

Washington Creek below Aggie Creek 273 

Aggie Creek at mouth 275 

Chatanika River drainage basin 276 

Description 276 

McManus Creek at mouth 277 

Chatanika River below Faith Creek 280 

Chatanika River below Poker Creek 285 

Chatanika ditch near outlet 291 

Smith Creek above Pool Creek 292 

Pool Creek at mouth 294 

Faith Creek at mouth 295 



CONTENTS. 7 

Stream flow — Continued. 

Tolovana River drainage basin — Continued. 

Chatanika River drainage basin — Continued. Page. 

Charity Creek above Homestake Creek 297 

Homestake Creek at mouth 299 

Kokomo Creek above Alder Creek 301 

Miscellaneous measurements 302 

Goldstream Creek drainage basin 303 

Description 303 

Goldstream Creek at claim "No. 6 below" 304 

Miscellaneous measurements 306 

Baker Creek drainage basin 306 

Description 306 

Baker Creek at road crossing 307 

New York Creek at ditch intake 308 

California Creek at ditch intake 310 

Thank^iving ditch near outlet 311 

California branch of Thanksgiving ditch near intake 313 

Mscellaneous measurements 314 

Eureka Creek drainage basin 315 

Description 315 

Pioneer Creek at What Cheer Bar ditch intake 315 

^Tiat Cheer Bar ditch near intake 317 

Miscellaneous measurements 318 

Hutlinana Creek drainage basin 319 

Description 319 

Hutlinana Creek near Cairo Creek 320 

Miscellaneous measurements 322 

Patterson Creek drainage basin 323 

Description 323 

Sullivan Creek above Tofty ditch intake 323 

Miscellaneous measurements 324 

Minimum discharge 325 

Water power 326 

General conditions 326 

Power sites 328 

Fortymile River basin 328 

Seventymile River basin 329 

Birch Creek basin 330 

Chatanika River basin 330 

Washington Creek 331 

Chena River basin 331 

Summary 331 

Hydraulic methods 332 

Conclusions 336 

Index 339 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page. 

Plate I. Map of Alaska, showing location of Yukon-Tanana region 16 

II. Map showing distribution of timber in Yukon-Tanana region 40 

III. A, Small Price current meters; B, Wading measurement 52 

IV. Key map showing approximate location of gaging stations 56 

V. A, Yukon River at Eagle; B, Fortymile River below Steel Creek 62 

VI. A, Typical topography, Mastodon Creek; B, Hydraulicking on 

Eagle Creek 63 

VII. A, Quail and Troublesome creeks; Wolverine Mountain in the 

distance; B, Little Minook Creek 218 

VIII. Hydrograph showing daily discharge in second-feet of Chatanika 

River below Poker Creek from 1907 to 1912 286 

IX. A, North Fork of Fortymile River at the ''kink " ; B, Falls on Seventy- 
mile River 328 

X. Reconnaissance map of the Fortymile quadrangle In pocket. 

XI. Reconnaissance map of the Circle quadrangle In pocket, 

XII. Reconnaissance map of the Fairbanks quadrangle In pocket, 

XIII . Reconnaissance map of the Rampart quadrangle In pocket. 

Figure 1. Index map showing location of quadrangles in Yukon-Tanana 

region 16 

2. Fluctuation of annual rainfall at Alaska stations 40 

3. Average mean monthly precipitation at seven Weather Bureau 

stations in the Yukon-Tanana region 40 

4. Discharge, area, and mean-velocity curves of Fortymile River at 

Steel Creek 55 

5. Cross section of Yukon River at measuring section at Eagle 62 

8 



PREFACE. 



By Alfred H. Brooks. 



The following report presents the results of six years of observa- 
tions on water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region. Unfortunately 
the records are very unequally distributed, both geographically and 
as to length of observations. Records of run-off have been obtained 
for six years at Fairbanks, for five years in the Birch Creek district, 
for three years in the Fortymile district, and for shorter periods in 
other districts. Moreover, although this report throws light on the 
water supply of the entire Yukon-Tanana region, yet large areas in 
this region have not been visited by the engineers who have carried 
on this investigation. It is believed, however, that the data pre- 
sented make it possible to estimate the run-off of streams which 
have not been gaged and will serve as a valuable guide to the 
hydrauHc engineer who is seeking a supply of water. It need hardly 
be added that such use of the report will not take the place of the 
careful measurement of water supply that must precede any exten- 
sive installations. Such use, however, should make this report of 
great value to the placer-mining industry of the region. 

Mr. Ellsworth and his associates deserve great credit for the results 
here achieved. Much of the work was carried on under great diffi- 
culties because of the unsettled condition of the region. The engi- 
neers have for the most part worked alone. Their investigations 
outside of the established mining camps have involved journeys 
which have put their physical endurance to severe tests and have 
involved considerable hardship. 

In view of the demands for surveys in other parts of Alaska it is 
necessary for the present to discontinue stream gaging in the Yukon- 
Tanana region. For this reason this summary report has been pre- 
pared in the hope that it will meet the more pressing demands for 
information about the water supply. It is hoped that before long 
money will be available to resume the work in some parts, at least, 
of the Yukon-Tanana region, for it is beheved that at least 10 years' 
observations should be obtained in every district where extensive use 
of water supply is likely to be made. 

9 



SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE YUKON-TANANA 
REGION, ALASKA, 1907 TO 1912. 



By C. E. Ellsworth and E,. W. Davenport. 



INTRODUCTION. 

SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION. 

A study of the surface water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region 
was begun in 1907 and was continued each season till the end of that 
of 1912. The essential part of the information thus obtained has been 
made available for general distribution as soon as practicable after 
the close of each field season through the medium of the annual report 
on the mineral resources of Alaska. A detailed report of the work 
of 1907 and 1908 was also published as Water-Supply Paper 228. 
Now that water-supply studies are to be discontinued indefinitely in 
this region it is desirable that all the data accumulated shall be 
brought together in one volume, with such additions and revisions 
as seem proper in the light of more complete knowledge. 

The points at which gaging stations have been maintained were 
determined largely by the location at which gage observers were 
available. Many streams on which records of daily discharge were 
highly desirable were so isolated as to be beyond reach with the small 
allotments available. Further, many stations could not be located 
at the most desirable points for obtaining accurate results or even 
with reference to the places at which information was most likely to 
be requested. The duration of the records (one year to six years) is 
insufficient to show the extreme limits of flow that should be expected. 
Notwithstanding all this, however, it is beheved that the records, if 
used with proper care and with due allowance for accuracy, duration, 
and location, will satisfy most of the needs of miners. It should 
be emphasized that before any extensive development is undertaken 
on any stream these records should be supplemented by a more 
detailed study of the particular water supply. 

11 



12 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN ANA REGION, ALASKA. 
DIVISION OF WORK AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

The hydrometric surveys, the results of which are published in this 
report, were carried on under the appropriation for the investigation 
of the mineral resources of Alaska by engineers detailed for this 
purpose from the water-resources branch of the United States Geo- 
logical Survey. The work has been under the general supervision of 
Alfred H. Brooks, geologist in charge of Alaskan work. 

The first work of this nature to be undertaken in the Yukon-Tanana 
region was begun in the Fairbanks district in June, 1907, by C. C. 
Covert, who established a few regular gaging stations and made a 
general reconnaissance of that district until September 23 of that 
year. 

During the season of 1908 work was continued by C. C. Covert and 
C. E. Ellsworth. In March, 1908, Mr. Covert went to the Fairbanks 
district to gather data on the spring run-off from the melting snow, 
and later in the season he extended the work to the Rampart and Hot 
Springs districts. In June Mr. EUsworth and Mr. Covert met at 
Circle and made a reconnaissance trip across country to Fairbanks 
and estabhshed a few regular gaging stations in the Birch Creek 
basin. On August 1 Mr. Ellsworth went to the Rampart and Hot 
Springs districts, where he continued the work until September 22. 
Mr. Covert and the rest of the party remained in the Fairbanks district 
until the end of August, when they started back to Circle, arriving 
there September 15. Much credit for the amount of data obtained 
and the extended territory which the party was able to cover is due 
to George Neuner, jr., field assistant, who made many of the measure- 
ments, and to C. E. Anderson, who acted as cook and packer. 

The work of 1909 was carried on by Mr. Ellsworth from April 1 to 
September 12. As many of the old stations as possible were con- 
tinued and a few new ones were established. Two trips were made 
up Tanana River as far as McCarty's, in addition to the work in the 
Fairbanks, Rampart, Hot Springs, and Circle districts. 

On April 1, 1910, Mr. Ellsworth and G. L. Parker arrived at Fair- 
banks and commenced field work in that district. Early in June, 
after having commenced the investigation in the Fairbanks and Circle 
districts, Mr. Ellsworth proceeded to Eagle and studied the water 
supply in the Fortymile, Eagle, and Seventymile districts until the 
later part of September. Mr. Parker continued work in the Fair- 
banks, Circle, and Salchaket districts for the remainder of the season. 
In view of the needs and possibilities of the several districts, the slow 
means of transportation, and the scanty funds available, it was 
decided to discontinue the work in the Rampart and Hot Springs 
districts. 



INTEODUCTION. 13 

In 1911 the work was carried on by Mr. Ellsworth and E. A. Porter, 
who arrived at Eagle in the middle of April and spent most of the 
time until May 27 in installing a gage and determining the flow of 
Yukon Kiver, in establishing several minor stations, and in making 
general plans for the season. Mr. Ellsworth then went to Circle and 
continued the field work until August 22. Mr. Porter continued 
field work in the Fortymile, Eagle, and Seventymile districts until 
about the middle of September. 

The investigations of 1912 covered about the same areas as in 1911. 
Mr. Ellsworth and E,. W. Davenport arrived at Eagle May 19 and 
commenced field work which ended about the middle of September. 
Mr. Ellsworth continued the investigations in the Fairbanks and 
Circle districts, and Mr. Davenport took up similar work in the 
Fortymile, Eagle, and Seventymile areas. 

J. C. Hoyt, engineer in charge of surface water supply investiga- 
tions, has given valuable advice regarding general plans for field 
work and the preparation of reports. 

For gage readings and assistance in making discharge measure- 
ments in the Little Chena River basin, special credit is due to Sherman 
White icL 1907 and 1908 and to T. J. Shaw in 1910. 

It would be almost impossible to give individual credit to all who 
assisted in the work. The most hospitable treatment and kindly aid 
have been extended at all times by residents of this region to members 
of the Survey. Individual credit for assistance in obtaining gage 
readings and discharge measurements is given in coimection with the 
published data. 

Particular acknowledgment is due to the following persons who 
through cooperation or definite assistance contributed directly toward 
the prosecution of the work: Mr. John Zug, superintendent of the 
Alaska Road Commission; Mr. C. W. McConaughy, chief enguieer of 
the Chatanika Ditch Co.; Mr. Falcon Joslin, president of the Tanana 
Valley Railroad Co.; Mr. Herman Wobber, Fairbanks Creek; Mr. 
Martin Harris, Chena Lumber & Light Co., Chena; Mr. W. H. Par- 
sons, general manager of the Washington- Alaska Bank; Mr. F. G. 
Manley, Baker Hot Springs; Mr. A. V. Thorns, superintendent of the 
Manley mines. Baker Hot Springs; Mr. M. E. Koonce, Rampart; 
employees of the Northern Commercial Co. and the Mammoth Creek 
Mining Co., Circle; and Louis Greul, Fairbanks. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

The geology, topography, mining industry, and general features of 
the area have been discussed at length by geologists and others 
detailed from the United States Geological Survey. The follo^ving 
is a partial list of the reports that have been published. Those 
marked with an asterisk (*) are out of stock at the Survey but can 



14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON^-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

be purchased from the superintendent of documents at the prices 
stated. 

Reports of an expedition to the Copper, Tanana, and Koyukuk rivers in the Terri- 
tory of Alaska, by H. T. Allen, 1887, 172 pp.^ 

^Geology of the Yukon gold district, Alaska, by J. E. Spurr. Eighteenth Annual 
Report, pt. 3, 1898, pp. 87-392. |2.15, 

A reconnaissance in the White and Tanana river basins, Alaska, by A. H. Brooks. 
Twentieth Annual Report, pt. 7, 1900, pp. 425-494. 

The Mount McKinley region, Alaska, by A. Hi Brooks, with descriptions of the 
igneous rocks and of the Bonnifield and Kantishna regions, by L. M. Prindle. Pro- 
fessional Paper 70, 1911. 

*The geography and geology of Alaska, a summary of existing knowledge, by A. H. 
Brooks, with a section on climate by Cleveland Abbe, jr., and a topographic map 
and a description thereof by R. U. Goode. Professional Paper 45, 1906, 327 pp. $1. 

^Methods and costs of gravel and placer mining in Alaska, by C. W. Purington. 
Bulletin 263, 1905, 362 pp. 35 cents. 

■^Geographic dictionary of Alaska, by Marcus Baker; second edition, prepared 
by James McCormick. Bulletin 299, 1906, 690 pp. 50 cents. 

Railway routes in Alaska. 62d Cong., 3d sess., H. Doc. No. 1346.^ 

*The coal resources of the Yukon, Alaska, by A. J. Collier. Bulletin 218, 1903, 
71 pp. 15 cents. 

^The gold placers of the Fortymile, Birch Creek, and Fairbanks regions, by L. M. 
i*rindle. Bulletin 251, 1905, 89 pp. 35 cents. 

Yukon placer fields, by L. M. Prindle. Bulletin 284, 1906, pp. 109-131. 

Reconnaissance from Circle to Fort Hamlin, by R. W. Stone. Bulletin 284, 1906, 
pp. 128-131. 

The Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska; description of the Circle quadrangle, by L. M. 
Prindle. Bulletin 295, 1906, 27 pp. 

The Bonnifield and Kantishna regions, by L. M. Prindle. Bulletin 314, 1907, pp. 
205-226. 

*The Circle precinct, by A. H. Brooks. Bulletin 314, 1907, pp. 187-204. 30 cents. 

*The Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska; description of the Fairbanks and Rampart 
quadrangles, by L. M. Prindle, F. L. Hess, and C. C. Covert. Bulletin 337, 1908, 
102 pp. 25 cents. 

*Occurrence of gold in the Yukon-Tanana region, by L. M. Prindle. Bulletin 345, 

1908, pp. 179-186. 45 cents. 

*The Fortymile gold-placer district, by L. M. Prindle. Bulletin 345, 1908, pp. 
187-197. 45 cents. 
*The Fairbanks gold-placer region, by L. M. Prindle and F. J. Katz . Bulletin 379, 

1909, pp. 181-200. 50 cents. 

*Water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, 1907-8, by C. C. Covert and C. E. 
Ellsworth. Bulletin 379, 1909, pp. 201-228. 50 cents. 

*Gold placers of the Ruby Creek district, by A. G. Maddren. Bulletin 379, 1909, 
pp. 229-233. 50 cents. 

*Placers of the Gold Hill district, by A. G. Maddren. Bulletin 379, 1909, pp. 234- 
237. 50 cents. 

*Gold placers of the Innoko district, by A. G. Maddren. Bulletin 879, 1909, pp. 
238-266. 50 cents. 

The Innoko gold-placer district, Alaska, with accounts of the central Kuskokwim 
Valley and the Ruby Creek and Gold Hill placers, by A. G. Maddren. Bulletin 
410, 1910, 87 pp. 

1 Not a publication of the U. S. Geol. Survey. 



INTRODUCTION. 1 5 

Sketch of the geology of the northeastern part of the Fairbanks quadrangle, by 
L. M. Prindle. Bulletin 442, 1910, pp. 203-209. 

The auriferous quartz veins of the Fairbanks district, by L. M. Prindle. Bulletin 
442, 1910, pp. 210-229. 

Placer mining in the Yukon-Tanana region, by C. E. Ellsworth. Bulletin 442, 
1910, pp. 230-245. 

Occurrence of wolframite and cassiterite in the gold placers of Deadwood Creek, 
Birch Creek district, by B. L. Johnson. Bulletin 442, 1910, pp. 246-250. 

Water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, 1909, by C. E. Ellsworth. Bulletin 442, 
1910, pp. 251-283. 

The Koyukuk-Chandalar gold region, by A. G. Maddren. Bulletin 442, 1910, pp. 
284-315. 

Placer mining in the Yukon-Tanana region, by C. E. Ellsworth and G. L. Parker. 
Bulletin 480, 1911, p. 172. 

Water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, 1910, by C. E. Ellsworth and G. L. 
Parker. Bulletin 480, 1911, p. 217. 

Mineral resources of the Bonnifield region, by S. R. Capps. Bulletin 480, 1911, 
p. 235. 

Gold placer mining developments in the Innoko-Iditarod region, by A. G. Maddren. 
Bulletin 480, 1911, p. 270. 

The Bonnifield region, Alaska, by S. R. Capps; including geologic and topographic 
reconnaissance maps. Bulletin 501, 1912, 162 pp. 

*Placer mining in the Fortymile and Seventymile river districts, by E. A. Porter. 
Bulletin 520, 1912, pp. 211-218. 50 cents. 

*Water supply of the Fortymile, Seventymile, and Eagle districts, by E. A. Porter. 
Bulletin 520, 1912, pp. 219-239. 50 cents. 

■'^Placer mining in the Fairbanks and Circle districts, by C. E . EUsworth. Bulletin 
520, 1912, pp. 240-245. 50 cents. 

*Water supply of the Fairbanks, Salchaket, and Circle districts, by C. E. Ellsworth. 
Bulletin 520, 1912, pp. 246-270. 50 cents. 

*The Rampart and Hot Springs regions, by H. M. Eakin. Bulletin 520, 1912, pp. 
271-286. 50 cents. 

*The Ruby placer district, by A. G. Maddren. Bulletin 520, 1912, pp. 287-296. 
50 cents. 

*Gold placers between Woodchopper and Fourth of July creeks, upper Yukon 
River, Alaska, by L. M. Prindle and J. B. Mertie, jr. Bulletin 520, 1912, pp. 201-210. 
50 cents. 

A geologic reconnaissance of the Fairbanks quadrangle, Alaska, by L. M. Prindle, 
with a detailed description of the Fairbanks district by L. M. Prindle and F. J. 
Katz and an account of lode mining near Fairbanks by P. S. Smith. Bulletin 525, 
1913,220 pp. 

The Koyukuk-Chandalar region, Alaska, by A. G. Maddren. Bulletin 532, 1913, 
119 pp. 

A geologic reconnaissance of a part of the Rampart quadrangle, Alaska, by H. M. 
Eakin. Bulletin 535, 1913, 38 pp. 

A geologic reconnaissance of the Circle quadrangle, Alaska, by L. M. Prindle. 
Bulletin 538, 1913, 82 pp. 

The Yukon-Tanana region south of latitude 66° (except a small 
triangular area north of the Fortymile quadrangle), embracing an 
area of over 40,000 square miles, has been entirely covered by topo- 
graphic surveys on a scale of 1 : 250,000 (approximately 4 miles to the 
inch) with 200-foot contour intervals. (See fig. 1.) The Fortymile 



16 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGIOI^, ALASKA. 



quadrangle was surveyed in 1898 and the remaining areas during 
1903 to 1910. An area of about 500 square miles, covering the most 
important part of the Fairbanks mining district, was topographically 
surveyed on a scale of 1 : 62,500 with 25-foot contour intervals in 
1907. The following is a list of published maps covering this and 
adjacent areas: 

Fortymile quadrangle; No. 640; scale, 1:250,000; by E. C. Barnard. Price 10 
cents a copy or $6 a hundred. 

Fairbanks quadrangle; No. 642; scale, 1:250,000; byT. G. Gerdine, D. C. Wither- 
spoon, and R. B. Oliver. Price 50 cents a copy. 




200 Miles 



Figure 1.— Index map showing location of quadrangles in Yukon-Tanana region. 

Rampart quadrangle; No. 643; scale, 1:250,000; by D. C. Witlierspoon and R. B. 
Oliver. Price 20 cents a copy or $12 a hundred. 

Fairbanks district; No. 642A; scale, 1:62,500; byT. G. Gerdine and R. H. Sargent. 
Price 20 cents a copy or $12 a hundred. 

Yukon-Tanana region, reconnaissance map of; scale, 1:625,000; byT. G. Gerdine. 
Contained in Bulletin 251, 1905. Not published separately. 

Fairbanks and Birch Creek districts, reconnaissance maps of; scale, 1:250,000; by 
T. G. Gerdine. Contained in Bulletin 251, 1905. Not published separately. 

Circle quadrangle, Yukon-Tanana region; No. 641; scale, 1:250,000; byD. C. With- 
erspoon. Contained in Bulletin 295. Price 50 cents a copy. 

Upper Tanana River and Ladue Creek region; scale, 1:250,000; by D. C. Wither- 
spoon and J. W. Bagley. In preparation. 

The Bonnifield region; scale, 1:250,000; by J. W. Bagley, D. C. Witherspoon, and 
C. E. Giffin. Contained in Bulletin 501; not published separately. 



u. s, 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE ( 




U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE I 



t>y(_)VJ 



/igable Limit of sea i 

mer in winter / / 



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Is ^ 



co.siii^l 



^^somrHa, Ko' 






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E 






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Kubyi 









^C 






/ 
i CTactJ 



O 



ii^-^ 



S 



^ 



P>' 



ma- Sat, i?° 













Cwp5FC^'=[- 



hfi^\ 




Chitina^ 







100 200 300 MILES 






^. 



MAP OF ALASKA SHOWING LOCATION OF YUKON-TANANA REGION. 



GENERAL FEATURES. 17 

GENERAL FEATURES OF YUKON-TANANA REGION. 

GEOGRAPHY. 1 

The Yukon-Tanana region comprises the part of east-central 
Alaska bounded by Yukon and Tanana rivers and the international 
boundary between Canada and Alaska. (See PL I.) It covers an 
area of over 40,000 square miles with a maximum north and south 
extent of about 175 miles. The distance from the boundary to the 
junction of the two rivers is nearly 300 miles. 

The Yukon-Tanana region forms part of the central plateau prov- 
ince of Alaska. It is an upland which may be termed a dissected 
plateau, diversified by many broad valleys and their smaller tribu- 
taries and characterized by broad flat interstream areas, above which 
rise numerous rounded domes and some good-sized mountain masses. 
The surface of the upland maintains remarkable uniformity of alti- 
tude throughout considerable areas; it stands at an altitude of 3,000 
to 3,500 feet in the eastern part of the region, gradually falls off west- 
ward to the vicinity of Fairbanks, where it is only about 2,000 feet 
in altitude, and rises again to 3,000 feet near the Yukon at Rampart. 
In many parts of the region flat-topped spurs stand below the general 
level. 

The domes, which rise above the general level, are irregularly dis- 
tributed and attain altitudes of 4,000 to 5,000 feet. Some mountains 
with well-defined crest lines also stand 4,000 to 5,000 feet above sea 
level; among them are the Glacier Mountains, in the Fortymile 
region, 5,000 to 6,000 feet high; the Crazy Mountains, near Circle, 
3,000 to 3,600 feet high; the White Mountains, in the Beaver Creek 
drainage basin, 3,000 to 4,000 feet high; and the Sawtooth Mountains, 
near Rampart, nearly 5,000 feet high. The domes are almost entirely 
composed of stocks of igneous rock and owe their present prominence 
to the resistance to weathering of these rocks. Some of the moun- 
tains are made up of igneous rocks and some of closely folded sedi- 
ments, but in both types the relief is due to the greater resistance to 
erosion of their constituent rocks. 

GEOLOGY.2 

Two dominant structural trends of Alaska, one southeast and 
northwest and the other northeast and southwest, intersect the 
Yukon-Tanana region and give to the province an important struc- 
tural position. Numerous individual formations also possess com- 
plicated structures. The field has been one of sedimentation, 
diastrophism, widespread metamorphism, abundant intrusion, and 
volcanic action. Its position, furthermore, in the basin of the 

1 Prindle, L. M., Katz, F. J., and Smith, P. S., A geological reconnaissance of the Fairbanks quadrangle, 
etc.: U. S, Geol. Siirvey Bull. 525, pp. 17-18, 1913. 
2ldem, pp. 30-32. 

42913* — wsp 342—15 2 



18 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN ANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Yukon, one of the great drainage systems of the world, has subjected 
it to long-continued and intricate fluviatile modeling. As it lies 
outside the widely glaciated region, its topography is due almost 
exclusively to subaerial denudation. Finally, its bedrock is mantled 
with unconsolidated deposits, which, though but the product of an 
episode of geologic history, are nevertheless of great importance 
with reference to the distribution of placer gold. 

The rocks include essentially two great groups, one of metamorphic 
completely folded schists of pre-Ordovician age, and another, uncon- 
formable in its relation to the schists, made up of folded argillites, 
quartzite, conglomerate, sandstone, altered volcanic rocks, and lime- 
stone ranging in age from Ordovician to Carboniferous. Besides 
these two groups some areas of Lower Cretaceous quartzites and 
slates and of Eocene friable sandstones, shales, and lignitic coal are 
found. Igneous rocks are represented in this field by many large 
areas of granites and by dikes of varied composition. The uncon- 
solidated materials of the province are primarily the alluvial deposits 
of the valleys and the terrace deposits of gravel, sand, and silt which 
are developed along Yukon and Tanana rivers. 

The mineral resources of the region consist of placer gold, found 
in the Fairbanks, Birch Creek, Fortymile, Hot Springs, and other 
districts, and of auriferous and other metalliferous lodes which occur 
at many places but have been developed only in the Fairbanks district. 
Most of the developed gold deposits occur in the older schistose rocks 
and in areas where intrusive rocks are abundant. Gold has, how- 
ever, been found in other associations. About $75,000,000 worth of 
gold has been mined in the Yukon-Tanana region. Some silver 
has been recovered incidental to gold mining, and antimony, silver- 
ead, and tin ores have been found. Lignitic coal is widely distributed 
n the region, but no extensive coal fields have been discovered. 

CLIMATE. 
GENERAL FEATURES. 

Abbe,^ in his very comprehensive discussion of climate in Alaska, 
divides Alaska into eight climatic provinces, whose pronounced cli- 
matic differences he ascribes to mountain ranges, the Japan current, 
and other physical features. He describes the interior province as 
comprising the central plateau region between the Rocky Mountain 
system on the north and the Pacific Mountain system on the south, 
thus including the Yukon-Tanana region at its very heart. The 
meager meteorologic records in the interior prior to 1903, summa- 
rized by Abbe, have been materially increased since that date, so that 
more definite conclusions regarding the climate may now be drawn. 

1 Abbe, Cleveland, jr., U. S. Geol. Survey ProL Paper 45, pp. 133-200, 1906. 



GENERAL FEATURES. 



19 



TEMPERATURE. 

The Yukon-Tanana region is characterized by extreme ranges in 
temperature, both annual and monthly. The annual range is shown 
by the records to vary from 120° to 164°. The greatest extreme 
monthly ranges occur in January and February and frequently 
exceed 90°. The maximum temperatures reported at the stations 
range from 85° to 96° and the mmimum from -50° to -76°. The 
maximum, minimum, and mean monthly temperatures at Eagle from 
1905 to 1912 and at Fairbanks from 1904 to 1912 are shown in the 
following tables: 

Monthly temperature at Eagle, 1905 to 1912. 
Maximum. 



Year. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


An- 
nual. 


1905 


\ 






75 
84 
82 


88 
92 
80 


91 


82 


75 


63 


42 
38 




1906 




51 
40 


54 
64 


34 i 


1907 


36 


20 












1908 




80 
76 
78 
81 

77 


68 
67 
76 
79 
67 


50 
45 

48 
61 
58 


35 
22 
30 
39 

38 


25 t 


1909 



26 
10 


15 

28 
45 
44 


44 
52 
41 
51 


53 
55 
59 
59 


67 
78 
66 

78 


82 
87 
85 
80 


81 
91 

"'"84" 




1910 


34 1 


1911 


35 1 


1912 


36 1 








The period. . 


36 


45 


52 


64 


84 


92 


91 


82 


79 


63 


42 


36 92 



Minimum. 



1905 








25 
23 
21 
23 
• 16 
17 
20 
16 


33 
39 
34 
31 
29 
24 
26 
24 


40 


29 


20 


- 8 


- 8 
-50 
-39 
-41 
-52 
-28 
-30 
-40 






1906 






-11 
-42 
-50 
-27 
-50 
-54 
-30 


11 
-32 

-20 

I?? 

-38 



-55 
-34 
-52 




1907 


-53 
-48 
-69 
-61 
-62 


-52 
-31 
-51 
-63 
-56 
-31 


31 
32 
33 
29 

'"'36" 


27 
27 
23 
20 
24 
20 


19 
2 
12 
11 
10 
12 


-15 
-21 

- 8 

- 2 
10 

- 2 




1908 

1909 




1910 


-53 

-47 
-50 




1911 




1912 










The period . . 


-69 


-63 


-54 


-38 


16 


21 


29 


20 


2 


-21 


-52 


-55 


-69 



Mean. 



1905 










47.4 
58.2 
49.8 


56.8 
67.7 
57.2 


64.8 


60.6 


42.6 


29.6 


14.4 






1906 






28.4 
4.6 


24.6 
30.4 






1907 


- 9.8 


-20.0 














1908 




52.3 
52.1 
50.6 
51.5 
50.6 


36.4 
38.0 
43.6 
42.2 
42.9 


18.3 
20.7 
26.2 
34.0 
28. 2 


2.9 

-11.0 

1.2 

.4 

9.0 


-2.1 




1909 


-40.2 
-13.1 
-31.3 


-is. 4 

-15.8 
3.1 

8.8 


8.4 

6.6 

5.0 

16.4 


19.6 
23.4 
21.2 
32.2 


42.2 

44.4 
43.8 
47.7 


62.4 
55.8 
55.6 
51.2 


59.9 
59.0 

'"54."6 




1910 


—19.6 




1911 


— 4.6 


1912 


— 7. 4 . 








The period. . 


-23.6 


- 8.5 


11.6 


25.2 


47.6 


58.1 


59.6 


53.0 


41.0 


26.5 


2.8 


-8.4 23.3 



Monthly temperature at Fairbanks, 1904 to 1912. 
Maximum. 



Year. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


An- 
nual. 


1904 


















62 
59 
70 
63 
64 
74 
78 
80 
64 


52 
53 
58 
42 
51 
49 
49 
67 
53 


28 
40 
37 
38 
46 
29 
25 
35 
29 


23 
33 
30 
20 
33 
43 
32 
28 




1905 ■•. 


20 
13 
34 
32 
25 
28 
20 
29 






60 
58 
64 
55 
54 
56 
54 
60 


72 
81 
80 
74 
74 
76 
59 
76 


""84" 
79 
83 
77 
86 
82 
87 


79 
83 
82 
79 
82 
86 
84 
85 


82 
77 
84 
80 
65 
76 
85 
78 




1906 


21 

"""38" 
14 
35 
43 
40 


46 
35 
36 
43 
44 
39 
47 




1907 

1908 




1909 




1910 

1911 




1912 










The period.. 


34 


43 


47 


64 


81 


87 


86 


85 


80 


67 


46 


43 


87 



20 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Monthly temperature at FairhanJcs, 1904 to 1912 — Continued. 

Minimum. 



Year, 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


An. 
nual. 


1904 


















17 
18 
13 
20 
15 
11 
12 
22 
28 


- 7 

- 8 
2 

-16 
-21 
-10 
-15 
11 
-12 


-35 

-25 
-50 
-41 
-30 
-54 
-30 
-34 
-29 


-47 
-47 
-46 
-36 
-48 
-42 
-58 
-45 




1905 


-48 
-65 
-58 
-51 
-54 
-55 
-62 
-42 







-12 
-31 
-19 
- 8 
-14 
-32 

3 


24 
27 
26 
30 
26 
24 
26 
26 


*"4i" 
37 
35 
35 
35 
31 
31 


30 
40 
38 
40 
42 
36 
36 
40 


29 
32 
36 
31 
19 
30 
28 
31 




1906 


-38 

"-32' 

-45 
-57 
-44 
-32 


-22 

-48 
-35 
-21 
-32 
-56 
-21 




1907 




1908 




1909 




1910 




1911 




1912 










The period.. 


-65 


-57 


-56 


-32 


24 


31 


30 


19 


11 


-21 


-54 


-58 


-65 



Mean. 



1904 


















39.5 
38.2 
44.0 
42.5 
37.8 
40.0 
45.7 
45.4 
45.6 


28.0 
23.3 
31.2 
19.0 
21.8 
21.6 
24.2 
35.3 
26.6 


-10.6 

12.6 

.0 

2.6 

7.0 

- .8 

- 1.0 
-2.7 

1.9 


-10.8 
-13.4 
-16.7 

- 3.5 

- .4 
4.6 

-12.8 
-5.8 




1905 


-17.0 
-36.6 

- 3.3 
-11.3 
-26.2 
-19.6 
-23.8 

- 4.4 






36.6 
25.5 
30.2 
26.0 
24 
22.3 
17.4 
38.2 


47.2 
49.4 
49.8 
48.6 
47.1 
48.8 
42.8 
51.6 


60.4 
57.2 
58.2 
57.2 
57.5 
57.2 
53.9 


52.0 
60.4 
59.6 
59.9 
60.8 
61.2 
64.5 
60.9 


54.8 
55.6 
55.4 
54.3 
44.0 
54.1 
46.4 
55.2 




1906 


0.2 

""2.1 

-10.5 

-11.7 

2.0 

9.2 


17.7 
5.2 
5.2 

10.2 
8.3 
2.5 

22.7 




1907 




1908 




1909 




1910 




1911 




1912 










The period. . 


-17.8 


1.4 


10.3 


27.5 


48.2 


54.7 


61.4 


52.5 


42.1 


25.7 


1.0 


-7.4 


25.2 



The long intensely cold winters of the interior have resulted in 
great depths of permanently frozen ground, some alluvial deposits 
having been reported to be frozen for more than 300 feet below the 
surface. Favorable conditions with respect to material and drainage 
have governed the distribution of frozen ground to some extent, 
however, and considerable areas are believed to be unfrozen. In the 
short, comparatively cool summers the depth to which the frozen 
ground is thawed does not often exceed 3 or 4 feet. 

In the winters ice 3 to 6 feet thick usually forms on the larger lakes 
and streams. Streams like the Yukon, which have an appreciable 
current, freeze in most places to a depth of 3 to 4 feet. At some 
rapids, however, as on the Yukon a short distance below Dawson, 
Yukon Territory, and on other streams, the water never freezes. 
Quiet bodies of water sometimes freeze to a depth of 6 feet. 

On the smaller streams ice formed in the channel frequently 
obstructs the water underneath and causes it to overflow the surface, 
where it freezes, thickening the mass greatly. These accumulations 
of ice, known as glaciers, often form in masses so great that they are 
not entirely thawed until far into the summer. In many places they 
seriously obstruct mining, and in others they favor it by prolonging 
and equalizing the stream flow. 

The freeze-up of the navigable streams has such an important 
economic effect upon commerce in Alaska that it has resulted in the 
general recognition of two seasons — the ''open,'' during which the 
Yukon is open to navigation, and the ''closed," during which the 



GENERAL FEATURES. 



21 



Yiikoii is either filled with floating ice or is frozen over. In the 
following tables are given records collected by agents of the Northern 
Commercial Co. on the break-up and freeze-up of Alaskan streams. 
The dates given show remarkable uniformity as compared with those 
of streams in more southern latitudes. 

In April and early in May the sun gradually becomes higher and 
its rays warmer until the accumulated snow and ice begin to melt. 
The tributary streams slowly increase their discharge into the large 
streams, raismg the ice sheet until it can no longer remain intact and 
breaks away from the shore. This parting of the ice from the shore, 
or the break-up, indicates that the open season is at hand and is a 
momentous event for the people of the interior. Once broken up, 
the ice starts on its way to the sea, attended by an almost unimagin- 
able spectacular display of tremendous forces. From bank to bank 
the huge moving ice cakes grind upon each other with an awe-inspiring 
exhibition of resistless force. At places the ice pack is obstructed, 
but sooner or later it forces its way past the obstacles and moves on, 
carrying away every movable thing in its path. When, after 7 to 12 
days, the river is finally free, the ^'open season" has commenced and 
the river boats may venture from their winter quarters. The records 
show that on the Yukon the break-up usually occurs about May 12 
and that navigation may start about May 20. 

The date of the freeze-up is not quite so uniform as that of the 
break-up, but it usually occurs near the last of October or the first of 
November. The ice commences running in the river, and with the 
increasing cold the mass grows in size until it solidifies in a com- 
plete sheet and becomes anchored to the shore. Thereafter the 
river is closed to navigation. 

Dates of break-up and freeze-up on Yukon River, its tributaries, and St. Michael Bay. 

[Furnished by the Northern Commercial Co.] 
Stations on Yukon River. 





Dawson. 


Eagle. 


Circle. 


Year. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


1896 


May 17 
May 14 
May 6 
May 17 
May 8 
May 14 
May 11 
May 13 
May 17 
May 10 
May 11 
May 5 
May 7 
May 11 
... do . . 


Nov. 13 
Nov. 8 
Nov. 5 
Oct. 23 
Nov. 2 
Nov. 12 
Nov. 4 
Nov. 9 
Nov. 6 
Oct. 10 
Nov. 7 
Nov. 2 
Oct. 26 
Nov. 11 
Nov. 4 
Nov. 8 
...do 










1897 










1898 


May 10 
May 16 
May 8 
May 12 
May 15 
May 14 
May 6 
May 9 

...do 

May 3 
May 7 
May 10 

...do 

May 6 
May 3 


Nov. 8 
Nov. 2 
Nov. 13 
Nov. 15 
Nov. 19 
Nov. 13 
Nov. 14 
Oct. 19 
Nov. 14 
Nov. 4 
Oct. 29 
Nov. 22 
Nov. 8 
Nov. 15 
Nov. 16 







1899 






1900 






1901 


May 22 
May 16 
...do.... 
May 17 
May 16 
May 14 
May 8 
May 13 
May 12 
May 15 
May 12 
May 15 


Oct. 15 


1902 


Nov. 5 


1903 


Oct. 21 


1904 


Nov. 3 


1905 


Oct. 23 


1906 


Nov. 8 


1907 


Oct. 18 


1908 


Oct. 23 


1909 


Oct. 2 


1910 


Oct. 29 


1911 


May 7 
May 9 


Nov. 2 


1912 


Oct. 26 







22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGIOK, ALASKA. 

Dates of break-up and freeze-up on Yukon River, its tributaries, and St. Michael Bay — Con. 

stations on Yukon River — Continued. 





Rampart. 


Fort Gibbon. 


Andreafski. 


Year. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


1896 














1897 














1898 


May 22 
May 19 
May 15 
May 24 
May 21 
May 19 
May 11 
May 16 
May 13 
May 10 
May 14 
May 17 
May 18 


Oct. 15 
Nov. 6 
Nov. 3 
Nov. 8 
Nov. 9 
Oct. 24 
Nov. 11 
Oct. 29 
Nov. 10 
Nov. 2 
Oct. 29 
Nov. 6 
...do 










1899 










1900 


May 8 
May 24 
May 13 
May 22 
May 7 
May 12 
May 16 
May 6 
May 22 
...do 


Oct. 30 
Nov. 3 
Nov. 7 
Oct. 21 
Nov. 4 
Oct. 26 
Nov. 9 
Oct. 27 
Oct. 26 
Nov. 3 
Nov. 4 
Nov. 8 
Nov. 4 






1901 






1902 • 






1903 






1904 






1905 






1906 . .. 






1907 


May 19 
May 22 
May 18 
May 28 


Oct. 9 


1908 


Oct. 23 


1909 


Oct. 6 


1910 


Oct. 22 


1911 




May 11 
May 3 


Nov. 8 


1912 





















Stations on tributary streams of the Yukon. 





Fiftymile River at White- 
horse, Yukon Territory. 


Lake 
Lebarge, 

Yukon 
Territory 

opened. 


Tanana River at 
Fairbanks. 


Koyukuk River at 
Settles. 


Year. 


Break- 
up. 


First boat 

left for 

Dawson. 


Last boat 

left for 

Dawson. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


1899 








June 5 

May 28 
June 9 
May 29 
June 12 
June 6 
May 26 
June 2 
June 5 










1900 




June 8 
Jime 9 
May 30 
June 12 
June 6 
June 1 
...do.... 
June 5 


Oct. 10 

...do.... 

Oct. 17 

Oct. 11 

...do 

Oct. 9 
Oct. 11 
Oct. 12 










1901 


Apr. 21 
...do. .. . 






May 28 
May 18 
May 27 
May 13 
May 20 
May 12 

...do 

...do...- 
May 14 
May 21 
May 9 
May 12 


Oct. 7 


1902 






Oct. 22 


1903 


May 2 
Apr. 25 
Apr. 18 
Apr. 25 
May 2 


May 7 
May 3 
May 8 
May 1 
Apr. 30 
May 3 
May 9 
May 10 
May 6 


Nov. 13 
Oct. 27 
Oct. 14 


Oct. 6 


1904 


Oct. 4 


1905 


Oct. 6 


1906 


Oct. 18 


1907 


Oct. 16 
Oct. 20 
Oct. 10 


Oct. 7 


1908 


Oct. 3 


1909 










Sept. 29 
Oct. 4 


1910 




June 8 




June 7 


1911 






Nov. 4 


Oct. 18 


1912 










Oct. 19 



















St. Michael Bay. 



Year. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


Year. 


Break- 
up. 


Freeze- 
up. 


1875.... 


May 25 
June 8 
June 13 
June 15 
June 9 
Jime 27 
June 11 
Jime 9 
June 8 
Jime 10 
May 30 
June 5 
June 14 
June 8 
June 23 
June 6 
June 9 
June 11 
June 10 


Nov. 20 
Nov. 6 
Nov. 15 
Nov. 16 
Nov. 9 
Dec. 6 
Dec. 7 
Nov. 25 
Nov. 21 
Oct. 10 
Nov. 5 
Nov. 13 
Nov. 2 
Nov. 18 
Nov. 16 
Nov. 11 
Nov. 14 
Nov. 7 
Nov. 5 


1894 


June 23 
June 18 
June 25 
June 23 
June 13 
Jime 10 
Jime 8 
July 3 
June 5 
June 18 
June 20 
May 31 
June 7 
June 6 
June 8 
June 13 
June 16 
June 14 
June 19 


Nov. 1 


1876 


1895 


Dec. 7 


1877 


1896 


Nov. 21 


1878 


1897 


Oct. 25 


1879 


1898 


Oct. 31 


1880 


1899 


Nov. 7 


1881 


1900 


Nov. 22 


1882 


1901 


Nov. 2 


1883 


1902 


Do. 


1884 


1903 


Nov. 1 


1885 


1904 


Do. 


1886 


1905 


Nov. 4 


1887 


1906 


Nov. 9 


1888 


1907 


Oct. 31 


1889 


1908 


Nov, 1 


1890 


1909 


Nov. 4 


1891 


1910 


Nov. 7 


1892 


1911 


Nov. 16 


1893 


1912 


Nov. 7 









GENEEAL FEATURES. 23 

PRECIPITATlOlSr. 

Study of the stream-flow and rainfall data of the Yukon-Tanana 
region shows that they have an exceptionally direct relationship. 
Tlierefore, since a large and well-equaHzed water supply is of very 
great economic value to the mining industry in this region, the quan- 
tity and distribution of the rainfall has great significance, and any 
study of the run-off of this region would be very incomplete without 
a careful consideration of the precipitation. 

Precipitation stations which have been established for longer or 
shorter periods in the Yukon-Tanana region, Yukon Territory, and 
British Columbia are listed on page 24, with their latitudes, longi- 
tudes, and approximate elevations. The stations in Alaska have 
been maintained by or in cooperation with the Weather Bureau, and 
those in Canada have been maintained by the Canadian meteoro- 
logic service. The longest record in the Yukon-Tanana region has 
been kept at Eagle, where observations are available for 8 complete 
years and for 65 discontmuous months. Dawson has a continuous 
record for 11 years and 7 months and Fort Gibbon a very broken 
record which includes 4 complete years and 91 discontinuous months. 
The lengths of the different records decrease from those above men- 
tioned to ones extending over but two or three months. 

The following tables show the daily precipitation at Eagle and 
Fairbanks from 1906 to 1912. They also show, for shorter periods, 
the precipitation at stations which are closer to the mining regions 
and which it is believed portray conditions in these localities more 
accurately. In the winter records where snowfall was not reduced 
to melted snow by the observer, the equivalent rainfall has usually 
been assumed as one-tenth of the snowfall. 

The more complete records show that precipitation occurred on 
120 to 140 days in the year and that over half of it fell in the 
summer. The rains in the regioa, however, are not excessive, and 
few of them exceed 1 inch in a 24-hour period; in fact, they are 
notable for being but slight showeis with a mere trace of precipitation. 
Sometimes these showers occur almost daily and yet are not sufficient 
to replenish the flow of the steadily f alMng streams. 

During the winter months snow ordinarily accumulates to a 
depth of about 3 feet. With the advent of the warm days of April 
and May it melts, usually causing high stages on the streams in the 
later part of May. On the northern slopes of the mountains, where 
the snow is protected from the rays of the low-hanging sun, it remains 
in patches until far into the summer. 

The tables give the monthly precipitation, in inches, at all stations 
maintained in the Yukon-Tanana region from 1903 to 1912. The 
same data are given for stations in Yukon Territory from 1901 to 1912. 
The scattered records prior to 1903 have been compiled by Abbe. 



24 STJKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOK-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

On page 39 is given a table summarizing the mean monthly precipi- 
tation at stations in the Yukon-Tanana region and Yukon Territory 
where records have contiaued over 24 months. The table also shows 
the length of the record and the mean yearly precipitation for each 
station. The average mean monthly precipitation at seven Weather 
Bureau stations in the Yukon-Tanana region and the fluctuation of 
annual rainfall at some of these stations are shown graphically in 
figures 3 and 2 (pp. 41 and 40), respectively. 

Precipitation stations in Yukon- Tanana region. 



Station. 


Index 
letter on 
PL IV. 


Latitude. 


lyongitude. 


Approxi- 
mate 
elevation 
above sea 
level.o 


Central 


A 


o / 

65 33 
65 50 
65 23 

64 05 

65 05 
64 55 
64 40 

64 45 

65 27 

64 50 

65 17 
65 12 
64 58 

64 07 

65 32 

64 30 

65 08 
65 30 
65 02 
63 24 


o / 

145 49 

144 04 

146 16 
141 56 

147 26 
141 40 
141 19 

141 10 

145 28 
147 44 

146 23 
152 00 
150 40 

142 20 
145 14 

142 10 

147 2S 
150 15 
147 26 

143 24 


Feet. 

950 


Circle 


B 


500 


Charity Creek 


C 


2,800 


Chicken Creek 


T). 


1,400 


Clearv 


E... 


1,000 


Crooked Creek 


F... . 


1,000 


Discovery Fork 





1,500 


Eagle 


II 


850 


Easle Creek 


I.. 


2,600 


Fairban ks 


J 


450 


Faith Creek 


K 


1,400 


Fort Gibbon 


L... 


300 


Hot Sprines 


M 


350 


Kef^humstuk 


N. . 


2,000 


Miller House 


0.. 


1,700 


North Fork 


P 


1,400 
750 


Poker Creek 


Q 


R ampart 


R 


350 


Summit House 


S 


2,300 


Tanana Crossing 


T... 


1,450 







a The elevations are estimated from the available topographic maps, which are based on a datum deter- 
mined by barometer. They may therefore be considerably in error but probably show the relative 
elevations of stations with suflRcient accuracy. 

Precipitation stations in Yukon Territory and British Columbia. 



Station. 



Latitude. 



Longitude. 



Approxi- 
mate 
elevation. 



Atlin, British Columbia 

Dawson, Yiikon Territory 

Whitehorse, Yukon Territory 



59 45 
64 05 

60 46 



133 46 
139 28 
135 00 



Feet. 
2,800 
1,100 
2,150 



GENERAL FEATURES. 
Daily precipitation, in inches, at Eagle, 1906-1912. 



25 



Day. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1906. 
1 










0.10 
.12 

.02 




0.11 


0.03 


Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 








2! :::::::::: 










0.01 






3 






0.49 




0.07 










4 






.04 










5 










.03 




.04 










6 










.03 






Tr. 






7 






















8 


















0.01 








9 














.07 
.11 










10 




. . . 








.09 






.78 






11 






.34 






.02 








12 








.02 


.12 






.02 
Tr. 






13 










Tr. 

.08 


1.10 












0.14 








.01 






15 










.16 


.02 





.40 






16 






.36 




.03 








17 














.20 






18 
























19 














.16 








0.27 




20 






















21 










.07 


.03 














22 












.02 










23 










.09 




.03 
.15 
.11 

.18 

.28 










24 




















25 




















.20 




26 












.14 










27 










.04 
.02 








.10 


0.07 


28 






1.00 




.30 
.38 
.38 










29 










.10 
.20 






30 












.02 










31 










.06 


























1 ' 1 









.14 


2.19 





• 54 


.51 


2.54 


1.28 


.01 1.71 


.57 


.07 


1907. 
1 
















.46 
































.12 


3 












.28 




.20 








Tr. 




















Tr. 


6 












.16 






.45 
.04 






.10 


6 
















"""."63" 


.10 




7 














.28 


.07 




8 


Tr. 
0.07 
















9 








Tr. 

.08 








.05 








10 . ... 




















11 



















.12 








12 


.77 
.61 












.23 




.25 






13 


.10 
.10 






Tr. 
.24 


.10 




.24 
















.79 






15 








.16 


.80 


.08 


.13 






16 


















17 








0.25 






.11 
.05 
.06 
.70 










18 










.48 
.04 
.04 

.01 
.18 








.30 




19 
















Tr. 


20 













.16 








21 










.03 






Tr. 


22 














.26 








23 














.04 








24 












.18 












25 
























26 












.18 


"".lY 


.08 
.05 










27 




















28 












.08 




.03 




.05 


29 










.05 




.04 
.04 






30 






















31 


















.02 
































1.45 


.20 





.25 


.40 


1.89 


1.48 


1.98 


1.45 


1.12 


.40 


.31 



26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP 

Daily precipitation, in inches, at 



YUKOK-TAl^AKA REGION, ALASKA. 

Eagle, 1906-1912— Continued. 



Day. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1908. 
1 












0.15 






0.15 








2 






















3 


















.38 








4 


0.05 






















5 












0.40 




.08 








6 












.18 




0.18 




7 




















0.29 


8 












.45 






.05 








9 






















10 
























.21 


11 














.10 










.32 


12 
















.45 




.20 




13 












.16 








14 














0.01 










15 












.17 












16 








0.10 






.05 










17 














.10 
.05 


0.09 
.06 


.16 




18 














.90 




.19 


19 






0.75 










20 














.75 
.15 










21 












.40 




.10 






.08 


22 


















23 














.80 






.03 






24 
















.12 






25 


„X)7 








0.10 














26 










.05 












27 










.30 
.53 
.09 










.20 




'28 




0.25 






.05 
.60 


.22. 











29 








.03 










30 


















31 
















.03 




































.12 


.25 


.75 


.10 


1.02 


2.16 


2.47 


1.02 


1.48 


.18 


.82 


1.09 


1909. 
1 










.14 
.04 












.05 
.05 
.10 

""".'65' 




2 






















3 




















Tr. 


4 












.23 








Tr. 


.01 


5 














.12 


.08 




6 


















7 
















.24 




Tr. 






g 




















9 
















.34 










10 








.08 


.10 


.23 




.07 






.6i 


11 


















12 








.04 


.19 


.17 




.07 
.03 
.02 
Tr. 

.09 








13 








.07 
Tr. 
.06 

.05 






14 






.11 








.06 


.06 


.05 
.02 

.03 


.01 


15 










1.00 




16 








.06 








.04 


17 


















18 


























19 




.07 










.47 


....... 


.06 
.12 

.21 
.04 
.05 


"Tr'.' 


.05 




20.. 










.53 




21 








.08 
.08 






.09 


22 . 










.17 










.02 


23 


















24 














.27 










25. 
















Tr. 

Tr. 

.04 








26 
















.08 








27 . 














.48 
.16 








28... 


.16 


















29 






















30 














.16 










.01 


31.. . . 


















.10 




.04 


























.16 


.07 


.11 


.34 


.28 


2.35 1.77 


.95 


.88 


.28, 


.40 


.23 



GENERAL FEATURES. 
Daily precipitation, in inches, at Eagle, 1906-1912 — -Continued. 



27 



Day. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1910. 
1 












Tr. 


Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 

'"6.' 45' 


Tr. 
"'Tr'.' 


0.13 
.96 
.04 
Tr. 
.05 


0.21 
.01 




Tr. 


2 














3 








0.02 
Tr. 
Tr. 


Tr. 
Tr. 


Tr. 

0.24 

.03 

.05 

■' Tr.' 






4 








.02 
Tr. 

.01 
Tr. 




0.04 


5 


Tr. 

0.01 
.33 
.04 








6 










7 






Tr. 


.04 


0.02 

1.24 

.33 






.04 


8 








9 




0.04 


.01 




.10 
.14 








10 






Tr. 


Tr. 

.01 


.07 






.03 


11 






.01 










12 










.78 












13 


.04 


Tr. 
Tr. 


.06 


Tr. 

.16 
.06 










.04 


0.05 
.06 




14 










.25 

.44 

Tr. 
.29 
.08 


Tr. 


15 




0.08 

.07 


.05 

.13 
.29 


.07 

"'Tr'.' 

.05 
.13 

.15 
.20 
.03 
.13 


Tr. 

.44 
.02 
.22 
.04 
.03 


Tr. 


16 


.01 
.05 
Tr. 




.20 




.02 




17 


Tr. 


18 












Tr. 




19 












Tr. 


20 










.10 
.03 


Tr. 








.10 


21 


Tr. 




.09 
.02 
.06 
Tr. 
Tr. 

.01 
.04 


Tr. 




.25 


Tr. 


.05 


22 








23 




0.01 






.03 


Tr. 

.07 
.14 

.02 
.06 
Tr. 






.02 
Tr. 


.04 


24 




Tr. 




.01 
.33 

.04 
Tr. 
Tr. 


.15 
Tr. 


Tr. 


25 












26 












Tr. 


.10 




27 


.08 
Tr. 
.27 




Tr. 








28 




.18 


"*T'r." 
Tr. 
.18 


Tr. 
Tr. 


Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 




29 












30 










.04 




.12 




31 










Tr. 


























.83 


.01 


.53 


.25 


.28 


1.05 


2.28 


2.63 


2.98 


.69 


.25 


.30 


1911. 
1 


.13 
.04 
Tr. 
.01 
.04 

.02 




.06 






.18 






Tr. 


Tr. 






2 












.24 


3 






.30 
.32 

.10 

Tr. 
.01 
Tr. 
Tr. 

.08 

"".'63" 
.06 
.07 


.06 






Tr. 






.01 
.03 
Tr. 

.03 


.05 


4 




.02 
Tr. 

Tr. 
.01 
Tr. 










Tr. 


5 


" Tr." 


.44 
.04 










Tr. 


6 









Tr. 




7 










8 










.06 










9 






.17 

.34 
.06 

"'.'62' 
.04 


.06 
.32 












10 


Tr. 




.02 

Tr. 
Tr. 




.32 

.24 
.01 
.14 
.02 
.30 

.10 
.33 
Tr. 


.04 

.49 
.32 








11 


Tr. 




.05 


12 










.04 


13 






.19 








.05 


14 






Tr. 




.06 






15 






Tr. 






.07 


16 








Tr. 






Tr. 

.03 
.04 
.02 
.01 


.06 


17 






.06 
Tr. 
.07 
Tr. 










.02 


Tr. 


18 








Tr. 

.65 
.07 

.02 
.06 








19 














Tr. 


20 














.05 


.11 


21 














.08 


22 








Tr. 












.02 
Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 


.01 


23 






.07 
.02 








.06 
.10 
.03 

.08 
Tr. 
.06 
.01 
.02 




.04 


24 
















Tr. 


25 








Tr. 

.04 
Tr. 










26 










.02 








27 


Tr. 

.03 
Tr. 











.58 
.02 








28 








.01 






.08 
.02 




29 




.06 
Tr. 




Tr. 

.86 
.48 




30 










31 










.53 
































.27 




.39 


.97 


2.87 


1.26 




2.65 


1.21 


.13 


.29 


.80 



28 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY OP YUKON-TAKAI^A REGION, ALASKA.. 

Daily precipitation, in inches, at Eagle, 1906-1912 — Continued. 



Day. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1912. 
1 








Tr. 




0.06 
.44 
.05 


""6."i6" 


0.05 


"6' 08' 
Tr. 
.12 

"".'os' 


0.06 






2 










0.11 


3 








Tr. 


Tr. 






Tr. 


4 










.03 
.03 

.13 
.93 


Tr. 

.06 

.02 


Tr. 


.05 


5 






0.01 




Tr. 

0.06 
.06 
.04 


Tr. 




.04 


6 






.08 


7 










.06 
.06 
.13 




.13 


8 
















9 




0.01 




Tr. 






.14 


.30 
.04 






10 




.14 

.44 

.17 
.04 


.21 

.92 
.07 






11 










.01 


"".'62' 
.02 
Tr. 
.43 

.05 






12 










.02 


.47 






13 
















14 




.15 
Tr. 










Tr. 


.10 
.04 

.06 
.10 
.05 




Tr. 


15 












16 












.09 
.04 
.05 
.07 
.01 

.02 




.01 


17 












.13 
.04 
.02 
.35 

.65 


Tr. 
Tr. 

.06 

.03 


Tr. 


18 












.14 
.04 
.30 

.01 
.06 
.12 
.02 




19 
















20 
















.11 


21 
















.23 


22 










Tr. 


Tr. 
.04 
.04 
.22 

Tr. 


. . . . 

0.12 
.12 
Tr. 


.13 


23 
















.06 


24 




.10 
.03 








Tr. 






.02 


25 




.02 

.01 
.05 
.02 










.01 


26 










.35 
Tr. 






.02 


27 








Tr. 

.08 

.18 




Tr. 
.02 


.04 


.01 


28 






.09 


29 








.01 
.02 








30 












Tr. 






Tr. 


31 










Tr. 




.06 
































.29 


.11 


Tr. 


.43 


2.09 


2.92 


2.48 


.76 


1.66 


.24 


1.10 



Daily precipitation, in inches, at Fairbanks, 1906-1912. 



Day. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1906. 
1 
















0.04 
.01 










2 








Tr. 
0.40 


• ... 

Tr. 




0.11 


0.03 


" Tr".' 
Tr. 
Tr. 

Tr. 
Tr. 


Tr. 




3 


0.30 
.02 
Tr. 

.02 








4 


0.02 




0.05 
.03 

Tr. 




.13 

.05 


"'.'22' 

.05 
.10 
.10 


.04 
.01 

"'.'6i" 






5 










6 












7 






Tr. 


0.33 


.01 
.06 
.06 






8 


.10 




Tr. 






9 




Tr. 






0.04 






10 








.10 










11 










.10 




.12 










12 














.02 
.01 
.10 
.03 

.09 






13 










.10 
.15 






.02 
.15 


.02 






14 


.10 

.75 

.20 








"".'42' 


.09 

.47 






15 












16 










.03 


'"".'i3* 

.01 






17 


.25 
.02 
















18 








.03 














19 
















0.15 
.05 


0.20 


20 






















.05 


21 


.05 




Tr. 








.02 
.13 
.01 


.05 
.20 








22 






.03 








.05 


23 


















.05 


24 












.04 
.02 


.29 






....... 




25 






0.08 

Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 
.05 
Tr. 












.05 


26 










.62 
.15 
.31 
.43 
.04 
.13 








.40 
.05 


.40 


27 


.05 


.08 














.10 


28 








.04 
.02 






Tr. 


29.. 


















Tr. 


30 


.12 












.01 




.20 


31 












.05 


























1.71 


.37 


.13 


.50 


.36 


.94 


2.82 


1.50 


.25 


.30 


.65 


1.15 



GENERAL FEATURES. 
Daily precipitation, in inches, at Fairbanks, 1906-1912 — Continued. 



29 



Day. 


Jan, 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1907. 
1 


0.05 
.22 
.16 
.35 
.35 

.04 














0.72 
.01 




0.02 


0.05 




2 




0.05 












3 








0.04 






.02 
.03 




4 




.04 
Tr. 










0.18 
.03 


Tr. 
Tr. 

.10 
.20 
.05 
.09 
.23 

.50 
.25 


0.05 


.1 . .. 






0.15 

.09 
.11 
.07 


Tr. 
.35 
.01 


Tr. 
.13 


.12 


ft 




Tr. 




7 










Tr. 


fi 


.36 
.75 










.01 


.18 
.02 
.05 

.23 
.71 




Q 




.04 




0.15 


.25 




10 


.15 

.05 
Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 
.02 

.18 
.10 
.02 
Tr. 
Tr. 

Tr. 
Tr. 


.02 
.05 
Tr. 


.25 




11 


.20 




.17 
.40 
.17 
.05 
.30 








.10 


12 






.06 


13 








.06 


.05 




Tr. 
.20 

.30 
.05 








.03 






15 


0.03 




.01 

.19 
Tr. 
.09 
Tr. 
.14 

'".'6i' 


.09 


,22 

.27 






ifi 
























18 




.80 
.40 
.10 






.12 






















.20 




.02 


20 










Tr. 

.05 
Tr. 
.18 
.12 

Tr. 


.15 

.15 

.16 
.37 
.01 




21 - -- 


.02 














22 














.02 


23 


.20 
.05 
Tr. 














.05 














.25 
.18 

.05 








25 




.20 














26 




























Tr. 
.23 
.30 








.12 


28 


















.30 
.47 
















.13 
.01 


'"'.'i2" 


.13 


.35 
.50 






30 


























































3.30 




2.42 


.03 


.35 


1.47 


1.51 


1.81 


3.58 


2.44 


.35 


.59 


1 












.18 
" Tr".' 


"".'ie' 
.12 
.01 


.11 
.20 
.02 


.21 

.09 
.63 
.12 
.03 

.01 
.02 


















.02 








3 
















4 ::::::.:..-- 






.50 
.10 












5 






.05 




.05 








6 






.06 
.06 
.23 
.01 




""."io" 

.02 


Tr. 










.07 


Tr. 
Tr. 


'"'69" 


Tr. 
.06 


.11 


8 




0.05 


.20 


9 




.02 






10 


















11 










.02 
Tr. 


.18 
Tr. 
.13 
.02 
.15 




Tr. 


" Tr.' 
.03 


.16 




.05 














13 














Tr. 


















Tr. 


Tr. 

Tr. 

.02 
Tr. 
.02 
.04 
.03 

.17 
.03 






15 












.01 

Tr. 
Tr. 
.33 
.02 








16 


.04 




























'"".04 


.46 
.05 


.04 


18 


.05 
.12 










.03 


.04 
.01 




19 




.08 
.03 

.04 








20 














21 








.21 
Tr. 
.02 


.12 
























.22 


23 












Tr. 
Tr. 
.02 

Tr. 




.15 




.03 




.08 
.02 

.01 


.03 

'""."io' 

.03 


.20 
Tr. 

Tr. 
.08 


.03 
.01 




.03 




25 












26 






.02 
.01 
Tr. 
.01 














Tr. 
.11 
Tr. 
Tr. 












28 




.04 


.01 
Tr. 










29 




Tr. 
Tr. 


"".QQ 










30 
























































.42 


.21 


1.10 


.11 


.52 


.96 


.73 


.71 


1.53 


.47 


.51 


.65 



30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAITA REGIOK, ALASKA. 

Daily precipitation, in inches, at Fairbanks, 1906-1912 — Continued. 



Day. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1909. 
1 








Tr. 
" Tr.' 












0.20 
.10 


'" Tr'.' 


Tr. 


2 






0.02 


0.12 




Tr. 
0.03 




0.06 


0.20 


3 






.10 


4 










0.02 










5 








Tr. 
















6 
















.10 
.01 








7 


0.65 
.01 








.14 
Tr. 




.29 
.12 
.01 










8 














9 










.01 








10 


.01 

.01 
.15 


















11 






0.32 
.25 


'"".'07' 


.15 
Tr. 


.12 








Tr. 


Tr. 


12 








.01 
.09 


.15 
.04 
.20 




13 








.15 
.01 
.01 








14 












0.10 
.10 

.20 




15 












.01 








16 








.06 












17 






















18 


















.11 





Tr. 




19 




















20 






















.12 




21 








Tr. 


Tr. 


.03 






Tr. 

Tr. 




.50 


22 






Tr. 
.03 












23 










.10 
.93 
.02 

.08 
.15 


.72 
.13 




Tr. 






24 


















25 




0.08 


















26 


.07 






.05 


.13 
.01 
.01 
.04 
.07 
.05 








Tr. 


Tr. 


27 
















28 
















.06 






29 












.09 
.06 










30 






















31 


Tr. 




Tr. 




































.90 


.08 


.05 


.66 


.38 1.64 


1.90 


1.73 


.39 


.75 


.52 


.80 


1910. 
1 


















.11 






Tr. 


2 
























3 


.05 










Tr. 
.06 
Tr. 














4 






Tr. 
















5 












.38 
Tr. 


Tr. 






6 










Tr. 
Tr. 


Tr. 






.60 


7 


.22 






Tr. 
.35 
.01 






Tr. 


8. 




















9 










Tr. 
1.45 

.05 














10 




















11 






Tr. 












Tr. 






12 




.14 
















13. 






Tr. 






Tr. 






.20 






14 


.10 

.18 












.55 
.36 

.12 
.36 
.03 


Tr. 




15... 


















16 








Tr. 


Tr. 
Tr. 




0.20 
.21 
.75 
.10 
.17 

Tr. 




Tr. 




17 












18 






Tr. 












19 












.11 
Tr. 

.15 
Tr. 
Tr. 
.09 
Tr. 








20... 






.01 




Tr. 
.12 


Tr. 










21 










Tr. 
.45 
Tr. 
Tr. 




22 


.15 












.16 


23 


Tr. 










Tr. 

.26 





.23 
.22 
.01 

Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 




24 














25... 
















26 






Tr. 






.60 


Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 




.05 




27 






Tr. 






28 














.08 




29. 


















30 






.01 








.11 












31.. 








■ .27 








































.70 


.14 


.02 


.36 


.39 


2.16 


.46 1.69 1.91 


.66 


.58 .76 



GENEKAL FEATURES. 31 

Daily precipitation, in inches, at Fairbanks, 1906-1912 — Continued. 



Day. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1911. 
1 


Tr. 
0.40 










Tr. 


0.28 





0.51 
.05 








2 


0.50 












0.15 


3 






1.05 






Tr. 




0.19 


.05 


4 












.40 
.18 








5 
















Tr. 


.20 




6 




Tr. 














7 








I 


.12 
.24 


O.IS 
.09 








.03 


8 












Tr. 










9 


Tr. 
.25 


Tr. 


0.06 




Tr. 

Tr. 


.02 
.10 

.06 






.09 


10 






.75 
.07 






.10 


11 










.40 






.03 


12 


' 








0.08 




.04 


13 


.20 














.13 
.61 
.40 

.04 
.01 




20 


14 














.10 






.02 


15 




















.05 


16 















.08 
Tr. 
.25 





.06 






17 














.10 




18 


Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 

Tr. 
Tr. 








Tr. 




























20 






















.11 


21 


















.08 




.06 


22 


















.06 


23 


.12 














.23 
.12 
.12 

.11 

.02 
.09 
.07 








24 




















.03 


25 






















.04 


26 


.30 












.03 
.17 


.01 
.02 
Tr. 
.02 
Tr. 






.02 










Tr. 

.50 

. Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 








.02 


28 


.35 












.13 












Tr. 
.01 








30 
















31 












































1.50 


.62 


.06 


1.55 




2.16 


2.30 


1.60 


.22 


.49 


1.23 


1912. 
1 












0.25 
.15 
.05 






.12 
.14 
.07 
.10 
.01 

Tr. 






2 


.05 


















3 




.07 








.06 
.11 

















Tr. 




5 






.05 
.05 




.16 

.03 
.06 
.06 
.22 






1 


6 






.02 








1 


7 








Tr. 






8 


















1 


9 




.03 














Tr. 


1 


10 












.30 
.01 






11 










.02 


"".m 


.02 


















.01 


.05 




13 












.04 
.20 












.03 












Tr. 








15 










.13 

.20 
.03 
.09 
.43 




Tr. 

Tr. 
.09 




16 






.66 






.01 
.19 
.07 
.06 
.24 

.02 
.01 

"".'oi" 

.07 
.02 


Tr. 
Tr. 
.01 

" Tr'.' 

.08 
Tr. 
.02 
.08 
Tr. 

.15 


.16 
.09 
.05 
.02 
.13 

Tr. 


.12 

.08 
















18 














19 


.05 










.10 
.05 


1 


20 










1 


21 




.02 




















.03 
.02 


.17 
.32 
.22 
.01 

.84 
.15 


.06 


i 




23 














24 






.03 












25 


















26 




.09 






. 








27 ...__ 








Tr. 




.15 




28 










.50 




29 












Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 




.26 








30 














.08 






31 










.12 


































.10 


.10 


.95 




1.22 


3.15 


.96 


.82 


1.16 


.54 


.24 





32 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGIOK, ALASKA. 

Daily precipitation, in inches, at Poker Creeh, 1907-1909. 



Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1907. 
1 












1907. 

16 

17 

18 

19 


0.01 
.01 
.07 


0.10 








2 




" 'Tr'.' 






0.15 
.30 
.20 
Tr. 








3 
















4 




0.10 


Tr. 
0.05 

.30 
.10 


0.08 




0.13 






5 




20 




.40 

.13 

.27 
.15 






6 . -. 


0.05 
.24 


"".'6i' 

.02 
.01 
Tr. 

.63 

.88 


21 

22 

23. 

24 

25 

26 


.13 
.02 
.13 
.04 
.15 








7 . . 










0.05 


8 










.05 


9 


.33 
.05 


.17 
.30 

.20 
.10 


.10 










10 










11 


.03 


.10 










12 




27 










.04 


13 






.18 


28 

29 

30 


.02 
.15 


'"".'36' 


.20 
.15 






14 










0.04 




1*^ 




70 


Tr. 
















31 




























1.40 


3.70 


1.70 


.25 


1.07 



Day. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1908. 
1 






0.04 
.03 


0.02 


"""6.'62' 
.06 
.33 

.01 
.12 


0.11 
.40 


0.10 
.12 


0.40 
.32 
.30 
.02 








2 












3 












4 




















5 








Tr. 










Tr. 


6 








.10 
.16 
.71 


'""'64' 


Tr. 

""'."63" 
.04 








7 










0.08 






8 












0.38 


9 








.03 
.04 

Tr. 
.02 
.08 










10 








.03 

.13 
.13 

.06 
.23 












11 








.04 
.05 
.05 






.08 
.12 
.06 


"""6*63' 


.04 


12 












.11 


13 


Tr. 












14 






Tr. 
.30 

.07 
.07 
.01 

'"".08 

.15 




.04 


15 














Tr. 




16 












.12 
""".'63' 


Tr. 

.16 

1.00 

.05 






17 










.47 
.02 
.05 


""".'32" 


.28 




18 


Tr. 










19 










.02 


20 


0.06 








Tr. 


21 






.02 
Tr. 
Tr. 


.12 


.03 


Tr. 
.08 
.05 








22 














23 










Tr. 
.04 
Tr. 




.09 






24 






Tr. 
.35 

Tr. 




25 




















26 


.12 
.80 
.34 














.04 




27 




.02 
""'Tr'" 












28 






.10 

.18 
.05 
.04 


.18 












29 
















30 




















31 




















.62 


























1.32 




.42 


.58 


1.80 


2.02 


.99 


2.45 


.75 


.35 


.61 



GENEEAL FEATURES. 



33 





Daily precipitation, in i 


nches, < 


It Poker Creek 


, 1907- 


1909— 


Continued. 




Pay. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


•Tuly. 


Aug. 


1 


1909. 








Tr. 






Tr. 

0.18 

.06 


0.21 


2 








0.06 




.20 


3 








Tr. 




4 












Tr. 


5 
















.28 


6 










Tr. 
.15 
.02 


'"'6.' 64" 


Tr. 
Tr. 
.24 
.08 
.10 




7 


0.20 










8 








.24 


9 










.59 


10 .... 


.38 










.08 


.03 


11 








0.21 


.27 


.02 


12 


.10 








Tr. 
.22 




13 














U 














.17 


15 








.10 
.11 










16 




















0.02 
Tr. 












18 












.24 


.07 
















20 
















.05 










Tr. 
Tr. 


.20 
.13 








22 






Tr. 
0.03 


"""."63' 


""""."75" 




23 








24 




.02 

.05 




Tr. 

.20 

.08 


.07 


25 




Tr. 
Tr. 




.04 

.06 
.25 






26 




.14 












28 




























Tr. 
.12 






30 






























.08 
























.68 


.09 


.03 


.42 


1.11 


1.22 


2.01 


2.01 



Daily precipitation, in inches, at Cleary, Faith Creek, and Summit Roadhouse, 1907. 



Day. 


Cleary. 


Faith Creek. 


Summit Road- 
house. 




June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


July. 


Aug. 


July. 


Aug. 


1 






1.17 
.12 






0.49 
.19 




1.27 


2 








0.02 


.06 


3 




0.09 




4 




.09 


0.08 
.14 


'""'.'64" 


.20 
.03 

.11 

.15 
.15 
.10 
.02 






5 










6 






.04 
.22 

"'".'46' 
.08 


0.30 
.06 

""""."so" 

.12 
.22 


.27 


7 




.30 
.09 


.12 
.11 

.22 


.14 

""'"."63" 
.14 


.07 


8 




.42 


9 




.11 


10 




.47 

.09 
.32 




11 






12 






.21 
.80 




13 




.03 
.05 

.28 

.11 
.01 
.35 


.01 

"""".'67" 
.04 

'"*"."6i" 




14 








.30 
.05 

.24 
.03 
.24 
.13 




15 




.19 

.20 
.01 
.15 




.85 




16 






17 








.09 


IS 




.05 






19 






20 








.15 


.13 






21 












.19 


22 






.10 
.11 
.09 
.13 


.52 
.23 




.13 




.04 


23 






.20 


24 




.27 


.23 


.15 
.36 

.03 


.22 
.15 

.02 


.13 


25 




.03 


26 




.12 
.07 




.31 




27 


0.01 
.41 
.42 








28 








.09 
.54 
.13 


"'"."is" 


.26 


29 


.06 
.12 


.22 






.13 


30 


.39 







31 




























a. 84 


2.55 


2.88 


3.82 


1.87 


3.00 


2.71 


3.27 



42913° — wsp 342—15- 



a June 25-30. 



34 



SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAITA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily precipitation, in inches, at Charity Creek, 1908. 



Day. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


1 




0.01 


0.20 


"'6.' is' 

.02 


0.03 
.10 
.01 


0.37 
.20 
.44 
.05 




2 






3 






Tr. 
Tr. 
.25 

.10 
.08 




4 








5 






.17 

.29 
.40 

.28 






6 






""t'r'.' 
.35 


.10 
.07 
.04 


0.08 


7 








8 






Tr. 


9 




.03 
.02 

.01 






10 




Tr. 

Tr. 
.11 
.01 
.31 
.05 

.05 
Tr. 
.04 
Tr. 
Tr. 

.04 


.02 

.31 
.32 








11 








Tr. 


12 








.05 


13 




.05 






.05 


14 




.08 
.27 

'"'Tr'.' 

'"'Tr'.' 
.10 
.02 
.06 


.34 
.07 

.20 
.20 
.20 
.05 
.01 

.19 






15 










16 






.06 
.08 
.38 
.30 


.01 


17 








18 








19 






.01 


20 








21 










22 






Tr. 
.18 
.01 




23 










24 










25 


0.08 








26 






Tr. 
.28 
.15 
.15 






27 


.03 


.02 
.13 


.03 
'"".'06* 


"".'25' 
.03 






28 






29 








30 










31 


































o.ll 


.27 


1.33 


2.80 


2.33 


2.28 


.20 



a 33 inches of snow on ground at end of April. 
Daily precipitation, in inches, at Miller House, 1909, 1910, and 1911. 



Day. 


1909 


1910 


1911 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jime. 


Jiiiy. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


1 




0.63 




















2 




0.10 
.20 








0.04 






0.93 




3 


















4 


















.48 




5 












0.59 




0.43 






6 


















7 
























g 










0.10 
.12 

.05 














9 - . .. 










.05 












10 


















11 




















12 


0.20 






















13 























14 . 






















0.08 


15 
















.60 






.10 


16 








0.30 






.02 
.04 
.05 








17 















0.24 
.10 






18 












1.00 






19 
















20 


.10 
.10 










.15 
.02 












21 








.23 
.15 












22 


.20 
















23 1 






.06 












24 




















25 














.15 










26 










.14 












27 






















28 










.77 
.30 
.08 








.31 
.15 






29 


""."26' 








.44 










30 
















31 




.10 






.06 


































.60 


.93 


.30 


.30 


1.94 


2.37 


.30 


1.03 


1.80 


1.41 


.18 



GENEKAL FEATURES. 35 

Daily precipitation, in inches, at Chicken Creek, 1911-12. 



Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


1911. 
1 


0.08 














2 


0.03 
.12 










0.05 


3 




0.15 
.05 






0.05 
.18 
.02 




4 






0.05 
.20 

.10 




5 




.15 
.15 




6 


.10 








7 








.05 


8 






.02 










9 














10 




.05 


.20 


0.05 

.30 
.25 








11 








.08 


12 












.08 


13 












.10 


14 




.25 


.08 
.03 




.05 












.18 


16 
















.17 




.05 




.10 


.05 




18 




















20 














.25 


21 




.08 


























23 




.07 




.05 








24 






.05 












.10 

.05 
.17 
.05 






26 .. 


.05 


.10 
.08 


















28 


.05 






.10 










.10 




30 




















.10 


























.45 


1.08 


.68 


1.02 


.50 


a. 45 


a. 89 



Day. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1912. 
1 


0.08 










0.15 
.15 








2 












0.15 




3 


.05 


1 








4 


1 






.10 








5 










1 




6 








0.20 






.40 
.01 




7 
















8 ;::;:; 








.25 
.05 








9: 1 


0.10 






.05 




0.20 


10 








0.05 


.20 
.90 




11 
















12 


















13 ! 










.55 
.03 
.25 

.35 


.10 
.03 






14 


.12 












15::: 1 










.16 


16 


















17 
















.30 


18 








1 






.02 


.10 


19 








1 






.40 


20 


.05 










.10 

.20 
.20 
.15 
.10 








21 










.30 


.08 




22 




.18 










23 1 














24 1 


.30 
.10 








.12 


.32 
.25 

.18 




25 1 










26 












.03 




27 
















28 










.22 
.30 










29 


















30 












.05 


. . .• 30 


31 




































a. 18 


a. 80 








1.02 


2.38 


.68 


2.51 


1.40 



a One-tenth of snowfall. 



36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOIT-TANAITA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily precipitation, in inches, at Crooked Creeh, 1911 and 1912. 



Day. 


1911 


1912 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


1 


0.13 
.03 








0.04 
.42 


'"6." 35' 


0.91 
.12 

.05 


'"6 ."62' 

.13 


0.31 


2 


'"q.m 


0.06 




.03 


3 




4 














5 


.10 

.33 
.04 






0.02 








.02 


6 










.22 
1.20 




.01 


^ 


.13 




.14 
.14 








8 


.30 
.15 




.04 
.07 




9 












.18 


10 . 






.20 




.25 
.33 


.12 

.91 
.02 


.38 


11 




.52 




.14 




12 




.58 




.04 
.14 




13 .. 


.05 
.19 


.16 
.03 
.60 

.05 
.20 
.12 
.02 




.04 


.15 
.22 




14 .. 






y 


15... . 






.15 




.02 
.05 




16 . ...1 












17 . ..1 






.10 


.26 
.05 
.18 


.05 
.47 
.03 




is . . : 1 






.15 
.01 
.05 

.03 














20 1 










21 


.84 
.05 








.10 
.03 
.03 
.20 
.10 

.35 


1.30 

""".■75' 
.05 


.20 
.03 














23 . 












24 


.09 
.03 

.44 
.10 




























26 


""."62" 


.38 
.05 
.03 




.33 










.40 






28 : 


.03 
.60 




.02 
.02 
.11 






29 


.10 










30 


.19 










31 






































2.52 


2.18 


1.30 


.93 


2.25 


4.37 


4.73 


.75 


0.93 



a Oct. 1-10. 

Daily precipitation, in inches, at Discovery Forh, 1911 and 1912. 



Day. 


1911 


1912 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


1 




0.10 










Tr. 
0.37 


""6." 25" 


0.23 


2 














3 






Tr. 

0.19 

Tr. 


Tr. 






Tr. 


4 




.05 
Tr. 










Tr. 


5 














.06 


6 








0.07 






.40 


7 




.01 
.19 
.26 








.17 
.16 

.04 




.35 


8 






Tr. 




.10 




9 




Tr. 
.10 

.10 
.18 




10 




.12 


0.70 


0.38 

.30 
.03 




.08 


11 




Tr. 

.17 




Tr. 

.15 


.95 


12 




"".'67' 
.14 


Tr. 
.15 
Tr. 
.30 

.15 
.15 
.10 
Tr. 


.04 


13 




Tr. 


14 










Tr. 
.37 


Tr. 
.12 

.12 
.04 
.05 
Tr. 
.15 

.43 




15 












16 














17 
















18 


0.08 
.50 
.03 










Tr. 
Tr. 


.28 


19 




Tr. 
Tr. 

.47 








20 






Tr. 


21 








.22 
Tr. 
Tr. 
.33 


.05 


22 


Tr. 










Tr. 


23 




Tr. 

.57 




.23 
Tr. 

.07 

Tr. 
.12 
.02 




.03 


24... . 


Tr. 






25 






26 .. 1 




.56 
.24 


■"".'27' 






.23 




27 1 


.27 
.19 






Tr. 


28 




.32 
.04 


■■■Tr.' 


.05 
Tr. 
.25 
.25 




29 


.17 
1.16 

.47 








30 






.41 






31 
































a 2. 41 


1.24 


2.36 


2.23 


1.15 


.53 


1.81 


2.32 


2.47 



a May 17-31. 



GENERAL FEATURES. 



37 



Monthly precipitation, in inches, at stations in Yukon- Tanana region, 1903-1912. 

[Rainfall or melted snow is given in the first line; snowfall in the second line. Melted snow as a rule is 

taken as one-tenth of the snowfall.] 



Station. 


Year. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


An- 
nual. 


Central 


1906{ 
1907{ 
1906{ 
1907{ 
1908| 
1909/ 

1908/ 

1911 
1912 
1907 
1911 
1912 
1911 
1912 
1903 
1905 

1906{ 
1907{ 
1908| 

1909| 

1910 
1911 
1912 
1908 
1904 

1905| 
1906| 
1907/ 

1908| 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1907 
1903 
1904 
1905 

1906{ 
1907/ 
1908/ 

1909/ 

1910 
1911 
1912 

1909/ 

1910/ 

1904 
1905 

1906/ 
1907/ 
1908/ 
1909/ 


0.56 
6.1 
1.04 
10.0 


0.06 
1.0 
.42 
4.0 


0.05 
1.4 
2.57 
4.0 


0.47 
4.7 
.93 
8.0 


0.86 
2.0 
.57 
1.5 


4.91 


4.82 


1.85 


0.52 


0.70 
7.0 


0.80 
8.0 


0.35 
4.0 


15.95 
34.2 




2.21 


1.40 








Do 




















1 






.75 
9.5 

.63 
8.2 
1.11 
11.2 




Circle 




























1.02 
8.5 
1.23 
9.2 
.44 
4.5 


.57 

7.8 
.25 

2.5 
.47 

5.2 


.28 
3.25 

.76 
6.8 

.17 
1.0 


.15 


.29 




1.36 


2.79 


1.73 








Do 








Do 


1.45 
8.0 

.75 
3.0 

.11 


.29 


.20 


.87 


1.08 


2.21 


.40 
3.0 


.75 
8.5 


10.60 
51.2 




.60 


2.24 


3.25 


1.02 






Do 












Charity Creek. 


.27 


1.33 


2.80 


2.33 


2.28 


.20 
3.0 
.50 




















Chicken Creek 












.45 
2.38 

.84 


1.08 
.68 
2.55 
2.52 
4.37 
2.36 
2.32 
2.40 
1.52 
2.54 


.68 
2.51 
2.88 
2.18 
4.73 
2.23 
2.47 

.97 
2.72 
1,28 


1.02 
1.40 
3.82 
1.30 
.75 
1.15 


.45 


.89 




Do 


.18 


.80 








i.62 




Cleary 










Crooked Creek 




















Do 










.93 
2.41 

.53 
1.38 

.33 

.54 


2.25 
1.24 
1.81 

.57 
1.95 

.51 


a. 93 








DiscoveryFork 
Do 























.12 










Eagle b 

Do . . 


.58 


.81 


.54 


2.97 

3.38 

.01 










2.96 
1.71 

.46 
1.12 
13.0 

.18 
6.0 

.28 
11.7 

.69 

.13 
1.66 


.93 
.51 

8.5 
.40 

4.0 
.82 

7.0 
.70 

3.0 
.25 
.29 
.24 


.68 
.07 
1.0 
.31 




Do 


'iaK 
2.0 
.12 
3.0 

.16 
2.0 
.83 

.27 


.14 
1.0 

.20 
2.0 

.25 
2.5 

.07 
1.0 

.01 

.24 

.29 


2.19 
11.0 




.75 

7.5 
.11 

1.0 
.53 
.39 
.11 


.00 




Do 


.25 
.15 
.10 

1.0 
.34 

2.0 
.25 
.97 
Tr. 


.40 

.55 

1.02 


1.89 


1.48 


1.98 


1.45 


10.93 


Do 


2.16 


2.47 


1.02 


1.48 


1.09 
11.0 
.23 


11.46 
38.0 


Do 


.28 


2.35 


1.77 


.95 


.88 
6.1 
2.98 
1.21 

.76 


7.82 


Do 

Do 

Do 

Eagle Creek... 
Fairbanks 


.28 

2.87 

.43 


1.05 
1.26 
2.09 


2.28 
2.36 
2.52 


2.63 
2.65 
2.48 
2.99 


.30 

.80 

1.10 


12.08 
13.44 




















1.10 
1.20 
12.0 

.65 
6.5 

.35 
3.5 

.51 


2.00 
.60 

5.1 

1.15 
11.5 
.59 

5.9 
.65 

8.1 
.80 
.76 

1.23 






.92 
9.1 
1.71 
17.5 
3.30 
33.0 

.42 
4.2 

.90 

.70 
1.50 

.10 


.50 

5.0 
.37 

3.7 
.86 

8.6 
.21 

2.0 
.08 
.14 
.80 
.10 


.05 
.5 
.13 
3.3 
2.42 
24.2 
1.10 
11.0 
.05 
.02 
.06 
.95 


.20 

2.0 
.50 

1.0 
.03 
.3 
.11 
.8 
.66 
.36 
.„... 








2.63 


.86 






Do 










Do 


.36 


.94 


2.82 


1.50 


.25 


.30 
.6 

2.44 
24.4 
.47 


10.89 
44.1 


Do 


.35 


1.47 


1.51 


1.81 


3.58 


18.71 
99.9 


Do 


.52 


.96 


.73 


.71 


1.53 


7.92 
26.2 


Do 

Do 

Do 

Do . . 


.38 

.39 

.12 

1.22 


1.64 
2.16 

"3." is' 


1.90 
.46 
2.16 
.96 
1.87 
1.76 
1.95 
4.90 


1.73 
1.69 
2.30 

.82 
3.00 

"i'so' 

3.02 


.39 

1.91 

1.60 

1.16 

2.97 

.48 

.35 

.59 


.75 
.66 
.22 
.54 


.52 
.58 
.29 
.24 


9.80 
9.83 


Faith Creek... 






Fort Gibbon . . 

Do 

Do 

Do 


.37 
.08 
.37 
.65 

6.0 

1.26 
12.6 
.23 

4.0 
.05 
.5 

1.23 
.94 
.08 


.73 
.55 
.47 
.20 
2.0 

".'26' 
6.0 

.10 

.5 

.08 
1.63 

.65 


1.14 
.35 
Tr. 
.30 

3.0 
.53 

5.0 
.90 
17.0 
.37 

'".m 

.38 
1.16 


.23 
.09 
.32 
Tr. 


.16 

.22 

.84 

1.00 


.38 

.33 

1.50 


.22 
.39 
.50 

6.50 
C5.0 

1.22 
12.0 
.45 

6.0 
.49 

4.8 
.38 
.44 
.87 
.44 

4.4 


.33 

.07 
1.10 

.99 
9.9 

.03 
1.5 

.08 

".'46' 
4.6 

".'ie' 

.08 
1.10 
11.0 


Tr. 
.70 
.18 
.27 
2.7 
.31 


"8." 88 
13.79 












Do 


6 






.39 

2.2 
.28 
.77 
.02 


.30 




2.58 


2.31 


2.32 
4.0 
1.60 
2.25 
.90 




Do 


1.16 




.96 


1.13 


.60 
6.5 

.80 
8.0 

.59 




Do 


1.51 


.77 


1.49 


2.27 


9.60 
20.6 


Do 

Do 


.69 
1.53 
1.18 


.57 

.27 

2.06 


1.79 
1.41 
1.59 
1.76 


2.26 
2.19 
3.24 
3.19 


.74 
1.53 
1.15 

.25 




Do 


.36 
2.26 
22.6 


12.44 


Hot Springs. . . 


















1.64 
16.4 


.03 
.3 


.60 
6.0 


.20 
2.0 


.34 
3.4 
1.80 

.20 
1.69 


.76 


d2.16 




1.32 




Do 










Kechumstuk. . 


.83 
1.58 
1.61 


2.23 

.40 

3.25 


.94 
1.48 
2.51 


.64 

2.16 

.51 


.30 
1.18 

.31 
4.3 

.72 
9.0 


. 

.03 

.36 

.29 

.5 

.40 

4.0 
.90 

9.0 


.23 
.20 
.20 
3.0 




Do 

Do 


.90 
.36 

4.0 
.12 

2.0 










.10 

.05 

.5 

.20 
3.0 



.30 

.5 


.05 

.06 
1.0 

.27 
4.0 

.41 
5.0 

.10 
1.0 


.40 
.27 
5.0 
Tr. 

""."46' 
4.0 
.20 


9.01 
11.11 
18.3 




1.30 
12.0 
1.78 


2.03 


1.60 


2.14 


.49 
2.0 
1.35 




Do 






Do 


1.77 


2.30 


2.22 


.20 
2.0 










3.66 


3.39 










Do 















a Oct. 1-10. b Records at Fort Egbert to June, 1909. c Oct. 7-31. d July 16-31. 



38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION", ALASKA. 

Monthly precipitation, in inches, at stations in Yukon-Tanana region, 1903-1912 — 

Continued. 



Station. 


Year. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


An- 
nual. 




1909<( 

1910 
1911 
1905 

isos/ 

1907{ 

1908{ 

1907{ 

1908/ 

1909| 

1905 

1906/ 

1907{ 

1908/ 

1909/ 

1910/ 

1911 
1912 

1907 

1904 
1905 
1906 














2.98 


1.26 


.60 
4.0 
1.03 


.93 
8.0 


.30 
3.0 


.30 
3.0 




Miller House.. 
















Do . 








.20 




1.94 
.80 


2.37 
1,41 


.30 

.18 

1.91 

1.01 




Do 
















North Fork 












1.86 
.72 


".'42' 
3.2 
1.40 

12.0 


.50 
.55 

4.5 
.20 

2.0 


.20 
.38 
4.5 




Do 


.70 
7.0 

.69 
15.5 

.50 
5.0 


.50 
5.0 

.28 
3.0 


.10 
1.0 

.27 
3.0 


.80 
8.0 
Tr. 


1.98 


2.74 


2.69 


12.59 
33.2 




1.34 
4.0 


1.92 


1.57 


3.19 


2.0 
5.0 




Do 


















Do 


Tr. 




































1.40 


3.70 


1.70 
24.0 
.75 
6.9 


.25 
3.3 
.35 

4.4 


1.07 
6.8 
.61 
12.6 




Poker Creek. . . 


















Do 


".'68' 
8.8 


1.32 
10.5 

.09 
2.0 


".'63' 
.5 


.42 
5.0 

.42 
8.0 


.58 


1.80 


2.02 


.99 


2.45 

4.5 






1.11 
2.5 


1.22 


2.01 


2.01 




Do 












Rampart 


1.33 
.15 


1.99 
1.86 


2.19 
2.40 


1.70 
.59 


1.20 
.61 


1.43 

.95 
10.2 

.55 
6.3 

.73 
3.6 

.35 
3.6 

.26 
3.5 

.21 

.27 


.33 
.33 

3.5 

1.26 




Do 


.63 
7.2 
1.17 
12.0 
1.08 
11.5 
.09 
1.4 
.84 
11.1 
1.05 
.13 


.08 
2.0 

.44 
4.5 

.52 
6.9 

.10 
1.2 

.08 

.8 
2.20 

.45 


.17 

1.8 
1.17 
12.8 

.81 
8.1 

.37 
6.2 

.36 
4.7 

.31 

.81 


.04 
.5 
.02 
2.5 

.58 


.40 


8.21 
25.2 


Do........ 


.44 


1.64 


2.29 


3.38 


2.52 


.65 


15.53 


Do 


.82 


1.38 


1.13 


.46 


1.56 


.39 
5.1 
1.14 
14.4 

.45 
6.0 

.57 
1.21 


1.14 
16.8 

1.99 
20.2 
.32 

5.0 


10.60 
52.0 


Do 


.51 
5.6 

.07 
1.0 

.75 

.01 


1.04 


.85 


2.01 


1.41 


.36 
1.5 
.43 


10.22 
54.1 


Do 


.20 


.98 


.71 


.62 


5.32 
32.1 


Do 


.48 
.86 


.34 
3.03 


.43 

.54 

2.71 

.78 
.37 


1.12 
1.52 

3.27 

.89 
2.95 


.79 
1.50 

a8..33 

1.06 




Do 

Summit Road 
house 


.59 


10.92 


Tanana Cross- 
ing 










.76 
.14 




.15 
1.40 


.10 
.60 


.90 




Do 


.24 
.30 


.08 
.00 


.18 
Tr. 


.00 




Do 





























a Sept. 1-22. 

Monthly precipitation, in inches, at stations in British Columbia and Yukon Territory, 

1901-1912. 



Station. 


Year. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


An- 
nual. 


Atlin, British 






























Columbia . 


1905 
1906 


















1.06 

.78 


0.48 
1.45 


1.55 

2.55 


0.76 

.88 




Do 


1.37 


0.72 


Tr. 




0.25 


1.74 


i.62 


0.71 




Do 


1907 


.99 


2.18 


.55 


0.09 


-.34 


.32 


.42 


1.48 


.58 


.82 


2.34 


.51 


10.62 


Do 


1908 


1.08 


.60 


1.76 


.08 


.14 


.89 


.21 


.80 


1.96 


1.49 


1.48 


.95 


11.44 


Do 


1909 


.33 


.53 


2.12 


.36 


.49 


.51 


1.92 


1.82 


2.54 


1.37 


.70 


.28 


12.97 


Do 


1910 


.68 


.88 


1.30 


.88 


1.06 


1.28 


2.11 


1.03 


.57 


.62 


.73 


1.17 


12.31 


Do 


1911 


.75 


1.35 


1.17 


.10 


.16 


.74 


.41 


1.69 


1.96 


.59 


1.12 


1.68 


11.72 


Do 


1912 


.80 


.37 


.08 


.26 


.17 


.26 


.50 


1.77 


.51 


1.25 


.60 


1.39 


7.96 


Dawson, Yu- 






























kon Terri- 






























tory 


1901 
1902 












.94 

.86 


1.32 
3.32 


1.64 

2.38 


1.17 
1.17 


2.25 
.92 


1.10 
1.10 


1.55 

.80 




Do 


1.73 


.20 


.00 


.50 


.46 


13.44 


Do 


1903 


.50 


1.35 


.60 


.60 


.39 


.50 


1.11 


1.47 


2.41 


1.25 


.45 


.65 


11.28 


Do 


1904 


.82 


.32 


.20 


.57 


.96 


1.71 


2.14 


1.66 


1.01 


.36 


.80 


1.45 


12.00 


Do 


1905 


.23 


1.30 


.40 


.94 


.97 


.25 


1.93 


2.51 


3.52 


1.84 


.24 


1.24 


15.37 


Do 


1906 


1.26 


.51 


.22 


.42 


2.00 


.92 


1.20 


1.46 


1.14 


.47 


1.55 


.93 


12.08 


Do 


1907 


1.53 


.34 


.^8 


.23 


1.06 


.85 


1.93 


1.28 


2.34 


.47 


2.60 


.62 


14.13 


Do 


1908 


.71 


1.00 


.71 


.32 


1.43 


1.23 


2.43 


1.08 


1.25 


.69 


1.48 


1.96 


14.29 


Do 


1909 


.30 


.48 


1.21 


.64 


.81 


2.66 


2.10 


.81 


2.40 


.96 


.67 


1.17 


14.21 


Do 


1910 


1.31 


.22 


.68 


1.68 


.19 


1.44 


.82 


1.67 


1.34 


1.67 


1.46 


1.60 


14.08 


Do... 


1911 


1.52 


.91 


.77 


1.30 


1.68 


.87 


1.37 


1.39 


.86 


1.60 


1.05 


1.70 


15.02 


Do 


1912 


.20 


1.05 


.60 


.00 


.38 


.75 


2.48 


1.59 


.00 


.00 


1.12 


2.09 


10.26 


White horse, 






























Yukon Ter- 






























ritory 


1904 
1905 






















1.50 
1.20 


.30 
.30 




Do 


1.72 


.00 


.18 


.10 


.15 


.20 


3.30 


.92 


2.10 


1.50 


11.67 


Do 


1906 


.55 


.75 


.00 


.23 


.65 


1.72 


1.55 


1.39 


.55 


.30 


1.10 


.20 


8.99 


Do 


1907 


.55 


.52 


1.45 


.08 


.27 


3.03 


5.10 


1.63 


.86 


.26 


.90 


.30 


14.95 


Do 


1908 
1909 
























.08 
.30 




Do 


.45 


.30 


.40 


2.55 


.64 


.87 


1.98 


2.34 


.97 


.60 


.90 


12.30 


Do 


1910 


.18 


.06 


.30 


.02 


.03 


.66 


4.67 


1.36 


.50 


.00 


.10 


.33 


8.21 


Do 


1911 


.20 





















































GENERAL FEATURES. 39 

Mean monthly precipitation at stations in Yukon- Tanana region and Yukon Territory. 



Station. 



Circle 

Eagle 

Fairbanks... 

Fort Gibbon 

Kechumstnk 

North Fork. 

Rampart 

Atlin, Brit- 
ish Colum- 
bia 

Dawson , 
Yukon 
Territory . 

Whitehorse, 
Yukon 
Territory . 



Length 

of 
record. 



Yr. m. 



6 15 

11 7 

5 4 



Jan. 



18 


0.90 


65 


.51 


32 


1.20 


91 


.79 


37 


.28 


17 


.63 


18 


.71 



.86 
.92 
.61 



Feb. 



0.43 
.38 
.38 
.59 
.13 
.26 
.55 



.94 
.70 
.33 



Mar. 



0.40 
.51 
.62 
.56 
.18 
.18 
.57 



1.00 
.57 
.47 



Apr. 



0.78 
.49 
.18 
.21 
.25 
.40 
.28 



.30 
.65 
.60 



May. 



0.39 
.89 
.48 
.92 
1.13 
1.66 
.61 



Tune. 



1.22 
1.48 
1.74 
.84 
1.91 
2.33 
1.21 



.82 
1.08 
1.30 



July. 



1.83 
2.10 
1.51 
2.05 
2.20 
2.13 
1.62 



1.03 
2.01 
3.32 



Aug. 



1.63 
2.28 
1.65 
2.49 
1.86 
2.04 
1.64 



1.33 
1.58 
1.53 



Sept. 



1.97 
1.31 
1.42 
1.17 
1.03 
1.53 
1.13 



1.25 
1.55 
1.00 



Oct. 



0.40 
1.01 
.78 
.78 
.63 
.91 
1.77 



1.01 

1.04 

.53 



Nov. 



0.75 
.52 
.60 
.58 
.40 
.42 
.59 



1.38 

1.14 

.95 



Dec. 



0.83 
.51 
.97 
.59 
.21 
.29 
.73 



.95 

1.31 

.26 



Year. 



11.53 
11.99 
11.53 
11.57 
10.21 
12.58 
11.41 



11.24 
13.49 
11.25 



Precipitation records have not been kept long enough and are not 
widely enough distributed over the area to justify conclusions in 
regard to the laws governing the rainfall. However, they indicate 
certain characteristics and well-defined tendencies which will be 
briefly noted. 

The precipitation during a given period at the different stations, 
though frequently differing widely in total amount, exhibits to a 
shght degree the influence of certain general phenomena. The 
differences in totahty are readily explained by a consideration of the 
way the storms occur, a large portion of the precipitation falling in 
storms that are very generally distributed but that differ considerably 
in their intensity. In addition to the rather infrequent general rains 
there are frequent small showers which are very local in their nature. 
The monthly or annual rainfall is the summation of these irregular 
distributions and obviously its amount may vary widely at different 
stations if the period of the record is not long. 

The mean annual rainfall, however, as shown in the longer records, 
is remarkably uniform from the headwaters of the Yukon, at Atlin, 
British Columbia, to the mouth of the Tanana, at Fort Gibbon. 
Hence the physical factors producing the rainfall are probably very 
similar over this entire area. It seems safe to assume that the mean 
annual rainfall in the Yukon-Tanana region is approximately 12 
inches. 

As might be deduced from the foregoing observations, the local 
variation in annual rainfaU is relatively wide. The extreme varia- 
tion recorded is at Rampart, where a minimum of 5.32 and a maxi- 
mum of 15.53 have occurred. The record at Dawson, Yukon Terri- 
tory, is the most uniform, but this is believed to be due simply to 
chance, for it is unhkely that Dawson differs physically from other 
stations. The data are insufficient for making a definite estimate of 



40 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TAN-AKA REGIOlSr, ALASKA. 

the limiting extremes of annual rainfall or for determining any rela- 
tion between extremely dry and wet periods. (See ^g. 2.) 



t> 00 04 O »-t 

O O O rH T-l 
Oi ^ 0> Oi o> 



<0 -C^ OO OS 
O <3 -O O 

05 Oi <J5 0> 



CDt-OOCSOMeO'^i'5«»t~' -00 Oi O «-• d 
C>0<00,-IC>oOOOiOoOtHi-l ^ 




EAGLE FAIRBANKS RAMPART DAWSON,Y.T, 

Figure 2. — Eluctuation of annual rainfall at Alaska stations. 





Figure 




OCT. 



DEC. 



JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. 

3.— Average mean monthly precipitation at seven Weather Bm^eau stations in the Yukon- 

Tanana region. 



145^ 



^-^J) 






hs'^i. 



^.% 



itex: 



V 






^■9\ 



^o 



?-y.'^2>.^ o 



e>. 



b ," fcj j.'^.C't' 



'0.3' 



c- ^. j-.sj 



cV, 



g.V& 



.?i?3: 



^^: 



.<?a05 



."i.''-.. 



k^ 



v\^. 



^ 



?i 






,pj. 



'IP U 



o/ 



o J.v ' 



'<j tj 



•i3 o^ 






\\'Jliy 



tu 









M^ 



m 



,&>'-•?, 



'L- 1; t'J 



^;. 



jft^'O!^. 






«i>,^ 












tJ.t-;e3>, 



145". 



-TANANA REGION. 



U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE II 



m 




9 


- p' 






i FtGibbon 








i^% 



MAP SHOWING 

DISTRIBUTION OF TIMBER 
IN THE YUKON TANANA REGION, ALASKA 

so holes 




MAP SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF TIMBER IN YUKON-TANANA REGION. 



GENEEAL FEATURES. 41 

The distribution of the rainfall throughout the year also varies con- 
siderably. A single amiual record may show no well-defined tendency 
in distribution except the greater fall in the summer months. How- 
ever, a very definite distribution is shown by the monthly means for 
a number of years, and especially by the average of these means for 
a number of stations. (See fig. 3.) The composite record shows that 
July and August have the highest precipitation and that February, 
March, and April have the lowest. In the four months, June, July, 
August, and September, about 59 per cent of the annual rainfall 
occurs. It is interesting to note that the rainfall in the Yukon- 
Tanana region, both in distribution through the year and in amount, 
is comparable to that of the semiarid States on the eastern slopes of 
the Rocky Mountains. 

The records are far too inadequate for deductions regarding the 
effect of elevation on rainfall. During the summer the higher moun- 
tains have often been observed to be enveloped by fog and storm 
clouds to a considerably greater extent than the lower country, and 
a higher precipitation on them seems probable. The streams head- 
ing in the higher mountains appear to have a slightly greater run-off 
than those with lower drainage basins. It therefore seems very 
likely that elevation increases rainfall. It is doubtful, however, 
whether it does so materially. 

VEGETATION. 

In the Yukon-Tanana region the climatic records show that the 
mean monthly temperature exceeds 50° for but three months in the 
year, June, July, and August, and that as a rule the temperature 
drops to the freezing point in each of these months. Also it has been 
noted that the ground remains permanently frozen over large areas 
and during the summers is thawed to shallow depths only. From 
these facts it is evident that conditions are not generally favorable 
for a very great plant growth during one season. The most common 
kind of vegetation is the thick covering of moss, which is found very 
extensively over all interior Alaska. Underneath this moss there is 
a thick turf known as tundra, which consists of a wet spongy mass of 
moss roots and accumulated vegetable matter. 

Spruce trees grow very extensively over the area and are of great 
economic importance both for construction purposes and for fuel. 
Most of the trees are rather stunted because of the frozen ground, 
but exceptional specimens measure as much as 3 feet in diameter at 
the base. Large trees are a pretty good indication that the ground 
is thawed, thus affording an opportunity for deep root growth. The 
greater part of the timber of commercial value is found below an 
elevation of 2,000 feet (see PI. II), although many small clumps of 
trees suitable for making the ordinary 12-inch sluice-box lumber are 



42 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



found aboYe that altitude and very many more large enough for fuel 
grow in favored localities up to 2,500 feet. 

Thick stands of spruce timber 6 to 18 inches in diameter occupy a 
narrow belt along most of the course of the Yukon and Tanana rivers 
in this region. Some of the larger tributaries of these rivers also 
have fair growths of commercial-size spruce, which, however, has 
been considerably depleted on those in reach of the mining districts. 
Chena River has probably furnished more lumber than any of the 
other tributaries of the Tanana. Fairbanks received nearly its 
entire supply of saw logs from that source and each summer thou- 
sands of logs are floated down the river and through the Chena Slough 
to the mills to be sawed for local use. 

The Fairbanks district uses annually between 60,000 and 80,000 cords of wood, 
and the annual product of the three sawmills is probably between 6,000,000 and 
8,000,000 board feet. 1 

Birch trees a foot or less in diameter grow in thick clumps over 
many small areas and are particularly valuable for fuel. Cot- 
tonwood groves are frequently seen along the larger streams and 
adjoining slopes, and many of the trees attain diameters of 6 to 12 
inches at the base. Some scattered tamaracks also grow in this 
area. 

One of the determining factors in the mining industry is the timber 
supply, not only for fuel but for constructing flumes, mine supports, 
and buildings. So far demands ha^e been fairly met by the 
local growth, but large inroads on this have now been made by both 
legitimate uses and by forest fires, and the distance timber has to 
be transported is gradually increasing with a corresponding increase 
in cost. Most of the wood sold for fuel probably brings from $10 to 
$15 per cord delivered at the mines, but some of it may sell as low 
as $6 or as high as $20 per cord, depending on distance from market, 
labor conditions, and kind of wood. Rough sawed lumber varies 
widely in value, ranging perhaps from a minimum of $40 per thou- 
sand feet board measure at the Fairbanks mills to as much as $200 
per thousand for whipsawed lumber at the more isolated camps. 

Most of the higher ridges, except such as are particularly rocky 
and barren, bear a growth of thick, tough brush, locally known as 
''buck brush." In some of the gullies and ravines cutting the moun- 
tain slopes and in fringes along many of the smaller streams grow 
almost impenetrable thickets of alders and willows. Beyond this the 
spruce prevails, being generally largest and best on the bottom lands 
adjoining the larger streams. Exceptionally, however, the best 
growth is near the timber line and the trees diminish in size toward 
the bottom lands, on which thrive the smaller species of vegetable 
growth. 

1 Railway routes in Alaska: 62d Cong., 3d sess., H. Doc. No. 1346, p. 51, 1913. 



GENERAL FEATURES. 43 

From early in June until the frosts occur in August grass suitable 
for grazing can generally be found on the southern slopes and bottom 
lands. On areas that have been burned over red-top grass springs 
up in abundance and grows waist-high in some favored localities. 
Many berries grow abundantly during the summer ; blueberries are 
found nearly everywhere; small but fine-flavored cranberries can 
be gathered in many places, and in some localities raspberries and 
currants are abundant. 

Experience has shown that many varieties of vegetables can be 
profitably grown for local use. In the vicinity of Fairbanks agri- 
culture is extensive, and in nearly every small town and in many 
outlying districts gardening has proved successful. Oat hay grows 
luxuriantly in the Tanana Valley and in favored localities along the 
Yukon, and, if cut green and properly cured, furnishes excellent 
forage. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

From Seattle to the Yukon-Tanana region there are three main 
routes of travel, all of which, compared with the means of transpor- 
tation in the States, are very slow and expensive, though more com- 
fortable than is popularly supposed. The first, commonly known as 
the Dawson route, comprises 1,000 miles of ocean travel from 
Seattle to Skagway by the 'inside passage," which is protected from 
the rough sea by many small islands. From Skagway to Wliite 
Horse, at the head of navigation on Yukon River, the trip of 110 
miles is made by rail over the White Pass, thence down the Yukon 
by steamboat to Dawson, a distance of 460 miles. Here passengers 
and freight are ordinarily transferred to American boats for the 
remainder of the trip to Fortymile, Eagle, Circle, Rampart, Tanana, 
and other interior points. At Tanana, at the mouth of Tanana 
River, about 700 miles below Dawson, most of the freight and pas- 
sengers for Fairbanks, Hot Springs, and other mining centers of the 
Tanana VaUey are transferred to smaller boats that ply Tanana 
River. Fairbanks, on the Chena Slough, 275 miles above Tanana, can 
be reached by ri^er steamers, except at low water, when a transfer 
is made at the mouth of the Chena Slough, 12 miles below Fairbanks, 
to the Tanana VaUey Railroad. At favorable stages of water small 
steamers navigate as far as the mouth of Delta River, and one steamer 
reached the mouth of the Nabesna above the Tanana crossing. With- 
out delay at transfer points the trip from Seattle to Fairbanks can 
be made in about two weeks. A much longer time is taken in return- 
ing by the same route because of the slow progress going upriver 
against the current. This route is open for travel from the early 
part of June until the later part of September. 

The second route from Seattle is 2,700 miles by ocean boat to St. 
Mchael, thence by river steamers over 800 miles uj) the Yukon to 



44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGIOI^, ALASKA. 



the mouth, of the Tanana, then to the several distributing points along 
those streams. This route is the more favorable for freight because 
of the somewhat cheaper rates, but it has the disadvantage of a shorter 
season and of taking three to four weeks for the inward trip. In 
going out from Fairbanks to Seattle the time required is about the 
same as going upriver via Dawson and Skagway. Freight rates from 
Seattle to Fairbanks are from $50 to $150 per ton, with an average 
of about $75, depending on classification. Passenger rates are about 
$130 first class and $100 second class. 

The third, or overland, route is used mainly in the winter. Ocean 
boats make frequent and regular trips from Seattle to Cordova or 
Valdez, a distance of about 1,200 miles, requiring from four to six 
days. From Cordova the route leads by the Copper River Railroad 
to Chitina (131 miles from Cordova), then 264 miles by stage to 
Fairbanks. From Valdez the journey of about 360 miles is made 
entirely by stage. For passengers and mails this route is used exten- 
sively during the winter months, but its cost is so great that only 
urgent freight can bear the expense. 

The Tanana Valley Railroad has 46 miles of narrow-gage track 
between Fairbanks, Chena, and Chatanika. Wagon roads have been 
built from Fairbanks to the more important producing creeks. Win- 
ter roads have been constructed from Fairbanks to Circle and Hot 
Springs, and a fairly well defined summer trail leads from Fairbanks 
to the Miller House in the Birch Creek district. The principal mines 
adjacent to Rampart and Hot Springs a reconnected with Yukon and 
Tanana rivers by fair wagon roads. 

The Birch Creek mines are reached by a wagon road from the 
Yukon at Circle to the Miller House, a distance of about 50 miles. 
Summer and winter trails leading to more isolated diggings connect 
with the wagon road at various points. 

The Fortymile and Seventymile placers are very inaccessible and 
can only be reached in the summer by poHng boats and pack animals. 
Most of the freight is transported during the winter, when the frozen 
swamps and rivers furnish soHd footing for horses and sleds. 

About 16 miles of wagon road, built from Eagle to the summit of the 
divide at the head of American Creek, has become nearly impassable 
from lack of maintenance. 

Even the mines most favorably connected with roads and river 
steamers are so handicapped by excessive operating costs that only 
the richer can be worked at a profit. The proper development of 
the low-grade placer ground in the Yukon-Tanana region must await 
the construction of rail and wagon roads and lower transportation 
charges. 

All the principal towns are connected by telegraph both locally 
and with outside points. 



GENEEAL FEATURES. 45 

WATER-SUPPLY CONDITIONS AND THEIR ECONOMIC EFFECT. 

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION. 

Precipitation in the form of rain or snow is the primary source of 
all water supply. In the Yukon-Tanana region the chief factor influ- 
encing the distribution of this supply is the imperviousness of the 
frozen ground, which prevents any considerable underground storage 
and makes the run-off less uniform than it is in warmer climates, 
where the main source of supply during low-water periods is derived 
from rainfall and melting snow which has seeped into the ground and 
has percolated to a final junction with the surface watercourses at a 
lower elevation. This source, however, is relatively insignificant in 
this latitude. 

The winter accumulations of snow and ice are of great value in 
drift mining, in which a few weeks of abundant spring flow commonly 
suffice to wash the gold-bearing gravels hoisted during the entire 
winter. In the open-cut works, however, where the progress is 
directly dependent on the water supply from day to day, the spring 
flow is of little value, for it comes at a time when the ground is ordi- 
narily covered with ice and snow, and work of this nature is impos- 
sible. Of course many of the mines lie in the lower valleys, where 
the ice disappears before the winter accumulations in the upper valleys 
and hills are exhausted, but even at these the spring floods are gen- 
eraUy of such short duration that they are not usually considered a 
very valuable asset. 

An additional supply of water, though one of minor importance, 
is that derived from the thawing of frozen ground during the summer. 

The summer low- water flow of the streams that rise in the higher 
and more rugged moimtains is kept up by the melting of large bodies 
of ice and snow in the sun-protected gulches and rock crevices. The 
rainfall, however, is not so well conserved in these streams as in more 
gently sloping valleys and pondage areas, where the rim-off, in per- 
centage of the rainfall, even though less than in higher regions, may 
be so distributed as to furnish the better supply. 

The moss that forms a heavy covering over most of the country 
probably regulates the distribution of the run-off during the summer 
as much as any factor. It is quite generally the opinion among the 
older residents of the country that the flow of the creeks does not 
hold up as weU after a rain now as when work first commenced. 
That probably is due in part to the fact that the moss covering on 
the older creeks has been largely removed by fires and other agents. 
Another reason may be that present-day methods of mining require 
more water than those practiced in years gone by, and thus the low- 
water conditions are now more thoroughly realized. 



46 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN ANA EEGION, ALASKA. 

EFFECT OF TOPOGRAPHY. 

The topography of the Yukon-Tanana region controls to a great 
extent the available water supply. The upland area, constituting 
an old valley floor, has been dissected by numerous streams, all of 
which necessarily rise at about the same level because of the com- 
paratively uniform elevation of the original land surface. Most of 
the mines are situated near the heads of the small streams which do 
not furnish sufficient water to supply their needs. Auxihary supplies 
of water can be obtained only from creeks whose sources lie at about 
the same altitude as the stream whose supply is to be augmented. 
Therefore a ditch or pipe line must have its intake near the head of 
the creek, where the drainage basin is small and the supply uncertain. 
The source of a gravity supply must of course be higher than the 
place at which it is used; for hydraulic mLaing, where the water 
is used under pressure, the source should be several hundred feet above 
the point of utilization. The streams all have about the same grade 
and drop rapidly for a short distance near their heads and then take 
a more moderate grade through their central portions. 

Another serious drawback is the lack of natural storage basins 
above the mines that could with reasonable expense be made to 
conserve the excess water from rains or melting snow. As a result 
the water supply available for mining is the daily flow of the stream 
at the point of diversion. The total run-off during the mining season 
on many of the smaller streams (from which the supply must neces- 
sarily be drawn because of the altitude of the mines) would, if dis- 
tributed uniformly, be ample for ordinary mining. These streams, 
however, because of the frozen soil, steep slopes, and lack of natural 
storage, are very flashy. They rise rapidly after a rain but fall back 
to a low stage almost as quickly and then very slowly diminish until 
the next rain. 

WINTER SUPPLY. 

WINTER GLACIERS. 

In the interior of Alaska, where from about the first of November 
until the first of May the mean monthly temperature is below freez- 
ing, the stream flow must necessarily be derived from ground-water 
sources and must reach the surface in the form of springs. On the 
smaller streams and on many with catchment areas as great as 300 
or 400 square miles the underground supply is insufficient to main- 
tain a free channel. In the autumn and early in the winter the ice 
gradually freezes deeper and deeper until it extends to the bed of the 
streams. This forces such part of the run-off as is unable to find its 
way through the thawed gravels beneath the channel to rise through 



GENERAL FEATURES. 



47 



the ice to the surface, where it spreads out and freezes rapidly, 
forming large bodies of ice locally known as winter glaciers. Some 
such '' glaciers" reach thicknesses of 15 to 20 feet and extend over 
large areas, especially in valleys where the gravels are shallow and 
the underground cross section of the channel is constricted by reefs 
of bedrock approaching the surface. 



RUN-OFF. 



On Minook, Huthnana, and Hoosier creeks an open flow is main- 
tained for some distance during the winter by thermal springs and 
similar conditions of winter flow are said to occur on other streams 
in this region. Such springs are probably deep-seated and are not 
typical of the country as a whole. 

In order to gather some idea of the amount of run-off from the 
Yukon-Tanana region during the winter several discharge measure- 
ments were made early in the spring. It is beheved that they 
were all taken before any increased flow from melting snow or ice 
had reached the streams. They therefore probably represent very 
closely the minimum surface run-off past the measuring sections for 
the season from the basin above the point of measurement. The 
results of these measurements are given in the following table: 

Winter discharge measurements in the Yukon-Tanana region, 1909-1911. 



Date. 



1909. 
Apr. 20 
May 1 


1910. 

Apr. 6 

8 

17 

21 


191] 
Apr. 


L. 
24 



Stream and locality. 



Hutlinana Creek above Cairo Creek . 
Yukon River at Rampart 

Tanana River, 3 miles below Chena. 
Chatanika River below Poker Creek 

Salcha River at mouth 

Chatanika River below Faith Creek. 

Yukon River at Eagle , 



Drainage 

area. 



Sq. miles. 
42.7 
20G, 000 



24, 000 

456 

2,170 

132 



122, 000 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
a 0.4 
10, 900 



4,450 
1.91 
64.5 
0.0 



10, 100 



Discharge 

per 

square 

mile. 



Scc.-fi. 



0. 053 



.185 
.0042 
.030 
.0 



.083 



a This flow was entirely from hot springs which rise in the creek bed just above the gaging station. 
Above the springs the creek was frozen solid. 



The above table shows clearly that in the winter the surface run-off 
per square mile from small basins is less than from larger ones. If 
the measurements are accepted as typical they furthermore show that 
ordinarily streams draining areas less than 200 or 300 square miles 
would have no free surface discharge. 



48 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN AN A EEGION, ALASKA. 

SUPPLY AVAILABLE FOR MINING PURPOSES. 

Prior to the recent beginning of quartz mining in the Fairbanks 
district; drift mining was the main industry in that region from about 
October 1 to May 1. With the exception of two or three outfits on 
Fairbanks and Ester creeks, that do some sluicing during the winter, 
work was confined to hoisting the pay gravel to the surface, where it 
was accumulated in large dumps and was washed early in the summer 
when the water supply was increased by melting snow and ice. 

With the advance of quartz mining the necessity of obtaining a 
continuous supply of water for washing the crushed rock will confront 
the mill operators. The smaller streams do not maintain a definite 
surface-channel flow beneath the ice, and each stream presents a 
problem peculiar to itself. From 500 to 1,000 gallons of water are 
required to wash a ton of ore. The average duty of a miner's inch 
would be about 15 tons of ore per 24 hours, which is about the 
capacity of the average 5-stamp mill. Unless there is a sufficient 
flow in the mine that can be pumped to the mill the water in the 
winter must be obtained by intercepting the flow through the gravels 
in the stream bottoms. The existence of such flows and the best 
means of diverting them can be determined only by an intimate 
knowledge of local conditions. It will probably be found more eco- 
nomical to locate the mill near the water supply and transport the 
ore downhill than to build the mill at the mine and pump the water 
to any considerable elevation. On creeks where much prospecting 
or placer mining has been done a sufficient knowledge of the amount 
of underground flow in the winter should be available to determine 
the feasibility of using it for milling. 

On Ester Creek, where sluicing was continued throughout the 
winter of 1910, the ground was thawed, and a small flow of water 
was encountered in the mine. A 3-inch pump kept the mine drained, 
and by turning the exhaust into the sump hole warm water was fur- 
nished for sluicing. In order to conserve this supply and have a 
continuous head, the water as it drained from the tailing pile was 
directed into a settling reservoir, where it was warmed by the exhaust 
from a pump that raised it again to the sluice. Steam pipes were 
laid along the sluice boxes, and no serious difficulties were encoun- 
tered with ice even where the temperature was as low as 60° below 
zero. Similar methods have been employed on Fairbanks Creek. 
These examples serve to show what can be accomplished in main- 
taining a sufficient flow of water for mining from a small source 
under extremely low temperatures. Small miUs of 5 to 10 stamps, 
such as are likely to be operated in the Fairbanks district, will not 
require such large quantities of water as are needed for plac6rs. 



SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOIiT-TANANA REGIOK, ALASKA. 49 

STREAM FLOW. 

TERMS USED. 

The volume of water flowing in a stream — the ''run-off" or ''dis- 
charge" — is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 
associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 
in two groups, (1) those which represent a rate of flow, as second- 
feet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and run-off in second-feet 
per square mile; (2) those which represent the actual quantity of 
water, as run-off in depth in inches and acre-feet. They may be 
defined as follows : 

"Second-foot" is in most general use for all classes of work, and 
from it the quantity expressed in other terms may be obtained. It 
is an abbreviation of "cubic foot per second," and maybe defined as 
the unit for the rate of flow of water flowing in a stream 1 foot wide 
and 1 foot deep at the rate of 1 foot a second. To obtain the actual 
quantity of water it is necessary to multiply the number of second- 
feet by the time. 

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 
of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 
on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly as regards 
both time and area. 

"Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area) " is the depth to which 
the drainage area would be covered if all the water flowing from it 
in a given period were conserved and uniformly distributed on the 
surface. It is used for comparing run-off with raiafall, which is 
expressed in depth in inches. 

The "miner's inch," the unit used in connection with placer mining, 
also expresses a rate of flow and is applied to water flowiag through an 
orifice of a given size with a given head. The head of the water and 
the size of the orifice differ in different localities, thus making the 
miner's inch a most indefinite and unsatisfactory unit. Owing to the 
confusion arising from its use, it has been defined by law in several 
States. The California miner's inch is in most common use in the 
United States and wasVlefined by an act of March 23, 1901, as follows: 
"The standard miner's inch of water shall be equivalent or equal to 
IJ cubic feet of water per minute, measured through any aperture 
or orifice." This miner's inch corresponds to the so-called "6-inch 
pressure" and is one-fortieth of a second-foot. 

"Sluice head" is a term used commonly among placer miners in 
expressing the rate of flow through a series of sluice boxes that is 
necessary to separate the gold from the gravel. It is not a definite 
term because the rate of flow necessary varies with the size of the 
sluice boxes, the grade at which they are placed, and the character 
of the gravel. A sluice head under the varying conditions has been 
found to vary from 0.75 second-foot to 2.50 second-feet. 

42913°— wsp 342— 15 4 



50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN^ANA REGION, ALASKA. 

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. 

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 
computations : 

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of , Mar. 23, 1901). 

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons a second; equals 488.8 gallons a minute; 

equals 646,317 gallons a day. 
1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep. 
1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet. 
1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet. 
1,000,000 United States gallons a day equals 1.55 second-feet. 
1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 
1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers. 
1 mile equals 5,280 feet. 
1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 
1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 
1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds a second , 
1 horsepower equals 76 kilogram-meters a second. 
1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 
1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet. 
IJ horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt. 

To calculate water power quickly: '- — ^-^j =net horsepower on water wheel 

realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power. 

FIELD METHODS. 

On account of the intense cold of the winter season in interior 
Alaska the stream flow during that period is very small and is con- 
sequently of little economic value for mining or power purposes. The 
data of stream flow given in this paper were collected during the 
summer and no attempt has been made to estimate the winter flow. 

Discharge measurements and gage heights are the basic data from 
which the daily discharge of a stream may be determined. 

Discharge measurements of streams in open channels may be made 
(1) by measurements of slope and cross section and the use of Chezy'a 
and Kutter's formulas, (2) by means of a weir or dani; and (3) by 
measurements of the velocity of the current and of the area of the 
cross section. The method chosen depends on the local physical 
conditions, the degree of accuracy desired, the funds available, and 
the length of time that the record is to be continued. 

Slope method. — The slope method involves the use of empirical 
formulas derived by Chezy and Kutter, which make the discharge a 
function of the slope, the cross section, the wetted perimeter, and a 
coefficient which depends for its value upon the roughness of the 
stream bed. It is most commonly used for measuring large streams 
which have a uniform slope or for estimating the flood discharge of a 
stream when the only data available are the cross section, the slope 



STEEAM FLOW. 51 

as shown by marks along the bank, and a knowledge of the general 
conditions. It is in general only roughly approximate and is seldom 
used by the engineers of the United States Geological Survey. More 
complete information regarding the method may be obtained from 
textbooks on hydraulics. 

Weir methods. — The weir method makes the discharge dependent 
upon the head of water flowing over the crest of a weir, the length of 
crest, and certain coefficients determined by the type of the weir. 
Standard types of weirs for which accurate coefficients have been 
determined by experiment give very satisfactory records if properly 
maintained.^ The proper installation of weirs in the Alaskan work 
is usually out of the question on account of expense, the torrential 
character of the run-off, and the temporary nature of the stations. 

Velocity metJiod. — By the velocity method the two factors required 
to determine the discharge of a stream past a section perpendicular 
to the mean direction of the current are the mean velocity of flow 
normal to the section and the area of the cross section. Direct 
observations of depth and velocity are made at definite points. The 
distribution of these points across the section is determined by the 
uniformity and smoothness of flow and the depth and width of the 
stream. In general they should not be spaced farther apart than 5 
per cent of the channel width nor more than the approximate mean 
depth at the time of measurement. 

The measuring points divide the total cross section into strips at 
each end of which the depth and velocity are known. The discharge 
through any strip is assumed to equal the product of the average of 
the depth at the two ends multiplied by the width of the strip multiplied 
by the average of the mean velocities at the two ends of the strip. 
The sum of the strip discharges is the total discharge of the stream. 

Depths for the determination of the area may be obtained by 
sounding with a rod or a cable. 

The principal methods of measuring the velocity of flow are by 
floats and current meter. 

Floats are not used by the engineers of the United States Geological 
Survey except under unusual conditions, but as float measurements 
can readily be made by the prospector the method is described below. 

The floats in common use are the surface, subsurface, and tube or 
rod floats. A corked bottle with a flag in the top and weighted at 
the bottom makes one of the most satisfactory surface floats, as it is 
affected but Httle by wind. In flood measurements good results can 
be obtained by observing the velocity of floating cakes of ice or debris. 
In all surface-float measurements the observed velocity must be 

1 The determination of discharge over the different types of weirs and dams is treated fully in '"'Weir 
experiments, coefficients, and formulas" (U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 200), and in text- 
books on hydraulics. 



52 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN ANA REGION, ALASKA. 

multiplied by 0.85 to 0.95 to reduce it to the mean velocity. The 
subsurface and tube or rod floats are intended to give directly the 
mean velocity in the vertical. Tubes give excellent results when the 
channel conditions are good, as in canals. 

If it is desired to estimate roughly the discharge of a small creek 
or canal, a portion of the channel is selected which is straight and of 
nearly uniform cross section and through which the water flows 
smoothly. The length of this stretch, or ''run," should be 50 to 200 
feet, but in many places it is necessarily less than this because of 
conditions in the channel. Floats of any simple type may be used. 
A number of determinations of their time of passage over the ''run" 
are made and the average time in seconds for one passage is com- 
puted. The length of the "run" divided by this time and multiphed 
by 0.85 will give the approximate mean velocity in feet per second 
through the section. The average depth multiplied by the width of 
the stream gives the area of its cross section in square feet; this 
multiphed by the mean velocity will give the approximate discharge 
in second-feet. . 

If a more reliable estimate is desired, the location of the floats in 
the section may be determined, the depth of the stream at these 
points may be ascertained by sounding or from a developed cross 
section, and the discharges of the elementary sections may be com- 
puted, as already described. In a large stream the coefficient for 
reducing surface velocity to mean velocity may be determined by 
taking occasional vertical velocity curves across the section with a 
current meter. If sufficient care is taken and conditions are good, a 
float measurement may possess a high degree of accuracy. 

The Price current meter is used by the United States Geological 
Survey almost to the exclusion of meters of other types to determine 
the velocity of flow of water in open channels. The smaU Price 
acoustic and electric meters were the types used in the work in the 
Yukon-Tanana region. (See PI. Ill, A.) The meter consists of six 
cups attached to a vertical shaft which revolves on a conical hardened- 
steel point when immersed in moving water. The number of revolu- 
tions is indicated acoustically or electrically. The relation between 
the velocity of the moving water and the revolutions of the wheel is 
determined for each meter by drawing it through still water for a 
given distance at different speeds and noting the number of revolu- 
tions for each run. These data form the basis of a meter rating table 
which gives the velocity of moving water in feet per second for any 
number of revolutions in a given period. 

Meter measurements of the flow of a stream may be made from a 
bridge, from a cable and car instaUed especially for the purpose, from 
boats, or by wading. The majority of the measurements published 
in this report were made by wading with the acoustic meter attached 
to a rod. (See PI. Ill, B.) 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE III 





' :.y 



mi^maairim'miimMm Wi 



^^^^ 



wmscm:!^M. wiam» 



A. SMALL PRICE CURRENT METERS. 




B. WADING MEASUREMENT. 



Stream flow. 53 

Three methods of measuring the velocity were used. In the first 
the meter is held at the depth of the thread of mean velocity, which 
has been found by repeated experiments to be located at about 0.6 
of the total depth. In the second method the mean of the velocities 
obtained at 0.2 and 0.8 depth is taken as the mean. This method 
has been shown to give the mean velocity very accurately, and it is 
now used very extensively by the United States Geological Survey. 
In the third method the meter is held near the surface, usually 1 foot 
below, or low enough to be protected from the wind or other dis- 
turbing influence. The coefficient for reducing this velocity to the 
mean has been found to be from about 0.85 to 0.95, depending on the 
stage, the velocity, and the conditions of the channel. This method 
was used principally for boat measurements on large streams or on 
streams at flood stages. 

The determination of the flow of an ice-covered stream is difficult, 
owing to diversity and instability of conditions during the winter and 
also to lack of definite information in regard to the laws of flow of 
water under ice. Very few discharge measurements were made of 
streams under ice conditions in the Yukon-Tanana region. In these 
an electric meter suspended by a cable was used, observations of 
velocity being made at sufficiently short intervals in the vertical to 
determine the mean. 

A prime essential for obtaining accurate stream-flow records is a 
good gaging station. To make the record, when obtained, most val- 
uable, it should be made at the point on a stream where the record 
of flow is most likely to be needed either in the present or the future. 
Other requisites for good stations are (1) a permanent stream bed, 
(2) freedom from backwater, (3) good measuring conditions, and (4) 
one channel at all stages. Since gage heights are recorded for the 
purpose of showing the fluctuations of the stream, they should be 
observed at frequent intervals, and consequently the station should 
be located near an available observer. The sparse settlement of the 
Alaskan placer regions and the transient character of the inhabitants 
have made proximity of the observer the ruHng consideration in the 
estabhshment of most stations, in many places to a partial exclusion 
of the desirable requisites mentioned above. Where practicable, the 
gage heights were obtained twice a day, but in many places they 
could be read but once a day, and in some places only once in several 
days. 

OFFICE METHODS. 

At the end of each season the field or base data, consisting of gage- 
height records, discharge measurements, and full notes are assem- 
bled. The discharge measurements are plotted on cross-section 
paper and rating curves are drawn. The rating tables prepared 



54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAl^A REGHOlsr, ALASKA. 



from these curves are then applied to the tables of daily gage heights, 
and from these the monthly discharge and run-off are computed. 

The discharge measurements at a gaging station when plotted with 
the discharges in second-feet as abscissas and the corresponding gage 
heights in feet as ordinates, define curves which are generally more 
or less parabolic in form. Where measurements may be made 
repeatedly at the same section, curves of area in square feet and of 
mean velocity in feet per second may also be constructed to the same 
scale of ordinates as the discharge curve. These curves aid in 
extending the discharge curve beyond the limits of the plotted dis- 
charge measurements, in avoiding errors in the form of the discharge 
curve, and in determining erroneous measurements. Discharge, area, 
and mean velocity curves of Fortymile River at Steel Creek are shown 
in figure 4. 

A gaging station on an ordinary open channel without backwater 
will have one rating curve so long as the relation between gage 
heights and discharge is not altered. The rating curves are, there- 
fore, directly dependent on the permanency of the channel. Streams 
in general present throughout their courses to a greater or less degree 
all conditions of permanent, semipermanent, and shifting channels. 
These conditions are evident in the plotting of discharge measure- 
ments and in the construction of rating curves. Corresponding to 
the character of the channel a station may have (1) a permanent rat- 
ing, (2) a rating which is changed only at extreme high water, (3) 
a rating which is frequently changing and which requires discharge 
measurements and changes in rating at intervals dependent on the 
frequency or rate of the change. Although each class of rating is 
represented in the Yukon-Tanana region, the majority belong to the 
second class. Most of the smaller streams of interior Alaska have 
comparatively steep grades and wide fluctuations in stage. At low 
stages they usually meander through a wide gravel flood plain or 
through channels cut in the muck. Such channels can not well resist 
the erosive action of a good-sized freshet and during such may 
undergo radical changes. In a season with frequent freshets condi- 
tions approach those described in the third class. Discharge meas- 
urements should then be made frequently, and even with this pre- 
caution the daily estimates may be largely approximate. 

EXPLANATION OF TABLES AND USE OF DATA. 

For each gaging station there is given a table of discharge measure- 
ments and a table showing the gage height, the daily discharge, the 
mean monthly discharge, the mean monthly discharge in second-feet 
per square mile, the run-off in depth in inches from the drainage area, 
and the accuracy. 



STREAM FLOW. 



55 



GAGE HEIGHT IN FEET 



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56 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGIOInT, ALASKA. 

The discharge-measurement table gives the results of all discharge 
mieasurements miade at the station. The gage heights give th^ daily 
fluctuations of the stream. They represent the elevation of the sur- 
face of the water above the arbitrary datum of the gage and not above 
the bed of the stream. The daily discharges are determined by 
application of a rating table to the gage heights. 

At many stations it was impracticable to obtain an unbroken 
gage-height record. At some stations readings could be obtained 
only occasionally, and at others longer or shorter breaks in the 
record necessarily occurred. Whenever it was considered feasible 
the daily discharge for these periods has been estimated. These 
estimates have been based on the records obtained at the station 
itself, on the records of neighboring stations where conditions were 
comparable, and on a general knowledge of conditions. 

For each drainage basin there are given all miscellaneous discharge 
measurements made in the basin at points other than the regular 
stations. The wide fluctuation of the streams render these miscel- 
laneous data of rather uncertain value. With a few exceptions they 
represent the flow of the various streams at medium or low stages. 
Records at regular stations on neighboring streams should be studied 
and extreme precautions should be taken before basing any impor- 
tant work on these measurements. 

ACCURACY OF DATA. 

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily on the natural 
conditions at the gaging stations and on the methods and care with 
which the data are collected. 

The effect of poor channel conditions on the rating has been 
discussed. In a normal season errors from this cause should not 
be great at a station which is carefully established and rated. 

Practically all current-meter measurements made under fair 
conditions are well within 5 per cent of the true discharge at the 
time of the observation. As the errors of meter measurements are 
largely compensating, the mean rating curve, when well defined, is 
much more accurate than the individual measurements. Numerous 
tests of the accuracy of current-meter work show that where condi- 
tions are good it compares very favorably with results from standard 
weirs. 

The accuracy of the gage heights depends on the rehabihty of the 
observers, and this, with very few exceptions, is believed to be good. 
It is obvious that when a stream is frequently changing in stage, one 
reading or two readings per day may not give the mean height for 
the day. It seems probable, however, that errors from this soiKce 
are compensating if the stage does not have a diurnal cycle and are 
greatly decreased in the monthly mean, although the reading for a 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE IV 



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MAP or 
YUKON-TANANA REGION 

ALASKA 

SHOWIN& DISTRIBUTION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS AND 
LOCATION OF RAINI^ALL AND GAGING STATIONS 

Scale 1,000,000 






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Compiled from maps by United States Geological Soirv^ 

ALfredH.Brooks,Geolog'istinchai-ge of division 

1914 

LEGEND 

ir.S.telegraphline — ^^ 

Pl-ol3al)le drzdna^e - — -; 

■Wag'on road =;r^ 

Radlroad -^- — — • 

Trail - 

Gold placer x 

Gold lode • 

Tin 

lagmtic coal ^ 
Rainfall statiofn; letter refers to list in text x A 
Gaging station; xianiber refers to Ustia text o^S 
Mining precinct boundaries — — 
^fining precinct bound ai'ies indefinite 



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STREAM FLOW. 5Y 

single day may be considerably in error if taken by itself. This is 
especially likely to be true in the values of the maximum and miai- 
mum. The maximum should be increased considerably for many 
stations, and the minimum value should be taken as a mean of seven 
days or more rather than for one day. 

The records of mean monthly discharge per square mile in second- 
feet and the run-off in depth in inches may be subject to errors 
resulting from a drainage area which is not well defined by available 
maps and to the wide variation in contribution to run-off over the 
drahiage area. 

In the table the line designated ''Accuracy" shows the degree of 
rehabihty which it is beheved the record possesses. It does not 
apply to the maximum or minimum, nor to any individual day, but 
to the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, the 
probable rehabihty of the observer, and knowledge of local conditions. 
A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably accurate withui 
5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per cent; D, within 
25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by footnotes. 

REGULAR GAGING STATIONS. 

In the following Hsts are given the names of gaguig stations main- 
tained in the Yukon-Tanana region by the United States Geological 
Survey and cooperative parties and the duration of the records at 
each station. Numbers are assigned the stations to aid in identi- 
fying their location on Plates X to XIII (in pocket). The stations 
are grouped under river basins in downstream order, tributaries of 
main streams being indicated by indention. The main stem of any 
stream is determined by the drainage area; that is, the headwater 
stream having the largest drainage is considered the continuation of- 
the main stream and local changes in name are disregarded. (See 
PL IV.) 

Yukon River basin : No. on plate. 

Yukon River at Eagle, 1911-12 1 

Fortymile River basin : 

Main stem of Fortymile River : 

Dennison Fork at mouth, 1912 2 

South Fork of Fortymile River at Franklin, 1910-1912 3 

Fortymile River at Steele Creek, 1910-1912 4 

South Fork of Fortymile River basin: 

Mosquito Fork at Kechumstuk, 1910-1912 5 

Kechumstuk Creek at mouth, 1910-1912 6 

Gold Creek at mouth, 1911 7 

Walkers Fork above Poker Creek, 1912 8 

Walkers Fork above Cherry Creek, 1911 9 

Walkers Fork above Tv/elvemile Creek, 1910 10 

Wade Creek at claim "No. 10 above," 1910-1912 11 

Buckskin Creek above Fortyfive Pup, 1910-1912 12 

Fortyfive Pup at claim No. 13, 1910-1912 13 



58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAITANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Fortymile River basin — Continued. 

South Fork of Fortymile River basin — Continued. No. on plate. 

North Fork of Fortymile River at the ' ' kink, ' ' 1910-1912 14 

North Fork of Fortymile River above Middle Fork, 1910 15 

Confederate Creek at mouth, 1912 16 

Hutchinson Creek below Confederate Creek, 1911-12 17 

Hutchinson Creek below Montana Creek, 1910-1912 18 

Montana Creek at claim "No. 7 above," 1910-1912 19 

King Solomon Creek at Liberty Cabin, 1911-12 20 

Liberty Fork at mouth, 1911-12 21 

Dome Creek at Auburn Mining Co. camp, 1912 22 

Steele Creek at mouth, 1910-1912 23 

Canyon Creek below Squaw Gulch, 1912 24 

Canyon Creek, 1 mile below Squaw Gulch, 1910 25 

Canyon Creek, 2 miles below Squaw Gulch, 1911 26 

Squaw Gulch at claim "No. 1 above," 1910-1912 „ 27 

Mission Creek basin : 

Mission Creek above Oregon Creek, 1911. 28 

Mission Creek above Colorado Creek, 1910 29 

Wolf Creek above Swanson's dam, 1911 30 

American Creek at claim " No . 8 above, ' ' 1910-1912 31 

American Creek at United States pumping plant, 1910-11 32 

Discovery Fork below Star Gulch, 1910-1912 33 

Seven tymile River basin : 

Seven tymile River above Flume Creek, 1910, 1912 34 

Seventymile River at the falls, 1910-1912 35 

Flume Creek one-fourth mile above mouth, 1910-1912 36 

Alder Creek at claim "No. 7 above," 1910-1912 37 

Barney Creek above ditch intake, 1910 38 

Barney Creek ditch below forks, 1912 39 

Sonickson Creek above ditch intake, 1910-1912 40 

Washington Creek above dam, 1912 41 

Crooked Creek below Eldorado Creek, 1910-1912 42 

Fox Creek at Rolfs claim, 1911-12 43 

Birch Creek basin : 

Birch Creek above Twelvemile Creek, 1911 44 

Birch Creek below Twelvemile Creek, 1911-12 45 

Birch Cr-^ek below Great Unknown Creek, 1912 46 

Bii-ch Creek below Clums Fork, 1910-11 47 

Birch Creek above Sheep Creek, 1911-12 48 

Birch Creek at Fourteenmile House, 1908-1912. 49 

Mastodon Fork of Eagle Creek above ditch intake, 1909 50 

Fryingpan Creek below forks, 1910 51 

Great Unknown Creek at mouth, 1912 52 

Clums Fork below Munson Creek, 1912 53 

Lawson Creek at mouth, 1912 54 

Buckley Bar Creek at mouth, 1911-12 55 

Sheep Creek at mouth, 1911-12 56 

Bachelor Creek below Costa Fork, 1909-10 57 

Porcupine Creek above ditch intake, 1910 58 

Porcupine Creek below ditch intake, 1912 59 

Porcupine Creek below Bonanza Creek, 1908-1912 60 



STREAM FLOW. 59 

Birch Creek basin — Continued. 

Birch Creek at Fourteenmile House, 1908-1912 — Continued. No. on plate. 

Crooked Creek at Central House, 1909-1912 61 

Bonanza Creek above ditch intake, 1908-1910 62 

Bonanza Creek below ditch intake, 1911-12 63 

Independence Creek at claim ''No. 9 above," 1911 64 

Mammoth Creek at Miller House, 1908-1910 65 

Miller Creek at mouth, 1911-12 QQ 

Dead wood Creek above Switch Creek, 1909-1912 67 

Portage Creek, 4 miles above Medicine Lake, 1912. 68 

Porcupine ditch at intake, 1912 69 

Bonanza ditch at intake, 1910-1912 70 

Bonanza ditch below junction with Porcupine branch, 1912 71 

Bonanza ditch at outlet, 1911-12 72 

Mammoth Creek diversion ditch, 1910 73 

Beaver Creek basin : 

Nome Creek, 4 miles above Moose Creek, 1912. 74 

Nome Creek above Ophir Creek, 1911-12 75 

Hess Creek basin : 

Troublesome Creek below Quail Creek, 1908-1910 76 

Quail Creek at claim "No. 7 above," 1909 77 

Quail Creek at claim "No. 9 below," 1909-10 78 

Minook Creek basin : 

Minook Creek above Little Minook Creek, 1908-9 79 

Hoosier Creek at claim "No. 11 above," 1908-9 80 

Little Minook Creek at claim "No. 9 above," 1908-9 81 

Hunter Creek at claim "No. 17 above," 1908 82 

Streams tributary to Tanana River (miscellaneous basins) : 

Banner Creek at mouth, 1909-10 83 

Salcha River near mouth, 1909-10 84 

Junction Creek above Moose Lake outlet, 1909-10, 1912 85 

Chena River basin : 

Chena River above Shamrock Creek, 1912 86 

Chena River above Little Chena River, 1910-1912 87 

North Fork of Chena River above Monument Creek, 1912 88 

North Fork of Chena River below Monument Creek, 1912 89 

Monument Creek at Chena Hot Springs, 1912 u 90 

Little Chena River above Sorrels Creek, 1907-8, 1910 91 

Little Chena River below Fish Creek, 1908, 1910 92 

Sorrels Creek above Elliot Creek, 1907-8, 1910 93 

Elliot Creek at mouth, 1907-8, 1910 94 

Fish Creek below Solo Creek, 1910-1912 95 

Fish Creek above Fairbanks Creek, 1907-8 96 

Fish Creek at mouth, 1908, 1910 97 

Miller Creek at mouth, 1908, 1910 98 

Tolovana River basin : 

Washington Creek above Aggie Creek, 1908 99 

Washington Creek below Aggie Creek, 1908 100 

Aggie Creek at mouth, 1908 101 

McManus Creek at mouth, 1907, 1910-1912 102 

Chatanika River below Faith Creek, 1907-8, 1910-1912 103 



60 SURFACE Water sxjpply op yukok-Tanana region, Alaska. 

Tolovana River basin — Continued. No. on plate. 

Chatanika River below Poker Creek, 1907-1912 104 

Chatanika ditch near outlet, 1910 105 

Faith Creek at mouth, 1907, 1911-12.... . ................... .... 108 

Smith Creek above Pool Creek, 1911 107 

Pool Creek at mouth, 1911 108 

Charity Creek above Homestake Creek, 1910, 1912 103 

Homestake Creek at mouth, 1910, 1912 .110 

Kokomo Creek above Alder Creek, 1907 Ill 

Goldstream Creek at claim "No. 6 below," 1907 112 

Baker Creek basin: 

Baker Creek at road crossing, 1908 113 

New York Creek at Thanksgiving ditch intake, 1908-9 114 

California Creek at Thanksgiving ditch intake, 1908-9 115 

Thanksgiving ditch near outlet, 1908-9. 116 

California branch of Thanksgiving ditch near outlet, 1908 117 

Pioneer Creek above What Cheer Bar ditch intake, 1908-9 118 

What Cheer Bar ditch at intake, 1909 119 

Hutlinana Creek above Cairo Creek, 1908-9 120 

Hutlinana Creek below Cairo Creek, 1908 121 

Patterson Creek basin: 

Sullivan Creek above Tofty ditch intake, 1908-9 122 

YUKON RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION. 

The Yukon Eiver basin comprises the greater portion of the vast 
area lying between the Pacific Mountain system on the south and the 
Rocky Mountain system on the north. Over half of it lies in Canada, 
its tributaries rising far to the southeast in the rugged mountains of 
northeastern British Columbia and the Yukon Territory. The 
stream meanders northwesterly across the international boundary as 
far as the Arctic Circle, near which it gradually turns southwest and 
flows to Bering Sea. Heading in an area some portions of which are 
little more than a score of miles from the coast, it carries its drainage 
over 2,000 miles before finally discharging it into the sea. The fol- 
lowing table, showing the approximate lengths and drainage areas 
of some of the principal rivers of North America, shows the Yukon to 
rank fifth in size of drainage area. 

Length and drainage area of the principal rivers of North America. 



Rivers. 



Mississippi, with Missouri 

Mackenzie 

St. Lawrence 

Winnipeg and Nelson 

Yukon, with Lewes and Teslin 

Colorado and Green 

Columbia 

Ohio and Allegheny 



Approxi- 
mate 
length. 



Miles. 
6,000 
2,900 
2,600 
3,800 
2,300 
2,000 
1,200 
1,000 



Approxi- 
mate area 
of drainage 
basin. 



Sq. miles. 
1,244,000 
677,000 
565,000 
486,000 
330,000 
300,000 
259,000 
210,000 



YUKON EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



61 



The main Yukon is formed by the junction of the Pelly and Lewes, 
about 1,500 miles above the mouth. The chief tributaries below this 
junction in dowTistream order are the White, Stewart, Porcupine, 
Chandalar, Tanana, and Koyukuk. 

The drainage areas of the Yukon at various points along its course 
are shown in the following table: 

Drainage areas of Yukon River at different points along its course. 



Above — 



YUKON TERRITORY. 



White Horse . 
Dawson 



Eagle 

Fort Yukon. 
Rampart — 
Mouth 



Distance 

from 
mouth.o 



Miles. 
2,050 
1,534 



1,432 

1,157 

914 





Drainage 
area. 



Sq. miles. 
7,630 
115, 000 



122, 000 
177,000 
206,000 
330, 000 



a Distances as determined by Northern Navigation Co. 

Above Eagle the Yukon is in most places confined to one channel 
and is characterized by a swift current and occasional rapids. A 
general view of the Yukon Valley near Eagle is shown in Plate V, A. 
Below Eagle, in the vicinity of Fort Yukon, the river enters what is 
known as the Yukon Flats. For about 200 miles it flows rather slug- 
gishly through a wide valley in many channels and sloughs which 
frequently shift, causing much difficulty in navigation. The topog- 
raphy of the valley then changes again, and to the mouth of the 
Tanana the river flows for over 100 miles through a stretch which 
has been called the Lower Ramparts because of the rampart-like walls 
which bound it. In its remaining 800 miles the Yukon meanders 
through a valley never less than 2 miles wide in many channels and 
is marked by numerous islands and sand bars. A more complete 
description of the Yukon basin is given by Brooks.^ 

A station was maintained on Yukon River at Eagle during 1911 
and 1912 and daily gage-height records were obtained for the greater 
part of the open season. Previous to this very few data on the flow 
of the Yukon had been collected. Approximate measurements made 
by Dawson ^ at the confluence of Pelly and Lewes rivers gave a dis- 
charge of 66,955 second-feet late in the summer when the river was 
at about mean stage. 

Ogilvie,^ who made more careful measurements of the Yukon at 
the international boundary, gives considerable information as to the 

1 Brooks, A. H., The geography and geology of Alaska: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 45, p. 64, 1906. 
2Dawson,G.M., Yukon district and British Columbia: Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Canada Ann.Rept., 
vol.3,pt. l,p. 183,1889. 
3 Ogilvie, William, The Klondike Official Guide, Buffalo, p. 56, 1898. 



62 SURFACE WATER STJPPLl OF YUKON-TAN AN" A REGION, ALASKA. 

discharge. In December, 1895, the discharge was estimated at 
about 96,000 second-feet, the mean summer flow at about 135,000 
second-feet, and the flood flow at 180,000 to 225,000 second-feet. 
Kesults at Eagle, about 12 miles below, show that Ogilvie's estimate 
of a mean summer discharge of 135,000 is approximately correct, 
but that his estimates for winter flow and flood flow are too small. 

On September 8, 1899, when the Yukon was at a low summer 
stage, a discharge measurement made 73 miles above the mouth by 
the Coast and Geodetic Survey gave 436,000 second-feet. 

Miscellaneous measurements were made of the Fifty mile River at 
Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, in 1908 and of the Yukon at Rampart 
in the spring of 1909. (See pp. 66-67.) 



Water^surface May 22, 191 1, at time of highest discharge measurement 
Water surface September I4j9l2,at time of lowest open-channel discharge measurement 




Pa 



Approximate ^,,^^^f^^^^^^^^^^////////^^^^^^ 
April 24, I9ll,attime of measurement through ice 



200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 

DISTANCE IN FEET FROM INITIAL POINT 

Figure 5. — Cross section of Yukon River at measuring section at Eagle. 
YUKON RIVER AT EAGLE. ^ 

In May, 1911, a gage was estabhshed on Yukon River at Eagle, 
and gage readings were made from May 9 to September 30, 1911, 
and from May 20 to October 21, 1912. The gage consisted of a white 
strip about 3 feet wide painted on the rock face of a high bluff just 
below the town of Eagle (see PI. V, A), and graduated in black paint 
at intervals of a quarter of a foot, the even feet being marked by 
numbers sufficiently large to enable the gage to be read from Eagle, 
about half a mile distant, by telescope. The observer read the gage 
to one-eighth of a foot. 

Discharge measurements were made about 2 miles above Eagle by 
floats on a straight stretch of channel about 1,000 feet long whose 
cross section was beheved to be practically uniform. The river at 
this point is about 1,600 feet wide. About midlength of the proposed 
run for the float the cross section was determined by cutting holes 
through the ice at intervals of 50 feet and making soundings at each 
hole. The exposed section was determined by levels and, together 
with the section obtained by soundings, was referred to a permanent 
bench mark. (See fig. 5.) The bench mark is a notch cut in the 

1 For a fuller description of this station and its record of discharge for 1913, see Porter, E. A., and 
Davenport, R. W., The discharge of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 
Paper 345-F, 1914. 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE V 




A. YUKON RIVER AT EAGLE. 




B. FORTYMILE RIVER BELOW STEEL CREEK. 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE VI 




A. TYPICAL TOPOGRAPHY, MASTODON CREEK. 




B. HYDRAULICKING ON EAGLE CREEK. 



YUKON EIVER DEAINAGE BASIN. 63 

base of a willow at the top of the left bank 300 feet below the upper 
range line. The transit point at the upper end of the range Une is 
marked by a witness stake and a pile of stones. Seven feet back 
from the transit point a 2-inch birch is blazed and marked by three 
notches. Two prominent poplars about 6 inches in diameter stand 
about 50 feet back of the point and a little downstream. 

On April 24, 1911, the vertical velocity of the stream at the ice 
holes was determined by a Price current meter, and the discharge 
was computed as 10,100 second-feet. This is considered to be near 
the minimum discharge at Eagle for 1911 and it probably represents 
very closely the minimum from year to year. During May, 1911, 
seven discharge measurements were made by means of ice floats. 
In 1912 three measurements were made, two by driftwood floats and 
one by bottle floats. 

The iastruments used for these measurements were a transit and 
stop watch. The passage of ice cakes were timed over a run of 500 
feet and their location was determiaed by a transit on the upstream 
range line. Two men decided upon a cake as it crossed the upper 
range, and while one man followed it with the transit telescope the 
other went down to the lower range and when the float crossed signaled 
the transit man and noted the time. For the bottle floats ordiaary 
beer bottles, weighted with sand and marked with flags stuck in the 
necks, were used. White flags were found to be the most easily visible. 
The floats were dropped from a rowboat at intervals of about 75 feet 
across the stream above the upper range line. 

Observations were also made to determine the coefiicient required 
to reduce surface velocity to mean velocity. A rowboat with a 
sack of rocks as an anchor was employed. The very swift current 
of the Yukon, with depths of 20 to 30 feet, made the task diffl- 
cult. It was found necessary to use 200 pounds of rocks to furnish 
sufficient anchorage. When observations at a point were completed 
the rope was cut, the boat pulled to the shore as quickly as possible, 
and then hauled back upstream far enough for another trial. The 
results of these observations indicated a coefficient of 0.92, somewhat 
higher than is found in most streams. This coefficient was used for 
the reduction of all discharge measurements. AU "the measurements 
plot within 3 per cent of the mean rating curve, except that of May 
19, 1911, which plots 14 per cent greater, probably because of certain 
abnormal conditions of ice flow at the time of the measurement. 

Besides the records of daily discharge for the period 'of gage-height 
records, there is given a table showing the mean monthly discharge, 
run-off ia second-feet per square mile, and run-off in inches on the 
drainage area throughout 1911 and 1912. The portions of the years 
for which daily records were unavailable are based on the personal 



64 



SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



knowledge of conditions of winter flow and on miscellaneous measure- 
ments made through the ice. The error involved by such an estimate 
can not be great in its effect upon the total, for 77 per cent of the 
run-off for 1911 occurred in the 145 days of the gage-height record 
and 75 per cent of that in 1912 occurred in 155 days. 

The maximum discharge for 24 hours as given by the record was 
254,000 second-feet on May 22, 1911. The discharge has undoubtedly 
been considerably greater than this. The ordinary winter minimum 
has been estimated as about 10,000 second-feet, but this is probably 
rather excessive for the extreme minimum. The mean daily discharge 
for 1911 and 1912 is computed to be 88,300 second-feet. 

The mean annual run-off in depth in inches in 1911 and 1912, dis- 
tributed evenly over the drainage area of 122,000 square miles above 
Eagle, is 8.18 inches. The rainfall from November 1, 1910, to October 
30, 1912, is believed to have been close to normal. It seems reason- 
able to assume from the available precipitation records (p. 23) that 
the normal rainfall in this area is approximately 12 inches. If these 
assumptions are correct, the run-off from this area exceeds 60 per 
cent of the precipitation. ComparisoD of this result with various 
basins in the United States throws doubt on the accuracy of so high a 
percentage of run-off. As has already been shown, the drainage area 
of the Yukon presents decidedly different conditions from those in 
most river basins of the United States. 

The extensive areas of frozen ground are an obstacle to percolation, 
for when the upper layer of thawed earth is saturated the rainfall 
can only seek its way to the nearest watercourse, and it therefore 
escapes with a minimum of the losses which are promoted by perco- 
lation. The climate and topography are unfavorable for great losses 
by evaporation, and losses due to vegetation are small because the 
summer is too short and cool for luxuriant plant growth. 

It seems safe to state that the run-off per square mile from the 
drainage area of the Yukon above Eagle exceeds that of half the area 
of the United States. 



Discharge measurements of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska, 1911-12. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Apr. 24.. 


1911. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 

a 10, 100 
b 125,200 
b 125,200 
b 121,400 

5 215,600 

6 234,700 
5 237,700 


1911— Continued. 
May 22 


Feet. 
11.90 

3.45 

9.65 

-2.00 


Sec.-ft. 
b 253,300 


May 9.. 
10.. 




2.90 
3.10 
2.40 
7.50 
10.10 
11.25 


1912. 
May 21 








16 


c 126,800 


19 


July 29 


c 222,900 


20 


Sept. 14 


d 68,200 


21 











a Measiirement with current meter under ice. 

b Measurement with ice floats. 

c Measurement with floating driftwood. 

d Bottle floats l^sed .for determining velocities. 



YUKON EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



65 



Monthly discharge of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska, 1911 and 1912. 



Month. 



Discharge in second-feet. 



Mean. 



1911 



1912 



Per square mUe. 



1911 



1912 



Run-off (depth 
in inches). 



1911 



1912 



January 

February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November. 
December.. 



21,000 

15,000 

11,000 

12,000 

156,000 

184, 000 

178,000 

139,000 

106,000 

60,000 

37,000 

28,000 



21,000 

15, 000 

11,000 

12,000 

125,000 

160,000 

147,000 

127,000 

73, 600 

51,000 

37,000 

28, 000 



172 

123 

090 

098 

28 

51 

46 

14 

869 

492 

303 

230 



0.172 
.123 
.090 
.098 
1.02 
1.32 
1.20 
1.04 
.603 
.418 
.303 
.230 



0.20 

.13 

.10 

.11 

1.48 

1.68 

1.68 

1.31 

.97 

.57 

.34 

.27 



0.20 

.13 

.10 

.11 

1.18 

1.47 

1.38 

1.20 

.67 

.48 

.34 

.27 



The year 



8.84 



7.35 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska, 

for 1911-12. 



[Drainage 


area, 122,000 square miles. Observers: 


Jay Mattison, 1911; W. 


p. Thrall, 1912. 


1 




May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






8.9 
8.0 
7.5 
6.9 
6.4 

6.5 
6.4 
6.0 
6.9 
6.8 

6.6 
6.5 
6.2 
7.0 
6.4 

6.2 
6.5 
7,0 
8.0 
8.2 

8.4 
8.5 
8.1 
7.8 
7.4 

6.5 

7.0 
7.8 
8.0 
8.0 


210,000 
196,000 
188,000 
180,000 
172,000 

174,000 
172,000 
166,000 
180,000 
178,000 

175,000 
174,000 
169,000 
181, 000 
172,000 

169,000 
174,000 
181,000 
196,000 
199,000 

202,000 
204,000 
198,000 
193,000 
187,000 

174,000 
181,000 
193,000 
196,000 
196,000 


7.9 
7.8 
7.1 
7.0 
6.9 

6.8 
7.0 
7.1 

7.2 
7.4 

8.6 
8.2 
7.4 
7.0 
6.0 

6.2 

7.8 
9.0 
8.0 
7.2 

6.6 
6.0 
5.9 
5.9 
5.5 

6.0 
5.6 
5.5 
5.5 
5.4 
5.8 


194,000 
193,000 
182,000 
181,000 
180, 000 

178,000 
181,000 
182,000 
184,000 
187,000 

205,000 
199,000 
187,000 
181,000 
166,000 

169,000 
193,000 
211,000 
196,000 
184,000 

175,000 
166,000 
165, 000 
165, 000 
160,000 

166,000 
161,000 
160,000 
160,000 
158,000 
164, 000 


4.9 

4.8 
4.5 

4.8 
5.0 

5.5 
5.5 
5.0 
4.9 
4.4 

4.2 
4.0 
4.1 
4.1 
4.0 

3.9 
3.9 
4.2 
4.8 
4.6 

4.5 
4.2 
4.0 
3.9 
3.5 

3.0 
2.5 
2.2 
2.0 
1.9 
1.5 


151,000 
150,000 
146,000 
150, 000 
125,000 

160,000 
160,000 
152,000 
151,000 
144,000 

141,000 
138,000 
140,000 
140,000 
138,000 

137,000 
137, 000 
141,000 
150,000 
147,000 

146,000 
141,000 
138,000 
137,000 
132,000 

125,000 
118,000 
115,000 
112,000 
111,000 
108, 000 


1.5 
2.0 
4.5 
4.0 

3.8 

3.2 
3.0 

2.5 
2.1 
1.9 

1.5 
1.5 
2.0 
1.9 
1.6 

1.4 

""'o.'i 

"'-6.' 5 


108,000 
112,000 
146, 000 
138,000 
136,000 

128,000 
125, 000 
118,000 
114,000 
111,000 

108,000 
108,000 
112,000 
111,000 
109,000 

106,000 
105,000 
103,000 
102,000 
100,000 

98,000 
96,000 
94,000 
92,000 
90,600 

88,000 
84,000 
82,000 
80,000 
78,000 






2 .. . 










3 . ... 










4 










5 










6 










7 










8 










9 


2.9 
3.1 


124,000 
126,000 

123,000 
120,000 
117,000 
115,000 
117,000 

118,000 
117,000 
138,000 
184,000 
232,000 

244,000 
254,000 
248, 000 
228,000 
214,000 

181,000 
180,000 
174,000 
174,000 
175, 000 
188,000 






10 






11 






12 








13 








14 


2.2 
2.4 

2.5 
2.4 
4.0 
7.2 
10.4 

11.2 
11.9 
11.5 
10.1 
9.2 

7.0 
6.9 
6.5 
6.5 
6.6 
7.5 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






2Q 






30 






.^1 




















Mean dis- 




169,000 
1.39 

1.19 
254,000 
115,000 
A 




184,000 
1.51 

1.68 
210,000 
166,000 
A 




178,000 
1.46 

1.68 
211,000 
158,000 

A 




139,000 
1.14 

1.31 
160,000 
108,000 
A 





106,000 
0.869 

0.97 
146,000 
78,000 
A 






Second- 
feet per 
square 
mile 








Run-off 
(deptii 
in inch- 
es on 
drainage 








Maximum 
Minimum 
Accuracy 




















42913°— wsp 342—15 5 



66 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAKANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska, 

for 1911-12— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
hei^t. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
heignt. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






10.2 

10.2 

10.2 

9.4 

7.8 

5.9 
4.5 
3.3 
2.6 
2.5 

2.5 
2.7 
3.1 
3.5 
3.8 

4.1 
6.2 
7.0 
6.8 
6.3 

5.7 
5.4 
6.0 
7.0 
7.1 

7.1 
6.2 
5.5 
4.8 
4.0 


229,000 
229,000 
229,000 
217,000 
193,000 

165,000 
146,000 
129,000 
120,000 
118,000 

118,000 
121,000 
126,000 
132,000 
136,000 

140,000 
169,000 
181,000 
178,000 
171,000 

162,000 
158, 000 
166, 000 
181,000 
182,000 

182,000 
169,000 
160,000 
150,000 
138,000 


3.7 
3.5 
3.0 

2.8 
2.8 

3.2 
4.0 

4.8 
4.8 

*"""3.'8 
3.7 

3.5 
3.2 
3.0 

2.8 
2.8 

2.8 
3.2 
4.3 
6.0 
6.2 

5.8 
5.4 
7.1 
10.0 
10.9 
8.0 


134,000 
132,000 
125,000 
122,000 
122,000 

128,000 
138,000 
150,000 
150,000 
147,000 

144,000 
141,000 
138,000 
136,000 
134,000 

132,000 
128,000 
125,000 
122,000 
122,000 

122,000 
128,000 
143,000 
167, 000 
169,000 

164,000 
158,000 
182,000 
226,000 
240,000 
196,000 


7.5 
6.5 
6.1 
5.0 
4.5 

4.2 
3.9 
4.7 
4.0 
3.7 

3.2 
4.5 
4.7 
5.7 
5.0 

3.0 
2.8 
2.2 
2.0 
2.0 

1.9 
1.7 
1.4 
1.2 

.8 


188,000 
174,000 
168,000 
152,000 
146,000 

141,000 
137,000 
148, 000 
138,000 
134,000 

128,000 
146,000 
148, 000 
162,000 
152,000 

125, 000 
122, 000 
115,000 
112,000 
112,000 

111,000 
110,000 
106,000 
103,000 
98,300 

97,000 
95,500 
94,500 
93,000 
92,000 
90,500 


"-6.'2 
"- .5 

'"-i.'s 

"-2." 6 
-2.1 

-2.2 
-1.5 

""-i."6 

"-2." 6 


89,000 
87,300 
85,500 
84,000 
82,000 

80,000 
78,000 
77,000 
76,000 
74,000 

72,000 
70,000 
69,000 
68,000 
67,100 

66,200 
73,000 
76,000 
78,500 
76,000 

74,000 
72,000 
70,000 
68,000 
67,000 

66,500 
66,000 
65,500 
65,000 
64,500 


"-2." 5 
"'-3.'6 

-4.0 


64,000 


2 






63,500 


3 






62,000 
59,000 
58,000 


4 






5 






6 






57,000 


7 






56,000 


8 






55,000 


9 






54,000 
53,000 

52,500 


10 






11 






12 






52,000 


13 






51,500 


14 






51,000 


15 






50,500 
50,000 


16 






17 






49,500 


18 






49,000 


19 






48,500 


20 

21 

22 


3.6 

3.4 
3.2 
3.5 
3.7 
4.5 

5.2 
6.4 
7.1 
7.9 

8.8 
9.8 


133,000 

130,000 
128,000 
132, 000 
134,000 
146,000 

155,000 
172,000 
182,000 
194, 000 
208,000 
223, 000 


48,000 
47,500 


23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 
charge. . 




161,000 
1.32 

0.59 
223,000 
128,000 
A 




160,000 
1.32 

1.47 
229,000 
118,000 
A 




147,000 
1.20 

1 38 
240,000 
122,000 
A 




127,000 
1.04 

1.20 

188,000 

90,500 

A 




73,600 
0.603 

0.67 
89,000 
64,500 
A 




53,900 


Second- 
feet per 
square 
mile 




0.442 


Run-off 
(depth 
in inch- 
es on 
drainage 
area) . . 




0.35 


Maximum 
Minimum 
Accuracy- 




64,000 
47,500 

A 



a Ice commenced running. 
YUKON RIVER AT RAMPART. 

A cross section and a discharge measurement were obtained on 
May 1, 1909, just above the mouth of Rampart Creek, which is a 
small tributary from the south at the lower end of the town of Ram- 
part. The bed is thought to be semipermanent and the channel is 
straight for at least 1,000 feet above and below the point of measure- 
ment. The banks on each side are high, with long gentle slopes. 
The left slope is of cemented gravel and bowlders; the right is of 
small gravel and is liable to slight changes. At the time the cross 
section was made the ice varied in thickness from 4 to 4-| feet, which 
was probably the maximum for the winter. The width of the sec- 
tion at the highest level of the ice was 1,560 feet, and its width at the 
water's surface was 1,300 feet, so that for 250 feet the ice was in 



FOKTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



67 



contact with the bed. The stage of the river at the time of the first 
ice cover ui the fall was considerably higher than at the time of the 
measurement, and as the water lowered its width decreased and the 
ice sheet fell, coming into contact with the previously submerged 
sloping bank. The greatest depth of water below the bottom of the 
ice was found to be 15.9 feet at a distance of 420 feet from the left 
edge of the ice. 

On May 19 and 21, 1909, two float measurements were made by 
timing ice cakes over a 500-foot range. The distance of the ice cakes 
from the shore was estimated, but it is believed no large error was 
introduced by this, for the velocity and section were very uniform. 
The measurements are considered to be only approximate. The 
stage was considerably above the mean for the summer. 

Discharge measurements of Yukon River at Rampart, 1909. 



Date. 



Width. 



May 1 
May 19 
May 21 



Feet. 
1,360 
1,750 
1,750 



Area. 



Sq.ft. 
11,700 
58, 100 
58, 500 



Mean 
velocity. 



Ft. pr. sec. 
0.93 
6.32 
6.31 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
10,900 
367, 000 
369, 000 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 

51.6 
80.9 
81.1 



Drainage 
area. 



Sq. mi. 
206, 000 
206,000 
206, 000 



Discharge 

per 

square 

mile. 



Sec.-ft. 
0.05 
1.78 
1.79 



a Bottom of the ice. 
FIFTYMILE RIVER AT WHITEHORSE, YUKON TERRITORY. 

Since 1902 the White Pass & Yukon Railroad Co. has kept daily 
records of the stage of Fiftymile River at Whitehorse and of the 
dates of opening and closing of navigation. In the spring of 1908 
members of the United States Geological Survey, on their way to 
the interior of Alaska, made the following measurements of the river 
at this point: 

Miscellaneous measurements of Fiftymile River at Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, 1908. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Discharge. 


Drainage 
area. 


Discharge 

per square 

mile. 


June 10 


Inches. 
16| 


Sec.-ft. 
4,490 
5,100 


Sq. miles. 
7,630 
7,630 


Sec.-ft. 
0.588 


June 16 


.668 







FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Fortymile River is tributary to Yukon River in the Yukon Territory 
at longitude 140° 30' west and latitude 64° 30' north, about 50 miles 
below Dawson, Yukon Territory, and about the same distance above 
Eagle, Alaska. The main river rises in Alaska and enters Canadian 
territory about 23 miles above its moutli. Some of its southern tribu- 
taries also rise hi Canadian territory. Of its total drainage area of 



68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

6,350 square miles, about 4 per cent lies in Canadian territory. The 
area is roughly fan-shaped, the extreme diametric dimensions being 
approximately 100 miles. The stream flow is predominantly from 
west to east. About 40 miles in an air line from its mouth the river 
divides into North and South forks, and again these subdivide some- 
what symmetrically into other forks. These tributaries will be 
described more in detail on later pages. 

On the north the tributaries interlock with those of Mission Creek 
and Seven tymile and Charley rivers in high, rocky ridges, of which 
Glacier Mountain is the most prominent. From the west Good- 
paster, Volkmar, and Healy rivers take the adjoining drainage from 
mountains equally rugged. In the southeast the streams head 
in a country of relatively low relief at a distance of only a few 
miles from Tanana River. Ladue Creek and Sixtymile River form 
the opposing drainage on the east and southeast, the moderately low 
dividing range being accentuated by several large dome-shaped 
mountains. 

A prominent feature of the lower Fortymile basin is the well-defined 
bench which marks the elevation of an earlier valley floor. In the 
vicinity of Steel Creek this bench is about 500 feet above the stream 
bed. The planes of the present and of the older valley floors coincide 
near the mouth of Kechumstuk Creek at an elevation of about 2,000 
feet above sea level. A view of the Fortymile Valley just below Steel 
Creek is shown in Plate V, B. 

MAIN STEM OF FORTYMILE RIVER. 
DESCRIPTION. 

The main stem of Fortymile River, as determined by the area of 
drainage, consists of sections named in downstream order Dennison 
Fork, South Fork, and Fortymile River, Dennison Fork joining 
Mosquito Fork to form the South Fork. 

Dennison Fork has its source in a country characterized by wide 
swampy valleys which slope gently into fairly high mountains. The 
ridge separating its drainage from that of Tanana River parallels the 
Tanana at a distance varying from 4 to 10 miles. Its drainage area 
of 1,540 square miles is about equally divided between two forks 
which unite to form the main stream about 12 miles above its mouth. 

DENNISON FORK AT MOUTH. 

This station was located about one-half mile above the junction 
with Mosquito Fork, one-half mile below the mouth of a small 
tributary from the right known as Deep Creek, and 2^ miles south of 
Chicken post office. 

A gage was instaUed and one discharge measurement was made 
in 191-1. This gage was carried out by the high water of June 17, 
1912, and a second was installed by the observer on June 19, all 



portymile river drainage basin. 



69 



1912 measurements being referred to the latter. The relation between 
the two gages was determined approximately from the 1911 measure- 
ment and all gage readings before June 17 were reduced to the datum 
of the 1912 gage. 

The drainage area of Dennison Fork is nearly one-fourth that of 
Fortymile River at the mouth: Some prospecting has been done 
in its basin, but no attractive discoveries have been made and 
there are practically no settlers in the entire area. The meager 
records give some idea of the character of its flow. It is believed that 
the run-off for June, 1912, was abnormally large and that the dis- 
charge of 6,500 second-feet on June 17 is nearly the maximum for 
this stream. It is estimated that the minimum summer discharge is 
less than 100 second-feet. 

Discharge measurements of Dennison Fork at mouth, 1911 and 1912. 



Date. 




Dis- 
charge. 



1911 
Aug. 23 

1912 

July 9 - 

Aug. 15 

Aug. 16 



Sec-ft. 



139 



203 

807 
625 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Dennison Fork at mouth, for 1912. 
[Drainage area, 1,540 square miles. Observer, J. V. Anderson.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


1 
s. 

O 


6 
o 

en 

s 


4J 

o 


6 

O 

CO 

s 


'3 

<s 

O 


s 




a5 

ft 




q5 


4^ 

'S 


q5 

•s 

5 


1 






2.25 
1.90 
1.70 
1.50 
1.35 

1.20 

'i'.bh' 

".'85' 


970 

650 
515 
396 
324 

260 
240 
220 
203 
190 

180 
170 
160 

148 






26 


3.50 
3.40 
3.60 
2.80 
2.50 


2,500 
2,360 
2,640 
1,600 
1,240 










2 






0.80 


135 


27 










3 






28 










4 










29 










5 










30 












3.40 
3.20 
3.00 
2.65 
2.50 

2.30 
2.65 
2.95 
2.90 
3.00 

5.00 
5.80 


2,360 

2,080 
1,840 
1,420 
1,240 

1,020 
1,420 
1,780 
1,720 
1,840 

4,960 
6,500 
5,400 
4,280 
3,260 

2,940 
2,780 
2,780 
2,640 
2,080 






31 










6 . 


Mean dis- 
charge 














7 








2,590 
1.68 

1.56 

6,500 

1,020 

C 




330 
0.214 

0.11 
970 
148 
B 






8 








9 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 








10 
















11 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) . . 








12 








13 








14 








15 


2.10 
1.85 


820 
615 










Maximum . . 








16 


Minimum 








17 






Accuracy 








18 


















19 


4.60 
4.00 

3.80 












20 












21 












22 












23 














24 


3.60 
3.20 












25 

























YO SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 

SOUTH FORK OF FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION. 

Mosquito Fork, wMch joins Dennison Fork from the north, to form 
South Fork, heads at an elevation of 3,000 to 4,000 feet in a ridge 
parallehng Tanana River about 20 miles from that stream and flows 
generally northeast for about 75 miles. Its drainage area comprises 
1,120 square miles. Chicken Creek, the first tributary above the 
mouth, though of small drainage area, is economically important as 
a gold producer. Gold Creek joins from the north about 20 miles 
above Dennison Fork, and Kechumstuk Creek enters from the same 
side about 8 miles farther upstream. Near the mouth of Kechumstuk 
Creek, at an elevation of about 2,000 feet, an abrupt decrease in 
stream gradient is noticeable, and the valley above this place widens 
and becomes swampy. The valley floor narrows again about 8 miles 
above, at a point where a spur from the south approaches the stream. 
This spur marks the lower end of the flat swampy area known as 
Mosquito Flats, which constitutes a large portion of the upper drain- 
age area of Mosquito Fork. These fiats extend along the stream for 
about 20 miles, and at some places are 12 to 14 miles wide. They 
are a tangle of lakes and sloughs, and it is said that during a wet 
season they are practically covered with water. 

The principal tributaries to South Fork below the junction of Denni- 
son and Mosquito forks are Atwater Creek, Walker Fork, Napoleon, 
FrankUn, Buckskin, Uhler, and Butte creeks. The largest of these 
is Walker Fork, and it is also the most important because of the 
placer gold produced by its tributaries. The more prominent of these 
are Poker, Davis, Cherry, and Twelvemile creeks. Liberty Fork, and 
Wade Creek. 

SOUTH FORK AT FRANKLIN. 

This station was located about 50 yards above the mouth of 
Franklin Creek and 75 yards from the Franklin road house. It was 
established on July 9, 1910, and records have been obtained for 
three seasons. Discharge measurements were made from a boat 
at high stages and by wading at low. Freshets, which bring gravel 
down Franklin Creek and deposit it below the gage, have caused 
slight changes in the control and, consequently, in the ratings, but 
the discharges are nevertheless believed to be very reliable. The 
maximum discharge for the period of the records was 12,600 second- 
feet on June 17, 1912. This is reported by the settlers to have been 
the highest stage for many years. The discharge reached a minimum 
of 134 second-feet on August 4 and 5, 1910. 



FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 71 

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Fortymile River at Franklin, 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1910 

July 10 

Aug. 3 

4 

11 

15 

1911 

May 25 

31 

June 2 

July 11 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.71 
2.22 
2.20 
3.88 
2.77 



4.30 
5.26 
4.17 
2.75 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
651 
154 
146 
2,470 
800 



2,900 

3,870 

2,460 

905 



Date. 



1911— Continued 
July 15 

16 

Aug. 22 

28 

1912. 

June 7 

July 8 

Aug. 11 

11 

12 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
5.40 
5.94 
2.33 
2.05 



4.94 
2.50 
2.82 
3.75 
6.21 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

4,130 

4,890 

455 

204 



3,860 
522 
1,100 
2,210 
6,550 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second- feet, of South Fork of Fortymile River 

at Franklin for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 3,180 square miles. Observer, John Roberts.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


<B 

o 


M 


4J 

"S 
xi 


03 

O 
OQ 

ft 


'S 
© 


ft 


© 


© 
o 

5 


-(J 

•f-i 
© 

© 


© 

C3 

rd 
O 

w 

ft 


© 
© 


1 

O 

ft 


1910. 
1 






2.25 
2.25 
2.23 
2.21 
2.21 

2.17 
2.17 
2.25 


179 
179 
166 
153 
153 

134 
134 
179 


2.50 
2.50 
2.54 
2.54 
2.50 

2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.50 

2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.54 
2.54 

2.58 
2.58 
2.67 
2.67 
2.67 


420 
420 
468 
468 
420 

420 
420 
420 
420 
420 

420 
420 
420 

468 
468 

516 
516 
631 
631 
631 


1910. 
21 


2.42 
2.42 
2.42 
2.42 
2.42 

2.38 
2.33 
2.33 
2.33 
2.33 
2.33 


324 
324 
324 
324 
324 

282 
237 
237 
237 
237 
237 


2.67 
2.67 
2.67 
2.67 
2.67 

2.62 
2.62 
2.62 
2.58 
2.54 
2.54 


631 
631 
631 
631 
631 

566 
566 
566 
516 
468 
468 


2.67 
2.62 
2.62 
2.58 
2.58 

2.58 
2.58 
2.54 
2.54 
2.50 


631 


2 






22 


566 


3 






23 


566 


4 






24 


516 


5 






25 


516 


6 






26 


516 


7 






27 


516 


8 






28 


468 


9 


2.75 
2.71 

2.67 
2.60 
2.73 
2.85 
2.83 

2.85 
2.88 
2.85 
2.50 
2.46 


735 
683 

631 
540 
709 
870 
842 

870 
912 
870 
420 
372 


5.38 
4.79 

3.92 
3.54 
3.23 
2.92 
2.79 

2.73 
2.77 
2.83 
2.83 
2.73 


5,120 
4,060 

2,530 

1,900 

1,420 

968 

787 

709 
761 

842 
842 
709 


29...; 


468 


10 


30 


420 




31 




11 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 






12 




502 
0.158 

0.13 
912 
237 
A 




911 
0.286 

0.33 
5,120 
134 
B 






13 


487 


14 


Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 






0.153 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 






17 




18 




19 




20 


0.17 




Maximum. . 




631 




Minimum. . 
Accuracy 




420 
A 











72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN"ANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Fortymile River 

at Franklin for 1910-1912 — Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






4.77 
4.27 
4.07 
3.97 
4.01 

4.12 
3.82 
3.77 
2.90 
2.50 

2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.20 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 


3,240 
2,560 
2,300 
2,170 
2,210 

2,340 

1,950 

1,910 

940 

575 

575 

575 
575 
575 
495 

495 
495 
495 
495 
415 
415 
415 
415 
415 
340 

340 
340 
340 
340 
340 


2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 

2.20 
3.00 
3.20 
2.65 
2.75 

2.70 
2.70 
2.65 
2.60 

4.75 

5.40 
5.10 
4.00 
3.35 
2.65 
2.60 
2.50 
2.40 
2.35 
2.30 

2.30 
2.25 
2.25 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 


340 
340 
340 
340 
340 

340 

1,040 

1,250 

705 

795 

750 
750 
705 
660 
3,210 

4,140 

3,700 

2,210 

1,420 

705 

660 

575 

495 

455 

415 

415 
378 
378 
340 
340 
340 


2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.10 
2.10 

2.10 
2.10 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

2.00 
2.15 
2.20 
2.30 
2.30 

2.30 
2.30 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.30 
2.25 
2.30 
2.20 

2.20 
2.15 
2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.10 


340 
340 
340 
265 
265 

265 
265 
200 
200 
200 

200 
302 
340 
415 
415 

415 
415 
495 
495 
495 
495 
415 
378 
415 
340 

340 
302 
265 
265 
265 
265 


2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
'2.00 
2.00 

2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

2.05 
2.20 
2.30 
2.40 
2.40 

2.40 
2.30 
2.30 
2.20 
2.20 


200 
200 
200 
200 
200 

200 
200 
200 
200 
200 

232 
340 
415 
495 
495 

495 
415 
415 
340 
340 






2 










3 










4 










5 










6 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 




















18 










19 


7.57 


a7,000 
06, 000 
a5,000 
a4,000 
a3,000 
a3,000 
2,690 

3,100 
2,690 
2,170 
1,780 
2,300 
4,100 






20 






21 








22 












23 












24 












25 


4.37 

4.67 
4.37 
3.97 
3.67 
4.07 
5.37 










26 










27 










28 










29 










30 










31 
























Mean dis- 
charge. . 
Second-feet per 
square mile. . 
Run-oflf (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 




3,600 
1.13 

0.55 
7,000 
1,780 

C 




970 
0.305 

0.34 
3,240 
340 
B 




932 
0.293 

0.34 
4,140 
340 
B 




336 
0.106 

0.12 

495 
200 
B 





299 
0.094 

0.07 
495 
200 
B 


















Minimum 

























Discharge estimated. 



POETYMILE EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



73 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Fortymile River 
at Franhlin for 1910-1912 — Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 


2.65 
2.80 
2.90 
3.10 
3.10 

3.20 
3.30 
3.75 
4.70 
4.40 

4.75 
4.70 
4.70 
4.80 
4.60 

4.25 
4.10 
3.90 
3.55 
3.55 

3.55 
3.40 
3.20 
3.10 
3.00 

3.00 

2.90 

2.80 

4.85 

6.1 

4.80 


735 

930 

1,060 

1,320 

1,320 

1,450 
1,580 
2,210 
3,540 
3,120 

3,610 
3,540 
3,540 
3,680 
3,400 

2,910 
2,700 
2,420 
1,930 
1,930 

1,930 
1,720 
1,450 
1,320 
1,190 

1,190 
1,060 
930 
3,750 
5,540 
3,680 


4.50 
5.15 
7.5 
7.2 

6.4 

5.60 
4.80 
4.20 
3.85 
3.65 

3.45 
3.45 
4.15 
5.20 
7.0 

8.1 

10.5 

10.0 

8.4 

8.4 

7.2 
7.1 
7.0 
6.0 
5.25 

5.00 
4.80 
4.75 
4.55 
3.95 


3,260 
4,170 
7,600 
7,180 
5,960 

4,800 
3,680 
2,840 
2,350 
2,070 

1,790 
1,790 
2,770 
4,240 
6,900 

8,560 

12, 600 

11,700 

9,040 

9,040 

7,180 
7,040 
6,900 
5,400 
4,310 

3,960 
3,680 
3,610 
3,330 
2,490 


3.15 
3.05 
3.00 
2.75 
2.50 

2.40 
2.40 
2.50 
2.45 
2.40 

2.35 
2.30 
2.30 
2.20 
2.20 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.10 
2.10 

2.10 
3.55 
2.85 
2.80 
2.70 

2.60 
2.50 
2.40 
2.30 
2.30 
2.40 


1,380 

1,260 

1,190 

865 

550 

450 
450 
550 
500 
450 

405 
360 
360 
290 
290 

290 
290 
290 
230 
230 

230 
1,930 
1,100 
1,040 

930 

820 
710 
610 
520 
520 
610 


2.20 
2.30 
2.45 
2.50 
2.50 

2.65 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 
2.80 

3.85 
6.50 
5.25 
3.95 
3.60 

3.25 
3.00 
2.90 
3.00 
2.90 

2.90 
2.80 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 

2.70 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.70 
2.70 


440 
520 
660 
710 
710 

875 
1,150 
1,150 
1,150 
1,040 

2,350 
6,100 
4,310 
2,490 
2,000 

1,560 
1,260 
1,150 
1,260 
1,150 

1,150 

1,040 

930 

930 

930 

930 

1,040 

1,040 

1,040 

930 

930 


2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.50 

2.50 
2.50 
2.60 
2.70 
2.80 

2.85 
3.00 
2.95 
2.85 
2.65 

2.55 

"3." 26' 
3.55 
3.85 

3.60 
3.50 
3.20 
3.05 
2.85 

2.85 
2.85 
2.85 
2.85 
2.80 


820 
820 
820 
820 
710 

710 
710 
820 
930 
1,040 

1,100 
1,260 
1,200 
1,100 

875 

765 

765 

1,500 

1,930 

2,350 

2,000 
1,860 
1,500 
1,320 
1,100 

1,100 
1,100 
1,100 
1,100 
1,040 


2.60 
2.60 
2.45 
2.40 
2.40 

2.30 
2.25 
2.20 
2.20 
2.15 

2.10 
2.10 
2.10 


820 


2 


820 


3 


660 


4 


610 


5 


610 


6 


520 


7 


480 


8 


440 


9 


440 


10 


405 


11 


370 


12 


370 


13 


370 


14 




15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 
charge. . 




2,280 
0.717 

0.83 
5,540 
735 
B 


::: 


5,340 
1.68 

1.87 
12,600 
1,790 
B 




635 
0.200 

0.23 
1,930 
230 
A 




1,380 
0.437 

0.50 
6,100 
440 
A 




1,140 
0.358 

0.40 
2,350 
710 
A 




532 


Second-feet per 
square mile . . 




0. 167 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Mfi^rimnm 




0.08 
820 


Minimum 




370 


Accuracy 




A 









FORTYMILE RIVER AT STEEL CREEK. 

This gaging station was located 100 yards above the mouth of 
Steel Creek, at the Steel Creek road house, was estabhshed June 28, 
1910, and has been maintained three seasons. AU discharge meas- 
urements were made from a boat, in most of them only surface 
velocities being taken. The control is permanent and the rating 
should be very accurate. (See fig. 4, p. 55.) On May 19, 1911, the 
gage was taken out by high water, necessitating interpolation of dis- 
charges to May 23, when a new gage was installed. 

The maximum stage for the period was recorded May 19, 1911, and 
indicated a discharge of approximately 37,000 second-feet. The 
minimum discharge of 420 second-feet occurred August 10, 1910. 
These values are probably close to the true maximum and minimum 
for the summer season at this point. 



74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Fortymile River at Steel Creek, 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1910 

June 29 

30 

July 31 

Aug. 16 

1911 

May 23 

June 7 

July 8 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 

7.60 

6.35 

.10 

1.10 



4.52 
6.46 
3.37 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

15,900 

11,500 

a 575 

o 1,340 



6,620 

11, 500 

4,170 



Date. 



1911— Continued 

July 27 

Sept. 3 

1912. 

June 3 

July 3 

Aug. 5 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
0.85 
.90 



7.73 
2.60 
1.68 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
998 
1,010 



15,000 
2,990 
1,850 



a Velocities taken at 0.6 depth. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fortymile River at Steel Creeh 

for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 5,890 square miles. Observers: T. E. Phillips, 1910; J, C. Kemp, 1911-12.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 










5.3 

4.2 

3.35 

2.45 

2.00 

2.25 
1.85 
1.45 
1.05 
1.90 

1.80 
1.75 
1.80 
1.95 
1.50 

1.40 

1.25 

1.00 

.80 

.70 

.60 
.40 
.40 
.45 
.45 

.60 
.50 
.35 
.30 
.20 
.10 


8,480 
5,840 
4,130 
2,750 
2,200 

2,500 
2,020 
1,610 
1,220 
2,080 

1,960 
1,910 
1,960 
2,140 
1,660 

1,560 
1,410 
1,180 
1,020 
940 

860 
740 
740 
770 
770 

860 
800 
710 
680 
620 
570 


0.10 
.10 
.10 
.10 

0.0 

- .05 

- .10 
0.0 
5.0 
5.0 

3.75 
2.90 
2.25 
1.80 
1.40 

1.10 
1.05 
1.25 
1.20 
1.20 

1.35 
1.30 
1.10 
1.00 
.95 

1.05 

1.00 

1.00 

.95 

.95 

.80 


570 
570 
570 
570 
520 

495 

470 

520 

7,740 

7,740 

4 880 
3,400 
2,500 
1,960 
1,560 

1,260 
1,220 
1,410 
1,360 
1,360 

1,510 
1,460 
1,260 
1,180 
1,140 

1,220 
1,180 
1,180 
1,140 
1,140 
1,020 


0.60 

.60 

.60 

1.00 

1.20 

1.20 
1.30 
1.20 
1.05 
.90 

.90 
.90 

.85 
.80 
.80 

2.30 
2.55 
2.80 
2.40 
2.10 

1.50 

'i.'os' 


860 

860 

860 

1,180 

1,360 

1,360 
1,460 
1,360 
1,220 
1,100 

1,100 
1,100 
1,060 
1,020 
1,020 

2,560 
2,890 
3,240 
2,680 
2,320 

1,660 
1,440 
1,220 






2 














3 














4 














5 














6 














7 














8 














8 














10 














11 














12 














13 














14 














15 














16 














17 














18 .. .. 














19 














20 














21 














22 














23 














24 














25 


















26 


















27 .... 


















28 






7.0 

7.2 
6.4 


13, 300 
13,900 
11,500 










29 














30 














31 
































Mean dis- 
charge . 








12,900 
2.19 

0.24 
13,900 
11,500 
B 




1,830 
0.311 

0.36 
8,480 
570 
A 




1,750 
0.297 

0.34 
7,740 
470 
A 





1,520 
0.258 

0.22 
3,240 
860 
A 






Second-feet per 
square mile . . 












Rim-ofE( depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum . . . 






















Minimum 












Accuracy 

























FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASDST. 



75 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fortymile River at Steel Creeh 

for 1910-1912— Goniimxedi. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge, 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






8.2 
6.5 
6.7 
6.5 
6.2 

7.2 
6.2 
5.1 
4.4 
4.0 

3.70 
3.10 
3.80 
3.05 
3.10 

4.0 

3.70 

3.75 

3.35 

2.75 

2.30 
2.85 
1.75 
1.60 
1.55 

1.40 
1.25 
1.25 
1.45 
1.20 


17,100 
11,800 
12,400 
11,800 
11,000 

13,900 

11,000 

7,980 

6,300 

5,400 

4,780 
3,720 
4,980 
3,640 
3,720 

5,400 
4,780 
4,880 
4,130 
3,170 

2,560 
3,320 
1,910 
1,760 
1,710 

1,560 
1,410 
1,410 
1,610 
1,360 


1.20 
1.20 
.95 
2.25 
2.80 

4.7 

4.3 

3.40 

2.70 

2.00 

1.60 
1.40 

""".'85' 
1.50 

4.10 
3.75 
2.15 
1.90 
1.60 

1.10 
1.40 
1.60 
1.50 
.95 

.90 
.90 
1.45 
1.50 
.95 
.65 


1,360 
1,360 
1,140 
2,500 
3,240 

7,020 
6,060 
4,220 
3,100 
2,200 

1,760 
1,560 
1,310 
1,060 
1,660 

5,620 
4,880 
2,380 
2,080 
1,760 

1,260 
1,560 
1,760 
1,660 
1,140 

1,100 
1,100 
1,610 
1,660 
1,140 
900 


0.45 
.25 
.15 
.10 
.10 

.10 
-f- .10 

- .05 

- .15 

- .20 

+ .05 

.75 

1.35 

.85 

.90 

1.40 
2.35 
2.00 
1.90 
1.75 

1.40 
1.00 

.85 
.65 
.50 

.45 
.35 
.30 
.30 
.30 


770 
650 
590 
570 
570 

570 
570 
495 
445 
420 

545 

980 

1,510 

1,060 

1,100 

1,560 
2,620 
2,200 
2,080 
1,910 

1,560 

1,180 

1,060 

900 

800 

770 
710 
680 
680 
680 
680 


1.00 
.90 
.80 
.70 

"".'eo" 

.55 

.90 
1.50 
2.15 
2.05 
1.95 

1.75 

1.30 

.95 

.55 

.40 


1,180 

1,100 

1,020 

940 

920 

900 
900 
880 
860 
830 

1,100 
1,660 
2,380 
2,260 
2,140 

1,910 

1,460 

1,140 

830 

740 






2 










3 










4 










5 ... . 










6 ... . 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 


4.5 

5.2 

7.1 

12.6 


6,540 

8.220 

13, 600 

33,400 

31,000 

15,000 

10,000 

6,000 

5,840 

7,980 

12,700 

12,100 

9,000 

9,000 

9,280 

17,100 






17 






18 






19 




20 






21 








22 












23 












24 


4.2 
5.1 

6.8 
6.6 
5.5 
5.5 

5.6 

8.2 










25 










26 










27 










28 










29 










30 










31 
























Mean dis- 
charge . . 




12,900 
2.19 

1.30 
33,400 
5,840 
B 





5,680 
0.965 

1.08 
17,100 
1,360 
A 




2,300 
0.390 

0.45 
7,020 
900 
A 




997 
0. 169 

0.19 
2,620 
420 
B 




1,260 
0.214 

0.16 
2,380 
740 
B 






Second-feet per 
square mile . . 








Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 








Maximum 














Accuracy 

















I'G SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON~TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fortymile River at Steel Creek 

for 1910-1912— QoJiti-nMQdi. 



Day. 



1912. 



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 



Mean dis- 
charge. . 

Second-feetper 
square mile . . 

RujQ-ofi ( depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 

Minimum 

Accuracy 



May. 



Gage 
height, 



2.90 

3.10 

3.45 

4.1 

4.5 

5.0 

5.0 
5.4 
5.6 
6.3 
5.5 

5.4 
5.6 
5.3 
4.8 
3.90 

3.90 

4.0 

4.0 

3.75 

2.65 



Dis- 
charge 



3,400 

3,720 
4,310 
5,620 
6,540 
7,740 

7,740 
8,740 
9,280 
11,200 
9,000 

8,740 
9,280 
8,480 
7,260 
5,180 

5,180 
5,400 
5,400 
4,880 
3,030 

2,620 
2,080 
2,200 
8,220 
15, 800 
11,200 



6,750 
1.15 



1.15 
15, 800 
2,080 
A 



June. 



Gage 
height, 



4.9 
5.2 
8.0 
6.8 
5.8 

4.8 

4.0 

3.30 

2.95 

3.10 

3.20 

2.95 

5.2 

6.6 

6.2 

9.6 
12.1 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 

(a) 
7.4 
7.6 
7.1 
5.9 

6.0 

5.7 

4.7 

3.90 

3.35 



Dis- 
charge, 



7,500 

8,220 

16, 400 

12, 700 

9,840 

7,260 
5,400 
4,040 
3,480 
3,720 

3,880 

3,480 

8,220 

12, 100 

11,000 

22,000 
31,400 
29,200 
22,600 
22,600 

18,000 
14,500 
15,100 
13, 600 
10, 100 

10,400 
9,560 
7,020 
5,180 
4,130 



11,800 
2.00 



2.23 
31,400 
3,480 
B 



July. 



Gage 
height. 



2.80 
2.35 
2.75 
2.90 
2.40 

2.00 
1.55 
1.25 
1.10 
.95 

.90 

.95 

1.15 

1.15 

1.20 

1.25 

1.05 

.85 

.70 

.65 

.70 
4.4 
3.40 
2.55 
2.15 



Dis- 
charge 



3,240 
2,620 
3,170 
3,400 
2,680 

2,200 
1,710 
1,410 
1,260 
1,140 

1,100 
1,140 
1,310 
1,310 
1,360 

1,410 

1,220 

1,060 

940 

900 

940 
6,300 
4,220 
2,890 
2,380 

2,200 
2,500 
2,620 
2,140 
1,760 
1,510 



2,070 
0.351 



0.40 
6,300 
900 
A 



Augtist. 



Gage 
height. 



1.15 
1.80 
2.10 
2.00 
1.70 

1.55 

4.7 

6.6 

3.20 

2.60 

4.2 

8.9 

6.3 

3.85 

3.45 

2.90 
2.40 
2.40 
3.10 
3.10 

3.10 
2.95 
2.60 
2.50 
2.60 

2.45 
2.40 
3.00 
2.75 
2.55 
2.25 



Dis- 
charge, 



1,310 
1,960 
2,320 
2,200 
1,860 

1,710 
7,020 
12,100 
3,880 
2,960 

5,840 

19, 500 

11,200 

5,080 

4,310 

3,400 
2,680 
2,680 
3,720 
3,720 

3,720 
3,480 
2,960 
2,820 
2,960 

2,750 
2,680 
3,560 
3,170 
2,890 
2,500 



4,290 
0.728 



0.84 
19,500 
1,310 
A 



September. 



Gage 
height. 



2.10 
2.15 
2.10 
2.00 
2.05 

2.05 
2.00 
1.95 
1.80 
1.85 

2.25 
2.20 
1.90 
1.80 
1.75 

1.80 

1.60 

2.70 

4.0 

3.95 



1.70 
1.55 
1.40 
1.40 
1.40 



Dis- 
charge, 



2,320 
2,380 
2,320 
2,200 
2,260 

2,260 
2,200 
2,140 
1,960 
2,020 

2,500 
2,440 
2,080 
1,960 
1,910 

1,960 
1,760 
3,100 
5,400 
5,290 

4,400 
3,720 
3,100 
2,750 
2,320 

1,860 
1,710 
1,560 
1,560 
1,560 



2,500 
0.424 



0.47 
5,400 
1,560 

A 



October. 



Gage 
height. 



1.65 
1.70 
1.60 
1.45 
1.35 



.30 
.30 
.20 
.10 
.00 

.95 
.90 
.80 
.60 
.60 

.40 



Dis- 
charge. 



1,810 
1,860 
1,760 
1,610 
1,510 

1,460 
1,460 
1.360 
1,260 
1,180 

1,140 

1,100 

1,002 

860 

860 

740 



1,310 
0.222 



0.13 
1,860 
740 
A 



o Discharge for the period June 18-21 was estimated by comparison with discharge at station on South 
Fork. 

MOSQTJITO FORK AT KECHUMSTTJK. 

Records have been obtained on Mosquito Fork 100 yards below 
the mouth of Kechumstuk Creek and about 26 miles west of Chicken 
post office for portions of three seasons at a station established July 7, 
1910. The control has remained permanent for low stages, but at 
high stages it has probably been changed somewhat by repairs on a 
diversion dam one-fourth mile below the gage. Measurements were 
made by wading and from a raft. The records are thought to be 
very accurate. The maximum discharge of 4,030 and the minimum 
of 34 second-feet occurred on June 16, 1912, and September 30, 1910, 
respectively. 

A project has been proposed for diverting water from Mosquito 
Fork at Kechumstuk and carrying it by ditch to Chicken for use in 



FOETYMILE EIVEE DKAINAGE BASIN. 



77 



hydraulic mining. The stream falls rapidly below Kechumstuk and, 
if ever the market should warrant, power might be developed by a 
ditch divertmg it to a lower point in the valley, where the fall could 
be concentrated. The records at Kechumstuk should be of value in 
the consideration of these projects. 

Discharge measurements of Mosquito Fork at Kechumstuk, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Julj' 7 . . 


1910. 


Feet. 
1.24 
.99 

- .21 

- .22 
.60 
.46 

.11 


Sec.-ft. 
318 
273 
42 
41 
182 
140 

89 


June 9 . . 

July 11.. 

Aug. 14.. 

14.. 


1912. 


Feet. 

1.40 

.42 

1.53 

1.53 


Sec.-ft. 
o396 


8 




141 


Aug. 5 . 




a 479 


6.. 






b 492 


12.. 






13 




Aug. 25 . . 


1911. 









a Measurement by surface velocities; coefficient, 101.6 per cent. 
b Velocities at 0.6 depth; coefficient, 90 per cent. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Mosquito Fork ac Kechumstuk 

Creek for 1910-1912. 



[Drainage area, 


824 square miles. 


Obser^ 


-er, Henry Siemer.] 








July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






-0.10 

- .15 

- .15 

- .20 

- .20 

- .20 

- .25 

- .20 
+ .85 

.70 

.60 
.65 
.50 
.40 
.25 

.15 
.10 
.10 
.05 
.10 

.10 
.30 
.25 
.20 
.20 

.15 
.10 
.05 
.00 
.00 
.00 


56 
50 
50 

44 
44 

44 

39 

44 

232 

198 

174 
185 
152 
132 
108 

92 
84 
84 
77 
84 

84 
116 
108 
100 
100 

92 
84 
77 
70 
70 
70 


0.00 
.00 

- .50 

- .10 

- .10 

- .05 

- .05 

- .10 

- .10 

- .10 

- .10 

- .10 

- .10 

- .10 

- .05 

.00 
+ .05 
.10 
.10 
.05 

.00 

- .05 

- .15 

- .10 

- .10 

- .15 

- .15 

- .15 

- .25 

- .30 


70 
70 
63 
56 
56 

63 
63 
56 
56 
56 

56 
56 
56 
56 
63 

70 

77 
84 
84 
77 

70 
63 
50 
56 
56 

50 
50 
50 
39 
34 


-0.15 

- .20 

- .25 


50 


2 






44 


3 






39 


4 








5 










6 










7 


1.25 
1.10 

.85 
.70 

.60 
.60 
.70 
.70 
.70 

.90 
.70 
.55 
.45 
.35 

.25 
.20 
.20 
.15 
.10 

.10 
.10 
.10 
.05 
.00 
- .05 


339 
296 
232 
198 

174 
174 
198 
198 
198 

244 
198 
163 
142 
124 

108 

100 

100 

92 

84 

84 
84 
84 
77 
70 
63 






8 






9 






10 






11 






12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 


I 


23 




24 


! 


25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




153 
0.186 

0.17 
339 
63 
A 




95.0 
0.115 

0.13 
232 
39 
A 




60.2 
0.073 

0.08 
84 
34 

A 




44 3 


Second-feet per square inile 




054 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




006 


Maximum 




50 


Minimum i 


39 


Accuracy | 


A 















78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Mosquito Fork at Kechumstuh 

Creek for 1910-1912— QontimiQd. 



9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 
13. 

14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 



9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
]5. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 



Day. 



1911. 



August. 









0.60 



September, 



03 

O 



174 



-0.03 

- .04 

- .04 

- .04 

- .04 

- .05 
.05 

- .05 
.02 

+ .02 

.40 
.95 
.75 
.95 
.90 

.90 
.90 

.85 
.85 
.85 



66 
64 
64 
64 
64 

63 
63 
63 
67 
73 

132 
257 
209 
257 
244 

241 
244 
232 
232 
232 



October. 



O 



0.65 
.60 
.50 
•45 
.40 

.04 

.04 

- .04 

■ .10 

+ .07 

- .01 

- .07 

- .13 

- .11 

- .11 



185 
174 
152 
142 
132 

76 
76 
64 
56 
80 

69 
60 
52 
55 
55 



Day. 



1911. 



21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28., 
29., 
30., 
31., 



Mean dis- 
charge.. 

Second-feet 
per square 
mile 

Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 

Maximum.. 

Minimum . . 

Accuracy... 



August. 






O 



0.85 

,80 

80 

75 

75 

70 
90 

85 
85 
80 



o3 



232 
220 
220 
209 
209 

198 
244 
232 
232 
220 



September. 



99.8 
0.121 



0.05 
174 
66 
B 



0.50 
.40 
.35 
.30 
.11 

.04 
.00 

- .02 
.02 

- .02 

- .03 



October. 



152 
132 
124 
116 
86 

76 
70 
67 
67 
67 
66 



17.2 
0.209 



0.23 
257 
63 
C 






to 

o 



95.2 
0.116 



0.06 
185 
52 
B 



Day. 



1912. 



June. 



Gage 
height. 



Mean discharge 

Second-feet per square mile 

Run-ofE (depth in inches on drainage 

area) 

Maximum ' 

Minimum . 



1.40 
1.30 

1.20 

1.60 

2.20 

2.9 

2.40 

5.3 
5.1 
4.4 
4.5 
4.1 

4.1 
3.8 
3.9 
3.8 
3.7 

3.8 

3.0 

2.6 

2.20 

1.95 



Dis- 
charge. 



400 
356 

322 

540 

1,020 

1,610 

1,180 

4,030 
3,790 
3,020 
3,120 
2,720 

2,720 
2,420 
2,520 
2,420 
2,330 

2,420 
1,700 
1,340 
1,020 
820 



July. 



August. 



Gage 
height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



1.75 

1.50 

1.20 

.95 

.85 

.50 
.50 
.40 
.40 
.30 

.40 
.40 
.40 
.60 
.65 

.50 
.40 
.70 
.80 
1.00 

1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.10 
.90 

.90 
.55 
.40 
.20 
.05 
.15 



1,900 
2.31 

1.89 
4,030 
322 



Accuracy I .' ' j3 



660 
460 
322 
257 
232 

152 
152 
132 
132 
116 

132 
132 
132 

174 
185 

152 
132 
198 
220 
270 

270 
270 
270 
296 
244 

244 
163 
132 
100 

77 
92 



Gage 
height. 



0.20 



,10 



Dis- 
charge. 



September. 



210 
0.255 

0.29 
660 

77 
A 



1.70 
1.60 
1.50 
1.35 

1.10 
.70 
.90 
.90 

1.00 

1.10 
1.10 
1.20 
1.25 
1.20 

1.10 
1.10 
1.20 
1.25 
1.25 
1.30 



, 100 

100 

100 

92 

92 

84 
100 
100 
100 
400 

1,000 
620 
540 
460 
378 

296 
198 
244 
244 
270 

296 
296 
322 
339 
322 

296 
296 
322 
339 
339 
356 



Gage 
height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



1.30 
1.35 
1.35 
1.40 



292 
0.354 

0.41 
1,000 
84 
B 



1.40 
1.40 
1.50 
1.50 

1.40 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 

1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.40 
1.30 

1.10 
1.90 
1.80 
1.75 
1.60 

1.60 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 



356 
378 
378 
400 
400 

400 
400 
400 
460 
460 

400 
460 
460 
460 
460 

460 
460 
460 
400 
356 

296 
780 
700 
660 
540 

540 
460 
460 
460 
460 



459 
0.557 

0.62 
780 
296 
A 



FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



79 



KECHUMSTTJK CREEK AT MOUTH. 

This station is located one-fourth mile above the mouth of Ke- 
chumstuk Creek, 2 miles below Kechumstuk Indian village and about 
26 miles west of Chicken post office. Records were started July 7, 
1910. The same location has been used for three seasons, but a 
change in rating occurred between the seasons of 1910 and 1911, so 
that two ratiags have been used, one for 1910 and one for 1911 and 
1912. All discharge measurements were made by wading. 

The records show that Kechumstuk Creek rises more abruptly and 
subsides more quickly than Mosquito Fork above Kechumstuk Creek. 
This peculiarity is accounted for by the marked difference in topog- 
raphy of the two areas. Kechumstuk Creek lies largely in a rugged 
mountainous area, which affords little storage and spills quickly, 
whereas the flat swampy basin of the upper Mosquito Fork furnishes 
a very efficient reservoir. 

Discharge measurements of Kechwmstuk Creeh at mouth, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


1 
Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 7.. 


1910. 


Feet. 
1.89 
1.86 
1.35 
1.33 
1.80 
1.74 
1.66 


Scc.-ft. 
71 
64 
12.2 
10.4 
53 
38 
31 


Aug. 25.. 


1911. 


Feet. 
1.31 

1.96 
1.50 
2.70 
2.50 


Sec.-ft. 
17.8 


8 


June 9 . . 


1912. 




Aug. 5 




6 


92 


12 


July 11 


28 


13 


Aug. 13 


317 


14 


14 


256 









80 



SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Kechumstuh Creek at mouth 

for 1910-1912. 
[Drainage area, 189 square miles. Observer, Henry Siemer.] 





July. 


August. 


September, 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 

height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.40 
1.40 
1.39 
1.38 
1.36 

1.34 
1.32 
1.39 
2.31 
2.14 

1.96 
1.78 
1.72 
1.66 
1.59 

1.55 
1.58 
1.58 
1.56 
1.58 

1.58 
1.56 
1.50 
1.49 
1.49 

1.48 
1.46 
1.44 
1.46 
1.44 
1.44 


13.0 
13.0 
12.7 
12.4 
11.8 

11.1 
10.5 
12.7 

178 

132 

87 
49 
39 
32 
24 

21 

24 
24 
22 
24 

24 

22 

17.6 

17.1 

17.1 

16.7 
15.8 
14.8 
15.8 
14.8 
14.8 


1.44 
1.44 
1.42 
1.41 
1.46 

1.49 
1.50 
1.50 
1.48 
1.48 

1.46 
1.46 
1.44 
1.46 
1.51 

1.60 
1.65 
1.67 
1.66 
1.60 

1.56 
1.48 
1.48 
1.48 
1.48 

1.46 
1.44 
1.44 
1.36 
1.38 


14.8 
14.8 
13.9 
13.5 
15.8 

17.1 
17.6 
17.6 
16.7 
16.7 

15.8 
15.8 
14.8 
15.8 
18.3 

25 
30 
33 
32 
25 

22 

16.7 
16.7 
16.7 
16.7 

15.8 
14,8 
14.8 
11.8 
12.4 


1.44 
1.40 
1.36 


14.8 


2 






13.0 


3... 






11.8 


4 








5 










6 










7 


1.93 

1.88 
1.80 
1.74 

1.72 
1.66 
2.00 
1.98 
1.86 

1.78 
1.72 
1.66 
1.61 

1.58 

1.56 
1.58 
1.59 
1.58 
1.56 

1.52 
1.49 
1.46 
1.44 
1.42 
1.40 


80 
69 
52 
42 

39 
32 
97 
92 
65 

49 
39 
32 
26 
24 

22 
24 
24 
24 
22 

19.1 
17.1 
15.8 
14.8 
13.9 
13.0 






8 






9 






10 






11 






12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 












19 












21 












23 












25 






26 






27 












29 












31 










37.9 
0.201 

0.19 
97 
13.0 
A 




30.4 
0.161 

0.18 
178 
10.5 
A 




18.1 
0.096 

0.11 
33 
11.8 
A 




13.2 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.070 


Run-oflE (depth in iaches on drainage 
area) 




0.008 


Ma.yimnm 




14.8 


Miaimum 




11.8 


Accuracy 




A 





August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


August. 


September 


October. 


Day. 


4J 

3 
® 

03 
C5 


® 
o 

P 


i 


6 

-d 
o 
m 

5 


i 

rd 

<D 


<D 

be 

<^ 
o 

s 




6 

o 
.2 
ft 


rd 

.bO 

-d 

C5 


(-( 

03 

A 
o 
.2 
ft 


4.3 


1 

ft 


1911. 
1 






1.28 
1.27 
1.24 
1.24 
1.27 

1.26 
1.26 
1.25 
1.24 
1.26 

1.29 

1.82 
2.12 
2.13 
2.00 

1.98 
1.92 
1.86 
1.84 
1.82 


15 
15 
14 
14 
15 

14 
14 
14 
14 
14 

16 

67 

136 

139 

102 

98 
84 
74 
70 
67 


1.42 
1.40 
1.48 
1.49 
1.48 

1.46 
1.41 
1.49 
1.41 
1.50 

1.48 
1.46 
1.38 
1.39 
1.38 

1.30 


21 
20 
26 
26 
26 

24 
21 
26 
21 

27 

26 
24 
19 
20 
19 

16 


1911. 
21 


1.42 
1.39 
1.36 
1.34 
1.33 

1.32 
1.30 
1.30 
1.29 

1.28 
1.28 


21 
20 
18 
18 
17 

17 
16 
16 
16 
15 
15 


1.80 
1.78 
1.76 
1.71 
1.69 

1.68 
1.63 
1.63 
1.60 
1.53 
1.46 


64 
61 
58 
51 
49 

47 
41 
41 
37 
30 
24 






2 






22 






3 






23 






4 






24 






5 






25 






6 






26 






7 






27 






8 






28 






9 






29 






10 






30 












31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge . 






12 








17.5 
0,093 

0.04 
24 
15 
B 




48.4 
0.256 

0.295 
139 
14 
C 






13 






22,6 


14 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 














0.120 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) . . 






17 








18 












19 












20 


1.46 


24 






0.07 








Maximum. . 




27 




Minimum. . 




16 




Accuracy... 




C 








. 



FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



81 



Daily gage height^ in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Kechumstuk Creek at mouth 

for 19 10-19 12~CoTiX\nuQdL. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






1.92 
1.85 
1.90 
1.85 

1.88 

1.78 
1.65 
1.45 
1.30 
1.30 

1.50 
1.45 
1.45 
1.42 
1.30 

1.30 
1.30 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 

1.10 
1.20 
1.30 
1.45 
1.50 

1.52 
1.52 
1.49 
1.44 
1.40 
1.47 


84 
72 
80 
72 

77 

61 
44 
24 
16 
16 

27 
24 
24 
21 
16 

16 
16 

8 
8 
8 

8 
12 
16 
24 

27 

29 
29 
26 
23 
20 
25 


1.50 
1.50 

'"'3.' 66" 

2.75 
2.45 
2.35 

2.05 
2.00 
2.35 
2.32 
2.25 

2.15 
2.05 
2.20 
2.25 
2.10 

2.20 
2.10 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 


27 
27 
27 
27 
27 

27 
40 
40 
40 
240 

600 
420 
335 
236 
205 

116 
102 
205 
196 
175 

145 
116 
160 
175 
130 

160 
130 
102 
102 
102 
102 


2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

"'2.' 66' 

2.00 
1.90 
2.10 

2.00 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 

1.90 
1.90 
1.90 
2.00 
2.10 

2.10 
2.50 
1.86 
1.92 

1.82 

1.80 
1.80 
1.79 

1.78 
1.77 


102 


2 






102 


3 






102 


4 






102 


5 






102 


6 






102 


7 






102 


8 






102 





1.95 
1.96 

1.92 

2.60 

3.2 

3.9 

3.2 

6.8 
5.4 
3.7 
4.3 
3.4 

3.00 

3.00 

3.8 

3.00 

2.75 

2.60 
2.55 
2.38 
2.15 
2.05 


91 
93 

84 
284 
492 
778 
492 

2,200 

1,450 

694 

946 

568 

420 
420 
736 
420 
335 

284 
278 
214 
145 
116 


80 


10 


130 


11 


102 


12 


80 


13 


80 


14 


80 


15 


80 


16 


80 


17 


80 




80 


19 


102 




130 


21 


130 


22 


252 


23 


74 


24 


84 




67 


26 


64 


27 


64 


28 


63 


29 


61 


30 


60 


31 













Mean discharge 




525 

2.78 

2.27 
2,200 
84 
B 




30.7 
0.162 

0.19 

84 

8 

A 




146 
0.772 

0.89 
600 
27 
A 




94 6 






0.500 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




0.56 


Maximuni 




252 


Minimum 




60 


Accuracy 




A 









GOLD CREEK AT MOUTH. 



Scattered records were obtained on Gold Creek during 1911. The 
gage was located at the mouth, near a small plant constructed for 
piospecting gold-bearing quartz. The topography of the Gold Creek 
basin is veiy similar to that of Kechumstuk Creek, and it is believed 
the peculiarities of its run-off are very much the same. 

Discharge measurements of Gold Creek at mouth, 1910-11. 



Date. 



1910. 
Aug. 12. 

1911. 
29. 



May 
July 18. 
Aug. 24 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 




Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
21.0 



52.6 
16.5 
11.7 



429i;3°— wsr ;}42— 15 C 



82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Gold Creeh at mouth for 1911. 
[Drainage area, 115 square miles. Observer, Ole Tweeden.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






3.90 
3.45 
3.35 
3.20 
3.45 

3.45 
3.10 
2.90 


328 
216 
195 
160 
216 

216 
140 
110 










2 














3 














4 














5 














6 














7 














8 














9 














10 


















11 


















12 


















13 , 


















14 


















15 


















16 


















17 


















18 










2.30 


17.0 






19 














20 


















21 


















22 



















23 r 


















24 














2.20 


10.2 


25 
















26 


















27 


















28 


2.75 
2.65 
4.25 
4.55 


80 

62 

435 

510 














29 














30 














31 





























WALKER FORK ABOVE POKER CREEK. 



A station was maintained on Walker Fork just above Poker Creek 
for a short period during 1912. The tributary area is small and is 
almost entirely in Canadian territory. The records are of value for 
supplementing those obtained at lower points on the stream during 
1910 and 1911 but which could not be continued duiing 1912 because 
of lack of observers. 

Discharge measurements of Walker Fork above Poker Creek, 1910 and 1912. 



July 2. 



Aug. 8. 

9. 

22. 



Date. 



1910. 



1912.- 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



2.62 
2.59 
2.45 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
5.7 



11.4 
9.81 
5.32 



FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



83 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Walker Fork above Foker 

Creek for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 7.37 square miles. Observer, J. C. Brown.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day 


53 

O 


tc 
o 

M 

s 


s 

o 


o 

.S3 
ft 




£? 

s 

2.6 
2.6 
3.4 
2.6 
4.2 




tXI 

s 


'S 
A 
© 
bjo 

O 


CD 
03 

5 


so 
o 

W) 
03 

o 


<6 
to 

03 


1 










2.30 
2.30 
2.35 
2.30 
2.40 


21 






2.50 
2.45 
2.45 
2.45 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.35 


7.0 
5.6 
5.6 
5.6 
4.2 

4.2 
4.2 
4.2 
4.2 
4.2 
3.4 






2 . 










22 










3 










23 










4 










24 










5 










25 










6 




4.8 






26... 










7 












27 










8 






2.60 
2.60 
2.60 

2.80 
2.90 
2.70 
2.70 
2.60 

2.60 
2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.45 


io 

10 
10 

20 
25 
15 
15 
10 

10 
7.0 
7.0 
7.0 
5.6 






28 










9. 










29 










10.. 










30 




















31 




. 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge . . 










12 
















8.50 
1.15 

1.03 
25 
3.4 
A 






13 










3.08 


14 










Second-feet 
per square 
mile 










15 






















0.417 


16 


R un-of f 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 










17 












18 












19 












20 1 








0.08 












Maximum.. 








4.2 




Minimnm. . 








2.6 




Accuracy. . . 








A 















WALKER FORK ABOVE CHERRY CREEK. 

This station was located on Walker Fork about a mile above the 
mouth of Cherry Creek. It was established June 5, 1911. Records 
were obtained the greater part of the season of 1911 and scattering 
records in 1912. The daily discharge may occasionally have been 
somewhat affected by storage for a dredge which was operated above 
the station. At times during 1911 there was barely enough water 
for floating. This may have been due partly to the porous character 
of the gravel and partly to the dam not being sufficiently tight, for 
dredges have probably been operated very successfully with a much 
smaller water supply. 

Discharge measurements of Walker Fork above Cherry Creek, 1911-12. 



Date. 



1911 

Jime 5 

July 24 

Aug. 30 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


2.70 


34.1 


2.05 


2.67 


2.25 


8.40 



Date. 



June 5. 
July 6. 
Aug. 8. 



1912. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.58 
2.38 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
16.8 
6.14 
a23. 1 



a Gage washed out. 



84 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAITA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Walker Fork above Cherry 

Creek, for 1911-12. 

[Drainage area, 15.8 square miles. Observer, James Campbell, 1911.] 





Jime. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


'S 

03 

o 






o 
•a 

ft 


i 

® 

(0 
C3 

o 


1 

.a 
ft 


® 


6 

o 
.a 
Q 




1 

.a 
ft 


rd 
® 




1911. 
1 






2.30 
2.30 
2.45 
2.60 
2.45 

2.35 
2.25 
2.30 
2.15 
2.20 

2.25 
2.10 
2.10 
2.25 
2.25 

2.15 
2.10 
2.05 
2.05 
2.00 


13.9 

13.9 

16.3 

25 

16.3 

12.0 
8.3 

10.0 
5.2 
6.5 

8.3 
3.8 
3.8 
8.3 
8.3 

5.2 
3.8 
2.5 
2.5 
1.3 


2.15 
2.12 
2.08 
2.20 
2.15 

2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.12 

3.08 
2.75 
2.60 
2.58 
2.60 

2.75 
2.70 
2.60 
2.50 
2.40 


5.2 
4.3 
3.3 
6.5 
5.2 

3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
4.3 

79 
40 
25 
24 
25 

40 

34 

25 

18.8 

13.9 


1911— Con. 
21 


2.45 
2.45 
2.50 
2.40 
2.40 

2.45 
2.45 
2.45 
2.30 
2.35 


16.3 
16.3 
18.8 
13.9 
13.9 

16.3 
16.3 
16.3 
10.0 
12.0 


2.05 
2.05 
2.02 
2.05 
2.00 

2.12 
2.35 
2.38 
2.30 

2.28 
2.18 


2.5 
2.5 
1.8 
2.5 
1.3 

4.3 

12.0 

13.1 

10.0 

9.3 

8.7 


2.38 
2.28 
2.25 
2.25 
2.20 

2.20 
2.20 
2.30 


13.1 


2 






22 


9.3 


3 






23 


8.3 


4 






24 


8.3 


5 


2.80 

3.00 
2.90 


46 

69 
57 
60 
65 
70 

70 
65 
75 
70 
60 

50 
20 
20 
20 
16.3 


25 


6.5 


6 


26 


6.5 


7 


27 


6.5 


8 


28 


10.0 


9 




29 


12.0 


10 




30 


12.0 






31 


14.0 


11 


Mean dis- 
charge. . 








12 






37.8 
2.39 

2.31 
75 
10 

c 




7.8 
0.494 

0.570 
25 
1.3 
A 






13 




15.3 


14 




Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 










0.968 


16 


R un - f f 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r atnage 
area) 






17. 






18 






19 






20 


2.45 


1.12 




Maximum.. 




79 




Minimum. . 
Accioracy 




3.3 
B 













June. 


July. 


Augus't. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


bC 
03 
O 


<i5 

be 
o 


.§ 
S 

05 

o3 
O 


bti 
o 

ft 


i 

OJ 
bJO 

o 


. 

bJO 
U 
03 

o 

ft 


bX) 

C3 
O 


03 

bjO 
s- 

o 
tn 

ft 


4J 

*s 

b» 

03 
O 


bo 

!-, 

03 

o 
.S3 
ft 


.c 

_bc 
"S> 

.d 

03 

bc 

03 

o 


03 
bO 
k^ 
03 
.d 

o 
.J9 
ft 


1912. 
1 














1912— Con. 
16 














2 


1 










17 . 




1 








3 


1 










18 




, 








4 


1 








19 










5 


2: 60 25 










20 












6 


2.40 


8 




1 


21 














7 


i 




' 


22 














8 












23 


23 














9 













24 














10 


2.55 


20 










25 ... 














11 










26 














12 


2.50 


16 










27 














13 










28 














14 














29 














15 '. . . 















30 .... 




























31 































WALKER FORK ABOVE TWELVEMILE CREEK. 

A gaging station was established on Walker Fork, li miles above 
Twelvemile Creek, on July 3, 1910, and gage-height records were 
obtained for about two months. The station could not be maintained 
in 1911 or 1912 because no observers were available. The record is 
of value as showing the characteristics of run-off of a typical Alaskan 
stream. 



FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

Discharge measurements of Walker Fork above Twelvemile Creek, 1910. 



85 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 3 


Feet. 
2.28 
2.25 
2.00 
2.25 
2.33 


Sec.-ft. 
33 


4 


30 


Aug. 2 


15 


18 


29 


19 


35 







Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Walker Fork above Twelvemile 

Creek for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 70.2 square miles. Observer, J. T. Dickinson.] 





July. 


August. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






2.25 
2.00 
1.90 
1.90 
1.85 

1.80 

""3." so" 
3.00 

2.60 
2.40 
2.30 

'"2A0 

'""2." 25' 
2.25 
2.20 
2.20 


30 

15.0 

11.3 

11.3 

10.0 

8.7 

10 

54 
242 
114 

01 
41 
33 
26 
20 

25 
30 
30 

26 
26 


21 

22 


2.10 
2.25 
2.30 
2.35 
2.20 

2.10 
2.00 
1.95 
2.20 
2.25 
2.25 


20 
30 
33 
37 

26 

20 

15.0 

13.2 

26 

30 

30 


""'2." 20" 
2.25 
2.25 
2.20 

2.20 


26 


2 






26 


3 


2.30 
2.25 
2.22 

2.50 
2.35 
2.20 
2.15 


33 
30 
27 

51 
37 
26 
23 
26 

30 
26 
46 
33 
41 

26 
23 
23 
26 
15.0 


23 


30 


4 


24 


30 


5 


25 


26 


6 


26 


26 


7 . . . 


27 




8 


28 






9 


29 






10 


30 








2.25 
2.20 
2.45 
2.30 
2.40 

2.20 
2.15 
2.15 
2.20 
2.00 


31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge... 






12 




28.4 
0.405 

0.44 
51 
13.2 
A 


_ 




13 


38. 


14 


Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 


0.541 


16 


Run-ofE (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 

Maximum 






17 


0.52 


18 




242 


19 


Minimum 




8.7 


20 


Accuracy 




B 











WADE CREEK AT CLAIM "NO. 10 ABOVE." 

This station is located about 8 miles above the mouth of Wade 
Creek, one-half mile above Jack Wade post office, at claim "No. 10 
above." It was established July 4, 1910, and maintained for three 
seasons, the gage being relocated in 1911. It was impossible to 
determine by measurements the high-water rating, but it is believed 
that the rating determined by the curve extensions is fairly accurate. 

Wade Creek has been an important gold producer in the Fortymile 
district. Ordinary open-cut and drifting methods have been used, 
and a number of ditches have been constructed for bringmg the water 
to the claims at a suitable elevation for working. Frequently during 
the summer the water supply has been inadequate for continuous 
mining. Especially was this true in 1911, when mining operations 
were at a standstill for most of the season because of the very small 
flow. 



86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Wade Creek at claim ''No. 10 above, " 1910-1912. 



Date, 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 4.. 


1910. 


Feet. 
1.54 
1.42 
2.24 
2.07 

2.33 
1.67 


Sec.-ft. 
2.3 
0.91 

19 

13 

24.8 
2.1 


1911— Continued. 
Aug. 29 


Feet. 
1.70 

2.06 
1.67 
2.19 
2.06 


Sec.-ft. 
2.5 


Aug. 2 


1912. 
June 6 




19 




20 - 


11.3 




1911. 


July 6 


.87 




Aug. 10 : 


15.2 


June 3 . . 


21 


11.4 


July 21 











Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Wade Creeh at claim "No. 

10 above'' for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 23.1 square miles. Observer, J. P. Carroll.] 





July.a 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July.o 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


bo 
'ffl 

C3 


0) 

%^ 
O 

ft 


03 
O 


03 

ft 


4^ 


is 
1 


i 

s 

o 

03 
O 


o5 
be 

o 

ft 


S 


bO 
03 

rd 

o 


■4-J 
.d 

_bO 
'S 
,C| 

<a 
bD 

03 
O 


.a 


1910. 
1 








2.0 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 
1.7 

1.1 
1.7 

31 
125 

90 

11.0 
16.4 
11.0 
12.2 
8.8 

27 

23 

19.5 

19.5 

13.4 


2.00 
2.08 
2.08 
2.08 
2.04 

2.17 

2.08 
2.00 
2.00 
2.08 

2.08 
2.04 
2.00 
2.17 
2.17 

2.08 
2.25 
2.17 
2.17 
2.08 


11.0 
13.4 
13.4 
13.4 
12.2 

16.4 
13.4 
11.0 
11.0 
13.4 

13.4 
12.2 
11.0 
16.4 
16.4 

13.4 
19.5 
16.4 
16.4 
13.4 


191(>-Con. 
21 




4.0 
6.5 
9.0 
7.0 
5.2 

3.5 
1.7 
2.5 
3.2 
4.0 
3.0 


2.08 
2.17 
1.92 
2.08 
2.67 

2.33 

2.42 
2.33 
2.08 
2.08 
2.00 


13.4 
16.4 
8.8 
13.4 
40 

23 

27 

23 

13.4 

13.4 

11.0 


2.00 
2.00 
2.08 
2.00 
1.92 

2.17 
2.08 
2.08 
1.92 
1.92 


11.0 


2 






1.42 
1.42 
1.42 
1.50 

1.42 
1.50 
2.50 
4.08 
3.50 

2.00 
2.17 
2.00 
2.04 
1.92 

2.42 
2.33 
2.25 
2.25 
2.08 


22 




11.0 


3 






23 




13.4 


4 


1.54 


2.1 

5.5 

8.8 
7.4 
6.0 
4.5 
3.0 

6.5 
10.0 
13.0 
16.4 

5.0 

10.0 
7,5 
9.0 
5.2 
1.5 


24 




11.0 


5 


25 




8.8 


6 


1.92 


26 




16.4 


7 


27 


1.50 


13.4 


8 




28 


13.4 


9 




29 




8.8 


10 




30 




8.8 






31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge. . 








12 






6.11 
0.264 

0.27 
16.4 

1.5 

C 




20.0 
0.866 

1.00 
125 
1.1 
B 






13 




13.1 


14 


2.17 


Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 








0.567 


16 


R un- f f 

(depth in 
inches on 
d r ataage 
area) . . 






17 






18 






19 






20 




0.63 






Maxi'mnm 




19.5 




Minimum. . 




8.8 




Accuracy. . . 




A 











o Daily discharges for the greater portion of July are estimated by comparative hydrographs and are 
only approximate. 



FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



87 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Wade Creek at claim "iVb. 

10 above'' for 1910-1912— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.84 

2.08 
1.84 
1.75 
1.71 
1.75 

1.84 
1.79 
1.75 
1.71 
2.75 

1.92 
1.84 
1.75 
1.67 
1.67 

1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.84 
1.75 

1.84 
1.92 
1.75 
1.75 
1.67 
1.67 


2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
5.2 

12.1 
5.2 
3.5 
2.9 
3.5 

5.2 
4.2 
3.5 
2.9 
3.5 

7.1 
5.2 
3.5 
2.3 
2.3 

2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
5.2 
3.5 

5.2 
7.1 
3.5 
3.5 
2.3 
2.3 


1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.75 
1.75 

1.67 
1.67 
1.58 
1.58 
1.50 

1.84 
1.84 
1.84 
1.92 
1.84 

1.92 
1.92 
1.84 
1.84 
1.75 

1.75 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 

1.67 
1.75 
1.67 
1.67 
1.84 
1.84 


2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
3.5 
3.5 

2.3 
2.3 
1.3 
1.3 
.6 

5.2 
5.2 
5.2 
7.1 
5.2 

7.1 
7.1 
5.2 
5.2 
3.5 

3.5 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 

2.3 
3.5 
2,3 
2.3 
5.2 
5.2 


1.84 
1.84 
1.84 
1.84 
1.75 

1.75 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.75 

1.75 
2.25 
2.33 
2.17 
2.17 

2.17 
2.00 
1.75 
1.75 
1.75 

1.84 
1.84 
1.84 
1.92 
1.92 

2.00 
2.67 
2.17 
2.17 
2.08 


5.2 
5.2 
5.2 
5.2 
3.5 

3.5 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
3.5 

3.5 

19.8 
24 
15.7 
15.7 

15.7 
9.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 

5.2 
5.2 
5.2 
7.1 
7.1 

9.5 
45 

15.7 
15.7 
12.1 


2.08 
2.17 
2.08 
2.00 
2.00 

1.84 
1.92 
1.84 
1.75 
1.75 

1.75 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 

1.67 
1.75 
1.75 


12.1 


2 






15.7 


3 


2.25 
2.42 
3.25 

2.58 
2.42 
2.25 
2.17 
2.25 

2.17 
2.17 
2.17 
2.08 
2.08 

2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.92 
2.92 

1.84 
1.88 
1.84 
1.75 
1.67 

1.50 
1.67 
1.75 
1.67 
1.67 


19.8 

30 

79 

39 

30 

19.8 

15.7 

19.8 

15.7 
15.7 
15.7 
12.1 
12.1 

9.5 
9.5 
9.5 
7.1 
7.1 

5.2 
6.1 
5.2 
3.5 
2.3 

.6 
2.3 
3.5 
2.3 
2.3 


12.1 


4 


9.5 


5 


9.5 


6 


5.2 


7 


7.1 


8 


5.2 


9 


3.5 


10 


3.5 


11 


3.5 


12 


2.3 


13 


2.3 


14 


2.3 


15 


2.3 


16 


2.3 


17 


3.5 


18 


3.5 


19. 




20 






21 






22 












24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean discharge. 

Second-feet per 

square mile 




14.3 
0.619 

0.64 
79 
0.6 
B 




3.9 
0.169 

0.19 
12.1 
2.3 
B 




3.6 
0.156 

0.18 
7.1 
0.6 

C 




9.3 
0.403 

0.45 
45 
2.3 
B 




5.8 
0.251 


Run-ofi (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.17 


Maximum 




15.7 






2.3 


Accuracy 




B 









88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Wade Creek at claim "No. 

10 above'' for 1910-1912— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


Aug 


ust. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge, 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






1.67 
1.58 
1.50 
1.42 
1.33 

1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.58 

1.67 
1.67 
1.67 

1.75 
1.75 

1.83 
1.83 
1.83 
1.67 
1.67 

1.75 
2.65 
2.60 
2.33 
2.17 

2.00 
2.00 
1.92 
1.92 
1.83 
1.83 


1.0 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
.4 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.3 
2.3 

4.2 
4.2 
4.2 
1.0 
1.0 

2.3 
36 
34 
21 
15 

9.3 
9.3 
6.9 
6.9 
4.2 
4.2 


2.17 
2.67 
2.00 
2.00 
1.92 

2.33 
2.65 
2.65 
2.08 
2.17 

3.15 
3.50 
3.35 
3.35 
2.65 

2.33 
2.25 
2.17 
2.25 
2.17 

2.25 
2.08 
2.04 
2.04 
2.00 

2.04 
2.17 
2.21 
2.17 
2.17 
2.17 


15 

38 
9.3 
9.3 
6.9 

21 
36 
36 
12 
15 

68 
96 
84 
84 
36 

21 
18 • 
15 
18 
15 

18 
12 
10 
10 
9.3 

10 
15 
16 
15 
15 
15 


2.04 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

2.00 
2.17 
2.17 
2.08 
2.17 

2.08 
2.08 
2.08 
2.08 
2.08 

2.00 
2.50 
3.50 
2.65 
2.85 

2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.42 
2.25 

2.25 
2.17 
2.17 
2.12 
2.50 


10 
9.3 
9.3 
9.3 
9.3 

9.3 
15 
15 
12 
15 

12 
12 
12 

12 
12 

9.3 

29 
96 
36 

48 

29 
29 
29 
25 
18 

18 
15 
15 
13 

29 


2.42 
2.42 
2.33 
2.33 
2.25 

2.25 
2.17 
2.33 
2.33 
2.29 

2.29 


25 


2 






25 


3 






21 


4 






21 


5 






18 


6 


2.04 
2.04 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

1.83 
1.75 
2.33 
2.25 
2.33 

2.83 
2.33 
2.25 
2.33 
2.33 

2.25 
2.17 
2.33 
2.42 
2.33 

2.25 
2.00 
2.00 
1.75 
1.75 


10 

10 
9.3 
9.3 
9.3 

4.2 
2.3 

21 

18 

21 

47 
21 
18 
21 
21 

18 
15 
21 
25 
21 

18 
9.3 
9.3 
2.3 
2.3 


18 


7 


15 


8 


21 


9 


21 


10 


20 


11 


20 


12 




13 






14 






15 






16.. 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean discharge. 




15.3 
0.662 

0.62 
47 
2.3 
B 




5.8 
0.251 

0.29 
36 
0.4 
B 




25.7 
1.11 

1.28 
96 
6.9 
B 




20.4 
0.883 

0.99 
96 
9.3 
B 




20.5 


Second-feet per 
square mile 




0.887 


Hun-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.36 


Maximum 




25 


Minimum 




15 


Accuracy 




B 









BUCKSKIN CREEK ABOVE FORTYFIVE PUP. 

Scattered gage-height records were obtained on Buckskin Creek 
just above the mouth of Fortyfive Pup during 1910, 1911, and 1912. 
The basin of Buckskin Creek above Fortyfive Pup is similar to that 
of Fortyfive Pup, and the characteristics of its flow are probably the 
same. The records for Fortyfive Pup are more continuous and may 
be found below : 



FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 89 

Discharge measurements of BucJcsHn Creek above Fortyjive Pup, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 11.. 


1910. 


Feet. 
0.50 
.86 
.58 

1.36 
.50 
.79 

.46 


Sec.-ft. 
4.3 
12.7 
5.2 

45.9 
6.0 

14.4 
5.2 


June 12.. 

July 15.. 

Aug. 17.. 

20.. 


1912. 


Feet. 

0.79 

.46 

1.00 

.92 


Sec.-ft. 
a 13.6 


Aug. 11 




3.0 


21 




24.0 




1911. 




20.9 


June 2 . . 






July 10 




15 




Aug. 21 









a Measurement made by floats. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Buchskin Creek above Forty five 

Pup for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 33 square miles. Observer, L. G. Michaels.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


s 

<D 


o 

•a 


2 
"S 


1 

Q 


•a 
1 


1 


'S 

A 


6 

S 

o 
.S3 

ft 


+.2 

"S 
Xi 


(6 

.S3 
ft 


be 

CO 

o 




1910. 
1 










0.58 


5.3 


1910— Con. 
16 














2 










17 














3 














18 














4 






0.38 
.33 


3.3 
2.9 


.50 
.46 


4.3 
3.9 


19 














5 






20 














6 






21 






0.50 


4.3 






7 














22 










8 














23 














9 














24 














10 














25 














11 


0.50 


4.3 


.85 


12.4 






26 














12 






27 














13 


.54 
.50 


4.8 
4.3 






.46 


3.9 


28 














14 






29 














15 










30 




























31 































90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TAN AN A REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of BucTcshin Creeh above Forty five 

Pup for 1910-1912— Qontimiedi. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






















2 






1.29 


42.2 














3 


















4 










0.50 
.50 


5.9 
5.9 


0.46 
.42 


4.7 
3.4 






5 














6 














7 






















8 






















9 






















10 






















11 










.92 
.50 
.50 


23.0 
5.9 
5,9 










12 ... 


















13 ... 






.67 
.67 


11.8 
11.8 










14 . 














15 . . . 


1.58 


61.0 


.79 


16.7 










16 














17 






















18 






















19 






















20 






















21 














.46 


4.7 






22 


















23 










.33 
.33 


.9 
.9 


.33 
.33 


.90 
.90 






24 














25 






.50 


5.9 






26 . . 


















27 






















28 .. 






















29 . 


















0.62 


9.9 


30 




















31 

























June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 


















2 






0.60 


6.6 










3 














4 






.55 
.50 


5.2 
3.8 


0.85 

.75 


17 
13 






5 










6 










7 


















8 


















9 


















10 


















11 


















12 


0.90 


19 














13 










0.90 


19 


14 
















15 .-. 






.45 


2.9 










16 














17 










1.00 


24 






18 














19 


















20 










.90 


19 






21 














22 


















23 


















24 


















25 


















26 


















27 


















28 


















29 


















30 


















31 

































FOKTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



91 



FORTYFIVE PUP AT CLAIM NO. 13. 

This station is located at claim No. 13, about 3 miles above the 
mouth of Fortyfive Pup and 16 miles west of Franklin post ofhce. 
It was estabhshed on July 11, 1910, and remained in its first location 
through 1911. In 1912 it was reestablished at the edge of claim No. 
14, about one-fourth mile above its original position. The change 
would have no appreciable effect on the quantity of flow. The creek 
heads in high slide-rock mountains, and the snow and ice remain in the 
sheltered gulches well into the summer, furnishing a very dependable 
source of stream flow until they have melted away. The seasons of 
1911 and 1912 probably furnish very good examples of abnormal 
water supply on this stream, 1911 being very dry and 1912 very wet. 

Discharge measurements of Fortyfive Pup at claim No. 13, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 11 . 


1910. 


Feet. 
1.60 
1.68 
^.12 
2.00 
1.67 

1.92 
1.52 


Sec. -ft. 

1.4 

2.4 

16.4 

10.3 

2.1 

12.5 
1.2 


1911— Continued. 
July 15 


Feet. 
1.67 
1.62 

2.67 
2.12 
2.33 
2.27 


Sec.-ft. 
3.1 


12 


Aug. 22 


2.2 


Aug. 10 


1912. 
Jxine 12 




11 




21 


a 15.1 




1911. 


July 15 


2.1 




Aug. ,17 


9.5 


Time ?.. 


19 


6.6 


July 12 











a Measurement made by floats. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fortyfive Pup at claim No. 13 

for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 9.1 square miles. Observer, L. G. Michaels.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 




A 

.1 

ft 


® 


.a 
ft 




s 


4^ 

A 


A 
o 
.23 
ft 


-(J 
A 

.£f 
'S 
A 


6 

A 
o 
.S3 
ft 


A 
to 
"S 
A 


1 

OT 
ft 


1910. 
1 






1.46 
1.42 
1.42 
1.42 
1.42 

1.42 
1.42 
2.06 
2.67 
2.12 

1.96 
1.83 
1.79 
1.75 
1.71 

1.75 

1.71 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 


0.7 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.6 
.6 

13.2 

63 

16.6 

9.1 
5.4 
4.5 
3.7 
2.9 

3.7 
2.9 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 


1.62 
1.67 
1.67 
1.62 
1.58 

1.58 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 

1.58 
1.58 


1.7 
2.3 
2.3 
1.7 
1.3 

1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 

1.3 
1.3 


191(>-Con. 
21 


1.50 
1.67 
1.62 
1.58 
1.54 

1.50 
1.50 
1.46 
1.46 
1.42 
1.42 


0.8 
2.3 
1.7 
1.3 
1.0 

.8 
.8 
.7 
.7 
.6 
.6 


1.67 
1.62 
1.58 
1.62 
1.62 

1.58 
1.67 
1.62 
1.58 
1.58 
1.62 


2.3 
1.7 
1.3 
1.7 
1.7 

1.3 
2.3 
1.7 
1.3 
1.3 
1.7 






2 






22 






3 






23 






4 






24 






5 






25 






6 






26 






7 






27 






8 






28 






9 






29 






10 






30 








1.60 
1.66 
1.72 
1.68 
1.64 

1.60 
1.64 
1.60 


1.4 
2.2 
3.1 
2.4 
1.9 

1.4 
1.9 

1.4 
1.0 

.7 


31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 






12 




1.37 
0.151 

0.12 
3.1 
0.6 
A 




4.98 
0.547 

0.63 
63 
0.6 
C 






13 


1.53 


14 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 














0.168 


16 


R un-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area) . . . 






17 








18 








19 








20 


1.46 






0.07 








Maximum . . 




2.3 




Minimum. . 
Accuracy . . . 




1.3 
A 











92 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Forty five Pup at claim No. IS 

for 1910-1912— Gontimied. 





May. 


Jime. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day.^ 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






2.00 
1.92 
1.92 
1.92 
2.08 

2.00 
1.92 
1.83 
1.75 
1.75 

1.67 
1.75 
1.83 
1.92 
2.00 

1.92 
2.17 
2.00 
1.83 
1.75 

1.75 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 

1.67 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 


18.6 
'13.2 
13.2 
13.2 
24 

18.6 

13.2 

7.4 

5.5 

5.5 

3.5 

5.5 

7.4 

13.2 

18.6 

13.2 

30 

18.6 
7.4 
5.5 

5.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 

3.5 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 


1.58 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 

1.54 
1.54 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 

1.58 
1.54 
1.54 
1.58 
1.67 

1.58 
1.54 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 

1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 

1.54 
1.75 
1.75 
1.71 
1.67 
1.62 


1.8 

1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 

1.3 
1.3 

.7 
.7 
.7 

1.8 
1.3 
1.3 
1.8 
3.5 

1.8 
1.3 

.7 
.7 
.7 

.7 
.7 
.7 
.7 
.7 

1.3 

5.5 
5.5 
4.4 
3.5 
2.5 


1.58 
1.58 
1.54 
1.67 
1.67 

1.62 
1.58 
1.58 
1.54 
1.54 

1.67 
1.67 
1.62 
1.62 
1.71 

1.71 
1.67 
1.67 
1.62 
1.67 

1.58 
1.54 
1.54 
1.54 
1.50 

1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.62 


1.8 
1.8 
1.3 
3.5 
3.5 

2.5 
1.8 
1.8 
1.3 
1.3 

3.5 
3.5 
2.5 
2.5 
4.4 

4.4 
3.5 
3.5 
2.5 
3.5 

1.8 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 

.7 

.7 
.7 
.7 
.7 
.7 
2.5 


1.62 
1.62 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 

1.54 
1.54 
1.50 
1.50 
1.54 

1.75 
1.96 
1.92 
1.79 
1.75 

1.71 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 

1.62 
1.67 
1.67 
1.67 
1.71 

1.71 
1.75 
1.75 
1.75 
1.79 


2.5 
2.5 

1.8 
1.8 
1.8 

1.8 
1.3 

.7 

.7 

1.8 

5.5 

15.9 

13.2 

6.6 

5.5 

4.4 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 

2.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.6 

4.4 

4.4 
5.5 
5.5 
5.5 
6.6 


1.83 


7.4 


2 








3 










4 










5 










6 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22 










23 










24 










25 










26 










27 










28 










29 










30 


2.46 
2.25 


53.4 
36.6 






31 





















Mean dis- 
charge. . 








9.52 
1.05 

1.17 
30 
1.8 
B 




1.8 
0.198 

0.22 
5.5 
0.7 
A 





2.2 
0. 242. 

0.27 
4.4 
0.7 
A 




4.2 
0.461 

0.51 
15.9 
0.7 
A 






Second-feet per 
square mile . . 












Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum ..... 






















MiniTtinm ... 












Accuracy 

























FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



93 



Daily gage height^ in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Forty five Pup at claim No. 13 

for 1910-1912— Qoniumed. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage Dis- 
height. charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dij- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






2.95 
3.20 

2.80 


32 

49 
23 
20 
20 

18 
18 
16 
16 
14 

14 
14 
12 
35 
46 

77 
77 
77 
70 
74 

40 
35 

30 
24 
60 

74 
40 
21 
14 

8 


'"2.'i6" 

"i'io" 

2.60 
2.85 
2.60 
2.50 
2.40 

2.35 


6 

I 

4 

4 

4 
2 
2 
2 
2 

2 

1.8 

1.8 

1.8 

1.8 

1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 

24 
40 
24 
18 
12 

10 
8 
8 
6 
4 
4 


2.15 
2.50 
2.60 
2.55 

2.90 
3.15 
2.65 
2.55 
2.50 

3.90 
3.00 
2.65 
2.60 
2.55 

2.45 
2.35 
2.35 
2.30 
2.25 

2.25 
2.20 
2.20 
2.15 

2.15 


2.9 
18 
24 
21 
30 

43 
60 
27 
21 
18 

118 
50 
27 
24 
21 

15 . 

10 

10 

8.0 
6.0 

6.0 
4.0 
4.0 
2.9 
2.9 

2.9 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 










2 














3 














4 














5 
















6 
















7 


2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 

2.80 
2.95 
3.10 
3.20 
3.30 

3.10 
3.05 
2.95 
2.95 
2.80 

2.90 
2.90 
2.80 
2.75 
2.70 

2.70 
2.60 
2.80 
3.15 
2.90 
2.70 


12 
12 
12 
12 

23 
32 
42 
49 
56 

42 
38 
32 
32 
23 

29 
29 
23 
20 
17 

17 
12 
23 

46 
29 
17 


"'2.' 65' 
2.60 
3.00 
3.15 

3.60 

"'3.' 60' 
3.50 
3.35 

2.85 

"'2.' 60' 
3.15 

3.35 
2.85 
2.55 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 


2.50 


IS 






19 






20 










21 




. . 






22 


1 






23 


1... 






24 


! 






25 










26 










27 








28 








29 


i 






30 


1 






31 






















Mean dis- 
charge. . 




27.2 
2.99 

2.78 
56 
12 
C 




35.6 
3.91 

4.36 

77 
8 
C 




6.8 
0.747 

0.86 
40 
1.8 
B 




19.2 
2.11 

2.43 
118 
2.9 
B 










Second-feet per 
square mile . 












Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Max'TnuTn 












j 






MinfTnum 




1 






Accuracy 




1 








1 


i 







94 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 
South Fork of Fortymile drainage basin in 1910 to 1912: 

Miscellaneous measurements in South Fork of Fortymile River drainage basin, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to — 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 
mile. 


Aug. 16,1912 


Deep Creek 

Mosquito Fork 

do 


Dennison Fork 

South Fork 

do 


Above ditch intake 

Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 
0.24 
314 
193 
198 
169 
2.0 
a. 8 
41.9 
20.8 
1.3 
1.86 
1.5 
1.2 
1.81 
1.1 
.86 
.65 
.40 
.60 
7.79 
41.1 


Sq. mi. 


Sec.-ft. 


July 17,1911 


1,120 

1,120 

1,120 

1,120 

57.7 

16.3 

406 

414 

3.1 

3.1 

1.5 

1.5 

50.0 

13.3 

13.3 

13.3 

13.3 

13.3 

13.3 

73.7 


28 


July 20,1911 


do 


17 


Aug. 23,1911 


do 


do 


do 


18 


July 13,1912 
Aug. 7,1910 
July 15,1912 


..do 


do 


do 


15 


Gold Creek 

Chicken Creek 


Mosquito Fork 

do 


Above Willow Creek. . . 
Mouth 


.035 
.049 


July 7, 1912 
Aug. 27,1911 


Walker Fork 

do 


South Fork 

do 


Below Wade Creek 

Mouth 


.10 
.050 


July 2,1910 


Poker Creek 

do 


Walker Fork 


do 


.42 


July 6, 1912 


do 


do 


.60 


July 2, 1910 


Davis Creek 


do 


1 mile above mouth 

do 


1.00 


July 6, 1912 


do 


do 


.80 


July 7, 1912 


Wade Creek 


do 


Mouth 


.036 


July 5, 1910 


Napoleon Creek . . . 
do 


South Fork 


do 


.083 


July 11,1911 


do 


do 


.065 


July 21,1911 


... do 


do 


do 


.049 


Aug. 27,1911 


... do 


do 


do 


.030 


July 7,1912 


.. do 


do 


do 


.045 


Aug. 10,1912 


. do 


.... do 


do 


.59 


Aug. 21,1912 


Buckskin Creek . 


do 


do 


.$6 









a Discharge estimated. 

NORTH FORK OF FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION. 

North Fork drains an area of 2,120 square miles. The stream has 
its source in high rugged mountains 3,000 to 6,000 feet high. Near 
the headwaters the valleys are broad with gentle slopes, but nearer 
the mouth they become canyon-like with prominent benches which 
are merely continuations of those of the lower Fortymile River. 

The principal tributary and that representing the main stem of the 
stream is Middle Fork, locally known as Granite Fork. Its drainage 
area is 1,110 square miles, which is 52 per cent of the total drainage 
of the North Fork. Its headwaters drain a country with wide flat 
valleys somewhat similar to those of Mosquito and Dennison forks. 

North Fork above Middle Fork, locally known as Eureka Creek, has 
for its principal tributaries Slate, Comet, and Champion creeks. 
Below the junction of the two forks Bullion and Hutchinson creeks 
enter from the west. 

There are very few people in the North Fork basin, and it has been 
possible to obtain only very meager stream-flow records. Some min- 
ing has been done on tributaries of Slate Creek but has now been aban- 
doned. Hutchinson has also been the scene of mining and is still so 
to some extent. All mining in this basin is severely handicapped by 
its isolation from the source of supplies and by the very high cost of 
freighting. 



FOKTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



95 



Two power possibilities on the North Fork, one at the ^^kink" and 
another about a mile below the junction of the North and Middle 
forks, are described more in detail on page 329. 

NORTH FORK OF FORTYMILE RIVER AT THE "KINK." 

The ''khik" is on North Fork, about 12 miles above the junction 
of that stream with South Fork, 3 miles below the mouth of Hutch- 
inson Creek, and about 16 miles northwest of Franklin post office in 
an air line but nearly 40 miles by trail. A view of the ''kink" is 
shown m Plate IX, A, and it is described on page 329. A gage was 
installed at this point on July 15, 1910, and two discharge measure- 
ments were made during that season, but it was impossible to obtain 
gage-height records because no observer was available. On July 17, 
1912, a second gage was installed at the same control. One discharge 
measurement was made and scattermg records of gage heights 
obtained. The discharge measurements are insufficient to rate the 
station; consequently only the results of the measurements and the 
record of the gage heights are pubfished. 

The daily discharge at the ^^kink" has been estimated from the 
records of Fortymile River at Steel Creek and the South Fork at 
Franklin. The drainage area of North Fork at the ''kink" is 74 per 
cent of Fortymile River at Steel Creek minus that of the South Fork 
at Franklin. Therefore 74 per cent of the difference between the 
discharges at Steel Creek and at Franklin will approximate the dis- 
charge at the "kink." The errors involved by this method are 
largely eliminated by taking the mean for a number of days. 

Discharge measurements of North Fork of Fortymile River at the "hinJc,^' 1910 and 1912. 



Date. 



1910. 

July 15 

Aug. 8 

1912. 
July 17 




Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
897 
425 



541 



Daily gage height, in feet, of North Fork of Fortymile River at the "kink" for 1912. 
[Drainage area, 2,010 square mUes. Observer, E. G. Kenhel.] 



Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


1 






11 




6.5+ 
6.5+ 


21 




4.45 


2 






12 




22 






3 






13 




23 






4 






14 




6.15 
5.95 

5.25 

'3.' 75' 
3.85 


24 






5 




2.25 


15 




25 






6 




16 




26 






7 




a6.5+ 


17 


1.50 
1.45 


27 






8 




18 


28 . 






9 




6.5+ 


19 


29 






10 




20 




30 
















31 















o Water reported over top of gage. Highest graduation on gage, 6.50. 



96 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Fork of Fortymile River at the ''kink'' for 1910- 

1912. 



Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1910. 
1 




290 
290 
300 
309 

272 

267 

249 

252 

1,940 

2,720 

1,740 

1,110 

800 

734 
572 

408 
340 

420 
384 

482 


326 
326 
290 

528 
696 

696 
770 
696 
592 
503 

503 
503 
473 
408 
408 

1,510 
1,760 
1,930 
1,520 
1,250 


1910— Continued. 
21 


397 
308 
308 
322 
322 

428 
417 
350 
328 
284 
246 


650 
613 
465 
392 
377 

484 
454 
454 
462 
498 
409 


762 


2 




22 


646 


3 




23 


484 


4 




24 




5 




25 




6 




26 




7 




27 




8 




28 




9 


352 
1,040 

985 
1,010 
925 
930 
606 

511 
370 
230 

445 
421 


29 




10 


30 






31 




11 


Mean discharge. . . . 

Second-feet per square 

mile 




12 


502^ 

0.250 

0.214 
C 


617 

0.307 

0.35 
C 




13 


817 


14 


0.406 




15 


Run-off (depth in inches 

on drainage area) 

Accuracy 




16 


0.35 


17 


C 


18 






19 




20 









1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 



Day. 



1911. 



May. 



19,500 
18,500 



June. 



10,200 
6,840 
7,470 
7,130 
6,500 

8,560 
7,360 
4,490 
3,970 
3,610 

3,110 
2,330 
3,260 
2,270 
2,390 

3,630 
3,170 
3,240 
2,690 
2,040 



July. 



755 

755 

592 

1,600 

2,150 

4,950 
3,710 
2,200 
1,770 
1,040 

747 
600 
448 
296 
o800 

1,100 

873 

a 500 

488 

781 



Aug. 



318 
219 
185 
226 
226 

226 
226 
218 
182 
163 

245 
502 
866 
478 
507 

847 
1,630 
1,260 
1,170 
1,050 



Sept. 



725 
666 
607 
548 
533 

518 
518 
503 
488 
466 

643 

977 

1,455 

1,310 

1,220 

1,050 
773 
544 
363 
296 



Day. 



1911— Con. 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Mean dis- 
charge.. 

Second -feet 
per square 
mile 

R u n - o f f 
(depth i n 
inches o n 
drainag«e 
area) 

Accuracy 



May. 



7,400 
4,450 
2,220 
2,100 
3,920 

7,100 
6,970 
5,060 
5,350 
5,160 
9,620 



7,540 



3.75 



1.81 
C 



June. 



1,590 
2,150 
1,110 
995 
1,010 

903 
792 
792 
940 
755 



3,510 
1.75 



1.95 
C 



July. 



444 
724 
936 
892 
544 

507 
535 
913 
976 
592 
414 



1,080 
0.537 



0.62 
C 



Aug. 



788 
566 
505 
359 
341 

318 
302 
307 
307 
307 
307 



489 
0.243 



0.28 
C 



Sept. 



710 
0.353 



0.26 
C 



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 



Day. 



1912. 



May. 



1,540 

1,680 
2,020 
2,520 
2,220 
3,420 

2,320 
3,110 
3,510 
5,570 
4,140 

4,310 
4,180 
4,990 
3,940 
2,400 



June, 



3,140 
3,000 
6,510 
4,090 
2,870 

1,820 

1,270 

888 

836 

1,220 

1,550 
1,250 
4,030 
5,820 
3,040 

9,950 
13,900 
13,000 
10, 100 
10, 100 



July, 



1,380 
1,010 
1,470 

1,580 

1,300 
932 
711 
563 
511 

514 
577 
703 
755 
792 

829 
688 
570 
525 
496 



Aug. 



644 

1,070 

1,230 

1.100 

'851 

618 

435 

8,140 

2,020 

1,420 

2,600 
9,910 
5,100 
1,920 
1,710 

1,360 
1,050 
1,130 
1,820 
1,900 



Sept. 



1,110 
1,150 
1,110 
1,020 
1,150 

1,150 
777 
733 
600 
725 

962 
873 
651 
637 
766 



736 
1,180 
2,570 
2,180 



Oct. 



733 

770 
814 
740 
666 

696 
725 
681 
607 
574 

570 

540 
481 



Day. 



1912— Con. 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Mean dis- 
charge.. 

Second-feet 
per square 
mile 

Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 

Accuracy... 



May. 



2,400 
2,720 
2,920 
2,640 
1,360 

1,060 
755 
940 
3,310 
7,620 
5,570 



3,240 
1.61 



1.62 
C 



June, 



8,000 
5,520 
6,070 
6,070 
4,280 

4,770 
3,610 
2,520 
1,370 
1,210 



4,740 
2.36 



2.63 
C 



July. 



525 
3,230 
2,310 
1,370 
1,070 

1,020 
1,320 
1,490 
1,200 
918 
666 



1,060 
0.527 



0.61 
C 



Aug. 



1,900 
1,810 
1,500 
1,400 
1,500 

1,350 
1,210 
1,860 
1,580 
1,450 
1,160 



2,150 
1.07 



1.23 
C 



Sept. 



1,780 
1,380 
1,180 
1,060 
903 

555 
452 
341 
341 
385 



1,010 
0.503 



0.56 
C 



Oct. 



661 
0.329 



0.16 
C 



o Discharges interpolated. 



FOKTYMILE EIVEE DBAINAGE BASIN. 



97 



NORTH FORK OF FORTYMILE RIVER ABOVE MIDDLE FORK. 

This station was located at the North Fork telegraph station of 
the Signal Corps of the United States Army, about a mile above the 
mouth of the Middle Fork and about 40 miles southwest of Eagle in 
an air line. The station was established July 15, 1910, and gage- 
height observations were made for the remainder of the summer. 
The telegraph station was abandoned by the Signal Corps in the 
winter of 1910-11, making it impracticable to continue stream-flow 
records at this point. 

Discharge measurements of North Fork of Fortymile River above Middle Fork, 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1910. 
July 16 

17 

Aug. 22 

23 

Sept. 12.'".'.'..'.. 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


2.14 


242 


2.00 


194 


1.95 


170 


1.90 


155 


2.29 


294 



Date. 



Aug. 18. 



1911. 



July 18. 



1912. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
1,060 



250 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of North ForTc of Fortymile River 

above Middle Fork for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 724 square miles. Observer, E. H. Lathrop.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 







1.92 
1.92 
1.88 
1.83 
1.79 

1.71 

1.67 

2.00 

4.1 

3.3 

2.85 
2.60 
2.33 
2.17 
2.08 

2.04 
2.08 
2.04 
2.08 
2.08 

2.04 
2.00 
1.92 
1.90 
1.92 

1.90 
1.92 
2.00 
1.98 
1.92 
1.83 


162 
162 
149 
135 
125 

106 

99 

189 

1.420 

904 

622 
475 
330 
256 
219 

204 
219 
204 
219 
219 

204 
189 
162 
155 
162 

155 
162 
189 
182 
162 
135 


1.83 

2.04 

3.0 

2.85 

2.65 

2.85 
2.65 
2.65 
2.60 
2.42 

2.42 
2.33 
2.33 
2.25 
2.90 

3.7 

3.4 

3.7 

3.2' 

2.90 

2.60 

"'2.' 33' 
2.17 

2.17 
2.08 
2.00 
1.92 
2.00 


135 
204 
714 
622 
504 

622 
504 
504 
475 
377 

377 
330 
330 
292 
653 

1,160 
968 

1,160 
840 
653 

475 
419 
374 
330 
256 

256 
219 
189 

162 
189 


2.00 
1.92 


189 


2 






162 


3 








4 










6 










6 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 


2.17 

2.11 
2.00 
1.92 
2.00 
2.00 

1.92 
1.92 

2.08 
2.04 
2.08 

1.92 
1.88 
1.88 
1.79 
1.75 
1.83 


256 

230 
189 
162 
189 
189 

162 
162 
219 
204 
219 

162 
149 
149 
125 
116 
135 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 ... 






31 






Mean discharge 




177 
0.244 

0.15 
256 
116 

A 




267 
0.369 

0.42 
1,420 
99 
B 




477 
0.659 

0.74 
1,160 
135 
B 






Second-feet per square mile 








Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 








Maximum 








Minimum 








Accuracy 

















42913° — WSP 342—15- 



98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

CONFEDERATE CREEK AT MOUTH. 

This station was located at the mouth of Confederate Creek, about 
27 miles from Franklin post office. It was maintained for about a 
month in 1912. The drainage basin of Confederate Creek is some- 
what greater than that of Hutchinson Creek above Confederate but 
is very similar in character. The slow-melting glaciers and snow 
banks in the high rugged mountains in which the stream heads fur- 
nish a relatively good water supply. 

Discharge measurements of Confederate CreeJc at mouth, 1912. 



Date. 



height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



June 11. 
July 16. 
Aug. 18. 



Feet. 



0.25 
.83 



Sec.-ft. 
a 4. 9 
.73 

14.8 



a Measurement made by floats. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Confederate Creeh at mouth 

for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 9 square miles. Observer, E. M. Webster.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


fciO 

O 


a5 

■s 

CO 

ft 


® 

o 


ho 

C3 

CO 

s 


03 


a5 

Fh 

c3 

1 

s 


+-5 

Of) 

.1— ( 


a5 
o 

CO 

s 


4J 

3 

CD 
W) 

O 


o 

CO 

p 


4J 

(A 


u 
o 

CO 

s 


1 










0.75 
.60 
.55 


11 

6.4 
5.1 
5.1 
5.1 

15 
40 
24 
11 
7.9 

57 
50 
24 
18 
16 

16 
11 
16 
16 


21 






0.65 
.70 
.65 
.60 
.60 

.80 
.65 
.65 
.60 
.75 
.80 


7.9 
9.4 
7.9 
6.4 
6.4 

13 
7.9 
7.9 
6.4 

11 

13 






2 










22 










3 










23 










4 .. . . 










24 






















25 










6 












26 










7 










1.25 
1.00 

.75 
.65 

1.50 

1.40 

1.00 

.90 

.85 

.85 
.75 
.85 
.85 


27..... 










8 










28 










9 











29 










10 .. 










30 














4.9 






31 










11 


Mean dis- 
charge. „ 










12 















6.95 
0.772 

0.46 
13 
2.8 
B 






13 










18.7 


14 










Second -feet 
per square 
mile 










15 


















0.40 
.40 
.40 
.40 
.40 


2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 


2.08 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 










17 








18 








19 








20 






1.47 












Maximum.. 








57 




Minimnm . _ 








5.1 




Accuracy 








B 















HUTCHINSON CREEK BELOW CONFEDERATE CREEK. 



A gage was installed on Hutchinson Creek, just below the mouth 
of Confederate Creek and about 27 miles by trail from Franklin post 
ofhce, on July 13, 1910, and scattering records were obtained during 
1910 and 1911. During the summer of 1912 the gage-height records 



FOETYMILE EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



99 



were practically continuous. The channel shifted somewhat during 
1910 and 1911, but in 1912 the effect of shifts was probably negligible. 

Discharge measurements of Hutchinson Creek below Confederate Creek, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 13 


1910. 


Feet. 
1.24 
1.21 
1.09 
1.53 
1.25 

1.35 
1.58 


Sec.-ft. 
7.3 
5.8 
1.7 
35.0 
3.9 

4.50 
7.12 


1911- 
Aug. 20... 


-Contiuued. 


Feet. 
1.42 

1.50 
1.42 
1.73 


Sec.-ft. 
5.45 


14 


June 11 . . 
July 16.. 


1912. 




Aug. 7.. 
9.. 








n 8 2 


21 . . - 




4 47 




1911. 


Aug. 18 


25 3 


July 13.. 






14.. 













a Measurements made by floats. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Hutchinson Creek below Con- 
federate Creek for 1911-12. 

[Drainage area, 16.6 square miles. Observer, E. M. Webster.] 





July.- 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


4J 


03 

o 

s 


i 


o 
.S3 
P 




t 

o 

.a 
p 


s 


o 

.a 
p 


'S 

rd 

o 


o 

CO 

p 




o 

CO 

p 


1911. 
1 














1911— Con. 
16 










1.84 


26 


2 














17 












3.. 














18 














4 -. . 














19 














5 






.... 




1.67 

1.58 
1.71 
1.75 
1.79 
1.84 

3.1 
3.0 
2.8 
2.8 
1.92 


12 

7.3 
15 
18 
21 
26 

172 
158 
132 
132 
34 


20 






1.42 


5.3 






6. .. 










21 










7 




' 




22 






1.58 


7.3 






8.... 




1 




23 










9 ... 










24 






1.50 


6.3 






10 










25 






2.7 


120 


11 










26 












12 










27 














13 


1.33 
1.58 


4.3 
7.3 






28 














14 






29 


1.42 


5.3 










15 






30 






1 












31 


1 


1.50 


6.3 


1 






1 


1 



100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOI^-TAH^ANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Hutchinson Creeh below Con- 
federate Creek for 1911-12 — Continued. 





May. 


June. 


. July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






1.85 
2.10 
1.85 
1.80 
1.75 

1.70 
1.65 
1.70 
1.65 
1.60 

1.45 
2.05 
2.45 
2.40 

2.85 

2.10 
2.15 
1.70 
1.40 
1.75 

1.70 
1.80 
1.95 
2.30 
2.30 

2.15 
2.10 
1.95 
1.65 
1.40 


37 
62 
37 
32 
27 

22 
18 
22 
18 
14 

6.0 

57 
102 

96 
151 

62 
67 
22 
a 22 
27 

22 
32 

47 
84 
84 

67 
62 
47 
18 
4.0 


1.40 
1.60 
1.60 
1.50 
1.35 

1.20 
1.35 
1.40 
1.40 
1.40 

1.45 
1.40 
1.60 
1.55 
1.55 

1.45 
1.45 
1.40 
1.35 
1.40 

1.80 
1.80 
1.75 
1.65 
1.60 

2.10 
1.95 
1.90 
1.85 
1.75 
1.90 


4.0 

14 

14 
8.0 
3.0 

1.2 
3.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

6.0 
4.0 

14 

11 

11 

6.0 
6.0 
4.0 
3.0 
4.0 

32 
32 
27 
18 
14 

62 
47 
42 
37 
27 
42 


1.90 
1.75 
1.65 

'"2." is' 

2.00 
1.90 
1.85 

2.65 
2.00 
1.90 
1.85 
1.75 

1.75 
1.85 
1.75 
1.75 
1.75 

1.75 
1.85 
1.85 
1.75 
1.75 

1.85 
1.90 


42 


2 






27 


3 






18 


4 






18 


5 






18 


6 






30 


7 






67 


8 






52 


9 






42 


10 






37 


11 






126 


12 


" 




52 


13 






42 


14 






37 


15 






27 


16 






27 


17 






37 


18 






27 


19 






27 


20 






27 


21 






27 


22 






37 


23 


1.90 
1.80 
1.95 

2.10 
2.30 
2.15 
2.15 
1.95 
1.85 


42 
32 
47 

62 
84 
67 
67 
47 
37 


37 


24 


27 


25 


27 


26 


37 


27 


42 


28 


35 


29 


35 


30 


35 


1 


35 










Mean discharge 




53.9 
3.25 

1.09 
84 
32 

B 




45.6 
2.75 

3.07 
151 
4.0 

B 




16.4 
0.988 

1.14 
62 
1.2 
B 




37.2 


Second-feet per square mile 




2.24 


E,un-ofE (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




2.58 


Maximum 




126 


Minimum 




18 


Accuracy , 




B 









a Discharge interpolated. 
HUTCHINSON CREEK BELOW MONTANA CREEK. 

On July 14, 1910, a gage was installed on Hutchinson Creek just 
below the mouth of Montana Creek and about 2 miles below the mouth 
of Hutchinson Creek. Occasional records were obtained for three 
seasons. Channel shifts necessitated the use of a different rating 
table for each season, but the errors due to this cause are probably 
not very great. The records at this station, with those below Con- 
federate Creek, give a fairly comprehensive idea of the flow of 
Hutchinson Creek. 



FOKTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. lOl 

Discharge measurements of Hutchinson Creek below Montana Creek, 1913-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 14.. 


1910. 


Feet. 
1.44 
1.27 
2.33 
1.33 


Sec.-ft. 
10.1 

5.1 
88.0 

7.9 


July 13.. 


1911. 


Feet. 
1.37 
1.80 
1.50 

1.71 
1.50 
2.21 


Sec.-ft. 
7.71 


Aug. 8 


14 


27.7 


9 


Aug. 20 


11.6 


22 


June 11 . . 


1912. 








a 10.5 




July 16 


7 49 




Aug. 18 


36 1 









a Measurements made by floats. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Hutchinson Creek below Montana 

Creek for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 29 square miles. Observer, Jack McLin.] 





July. 


August. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.23 
1.21 
1.21 
1.21 
1.19 

1.19 
1.19 
2.21 
2.33 


4.5 
4.1 
4.1 
4.1 
3.7 

3.7 
3.7 
73 

88 
78 

69 
51 
51 
51 
51 

51 
44 
37 
30 
23 


1910— Con. 
21 


1.33 
1.33 
1.34 
1.31 
1.25 

1.23 
1.23 
1.23 
1.23 
1.24 
1.25 


6.7 
6.7 
7.0 
6.1 
4.8 

4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.7 
4.8 


'"'i."38* 
"'"i.'54' 


16 


2 






22 


8.2 


3 






23 


9.2 


4 




. 


24 


10.2 


5 






25 


11.2 


6 






26 


12.2 


7 






27 


13.2 


8 






28 


14.2 


9 






29 


15.2 


10 






30 










2.17 
2.00 


31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge . . . 






12 








5.88 
0.203 

0.14 
10.5 
4.5 
B 






13 






28.8 


14 


1.44 


10.5 
8.6 

6.7 
6.1 
5.4 
5.0 

4.8 


2.00 


Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 


0.993 


16 


1.33 
1.31 
1.28 
1.26 
1.25 


Run-ofl (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area). 






17 


1.07 


18.. 


Maximum 




88 


19 


Minimum 




3.7 


20 


Accuracy 




c 













July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


+3 

.§ 
S 

<D 


s 


'S 

O 


s 


4^ 

bX) 


rd 

s 




o 


'S 


d 

•g 

5 


<s 
bo 

03 

o 


•s 

s 


1911. 
1 










2.90 


186 


1911— Con. 
16 














2 










17 














3.. 










2.75 


158 


18 














4 










19 














5 














20 














6 














21 


.... 












7 














22 














8 














23 














9 














24 


2.00 


42 










10 














25 


1.50 
2.33 


12 

78 


3.00 


205 


11 






2.50 


no 


3.00 
3.35 


205 
270 


26 








12 






27 










13 


1.33 


6.8 






28 














14 










29 


1.58 


15.2 










16 






1.58 


15.2 


1.92 


36 


30 


2.00 
2.80 


42 
167 












31 























102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAITANA REGION", ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, infect, and discharge, in second-feet, of Hutchinson Creeh helow Montana 

Creel for 1910-1912— QontiTiuedi. 





May. 


Jime. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 


















1.75 


14 


2 










2.70 


74 








3 


















4 






1.90 


19 














5..*. 










1.80 


15 


1.65 


11 


6 
















7 














3.00 


104 






8 


















9 






















10 






















11 






1.70 
2.55 


12 
62 






3.55 
3.05 


170 
110 






12 






1.45 


6.7 






13 










14 






3.55 


170 














15 


















16 


2.70 


74 


3.05 
4.0 


110 
224 


1.50 


7.6 










17 










18 


2.90 


94 






2.20 


34 






19 














20 


3.00 


104 


















21 


















22 






















23 


2.80 


84 






1.65 


11 










24 














25 






2.55 


62 






2.15 


31 






26 






1.80 
1.20 


15 
3.0 






27 


















28 


















29 














2.65 


70 






30 










1.20 


3.0 






31 

































' 



MONTANA CREEK AT CLAIM "NO. 7 ABOVE." 

This station is located on Montana Creek at claim ''No. 7 above," 
about a mile above the junction with Hutchinson Creek. It was 
established July 14, 1910. Records have been obtained for three 
summers. The rating curve is rather poorly defined and many 
periods of the daily discharges are estimated. The values of the 
monthly means are probably within 15 per cent of the true values. 
The tributary drainage is small, and in July and August the water 
supply is often inadequate for placer-mining operations. In the 
winter glaciers are formed in the V-shaped canyon of the creek 
which do not melt until far into the summer. 

Discharge measurements of Montana Creeh at claim ^'No. 7 dbove,^^ 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. \ 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 14 


1910. 


Feet. 
0.85 
.75 
1.33 

.88 

.84 
.96 


Sec.-ft. 
1.20 
.46 
14.0 
1.60 

1.16 
2.17 


June 11.. 
July 16.. 


1912. 


Feet. 
1.06 
.90 
1.17 


Sec.-ft. 
o2.5 


Aug. 8 




1.02 


9 . . . . 


Aug. 18 


6.77 


22 






July 14 . . 


1911. 




Aug. 19 









a Measurement made by floats. 



FOKTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



103 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Montana Creeh at claim "No. 

7 above'' for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 5.9 square miles. Observer, Jack McLin.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


to 
a 

O 


XI 

5 


-i-j 

1 
a 

O 


8) 
5 


-i-i 

53 
o 

tJD 
c3 

O 


© 

S-i 

a 
xi 
o 

m 

s 


1 
S 

© 

O 


.£3 

5 


'S 

© 


o 

s 


i 

s 

© 


■s 

m 

s 


1910. 
1 . -- 






0.75 
.75 
.75 
.75 
.75 

.75 

.75 

1.42 

1.50 

1.14 

1.03 

1.00 

.95 

.93 

.91 

.92 
.92 
.92 
.92 
.92 

.92 

.88 
.88 
.88 
.85 

.85 
.85 
.85 
.83 
.83 
.83 


0.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 

.5 
.5 

19.4 

25 
7.0 

4.3 
3.6 
2.8 
2.4 
2.1 

2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 

2.2 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 


0.83 
.83 
.83 
.83 

.88 

.88 
.88 
.88 
.85 
.85 

.88 
.83 
.83 
.83 
.83 

.83 
.83 
.83 
.83 
.94 

.92 
.92 


1.1 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 

1.5 

1.5 
1.5 
1.5 

1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 

1.1 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 
2.6 

2.2 
2.2 


1911. 
1 






0.84 
.84 
.84 
.84 
.84 

.84 
.84 
.84 
.84 
.84 

.98 
.96 
.96 
.97 
1.02 

1.04 

1.04 

.98 

.96 

.95 

.92 
.95 
.97 

.88 
.86 

1.12 
1.17 
1.06 
1.00 
1.03 
1.37 


1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

3.2 
2.9 
2.9 
3.0 
3.9 

4.4 
4.4 
3.2 
2.9 
2.7 

2.2 
2.7 
3.0 
1.7 
1.5 

6.3 
7.9 
4.8 
3.5 
4.2 
16.0 


1.44 
1.37 
1.20 
1.04 
1.03 

1.02 

'i.'oo' 

1.30 
1.25 
1.20 
1.17 

'i.'33' 


20 


2 






2 






16.0 


3 






3 






8.8 


4 






4 






4.4 


5 . .. 






5 






4.2 


6 






6 






3.9 


7 






7 






3.7 


8 






8 






3.5 


9 






9 






3.5 


10 






10 






6.5 


11 






11 






12.6 


12 






12 






10.7 


13 






13 






8.8 


14 


0.84 
.83 

.83 
.80 
.79 
.77 
.75 

.75 
.75 
.76 

.77 
.75 

.75 
.75 
.75 
.75 
.75 
. 75 


1.2 
1.1 

1.1 

.8 
.8 
.7 
.5 

.5 

.5 
.5 
.7 
.5 

. 5 
.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 


14 


0.88 
.94 

.84 
.84 
.84 
.84 
.84 

.98 

1.00 

.86 

.88 
.84 

.88 
.92 
.88 
.84 
.84 
.84 




1.7 
2.5 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

3.2 
3.5 
1.5 
1.7 
1.2 

1.7 
2.2 
1.7 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 


7.9 


15 


15 


10 


16 


16 


10 


17 


17 


10 


18 


18 


10 


19 


19 


10 


20 


20 


12 


21 


21 


12 


22 


22 


12 




23 


12 


24 






24 


12 






• 


25 


14.1 


26 






26 




27 ... 






27 













28 






29 






29 












30 






31 






31 












Mean dis- 
charge.. 






Mean dis- 




0.66 
0.112 

0.07 
1.2 
0.5 
C 





3.09 
0.524 

0.60 
25 
0.5 
C 




1.35 
0.229 

0.19 
2.6 
1.1 

C 

1 




1.69 
0.286 

0.19 
3.5 
1.2 
C 




3.20 
0.543 

0.63 
16.0 

1.2 

C 




9.56 


Second-feet 
per square 
mile 




Second-feet 
per square 
mile 




1.62 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 




Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 




1.51 


MaximiiTn 




Maximiun.. 




2C 


Minimum. . 
Accuracy... 




Minimum. . 
Accuracy... 





3.5 
C 













104 SURFACE WATER. SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Montana Creeh at claim " No. 

7 above," for 1910-1912— Gontinued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 








14 
25 
15 
14 
11 

9.0 
7.0 
9.0 

7.2 
5.6 

3.8 
27 
27 
50 
30 

22 
65 
35 

27 
22 

22 
24 
27 
24 
24 

18 

15 

10 
4.5 
4.5 


'"i.'ss" 
"'i.'io' 

.90 
.90 
.90 

'""'."85' 

1.25 

""i."i5' 
'"i.'is" 

1.15 
1.10 

"'i.'io' 

1.10 


4.0 

24 

16 
8.0 
3.8 

3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
2.0 
2.0 

2.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

.9 

.8 

10 
8.0 
5.9 
5.9 
5.9 

5.9 

3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 


"'i.'io' 
'"2." 66' 

1.50 
1.40 

2.00 
1.50 
1.40 

'"i.'is" 

1.15 

""i."i6' 
"'i.'i6' 


3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 

20 
50 
22 
17 

17 

50 
22 
17 
14 
12 

10 
8.0 
5.9 
5.9 
5.9 

4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
3.8 
3.8 

3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 


1.10 
'"i.'io" 


3.8 


2 








3.8 


3 








3.8 


4 








3.8 


5 








3.8 


6 










7 












8 












9 












10 












11 






1.10 
1.60 
1.60 
2.00 
1.65 

1.50 
2.25 
1.75 
1.60 
1.50 

1.50 

"'"i.'eo' 

1.55 
1.55 

'""i.'ss" 

1.25 






12 










13 










14 










15 


1.55 

1.60 
1.50 
1.45 
1.50 
1.45 

1.65 
1.60 
1.45 
1.35 
1.35 

1.30 
1.30 
1.60 
1.70 


24 

27 
22 
20 
22 
20 

30 
27 
20 
15 
15 

12 
12 
27 
32 
18 
14 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 












22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 






















Mean discharge. 




21.0 
3.56 

2.25 
32 
12 

C 




20.0 
3.39 

3.78 
65 
3.8 
C 




4.55 
0.771 

0.89 
24 
0.8 
C 




11.0 
1.86 

2.14 

50 
3.8 
C 




3.80 


Second-feet per 
square mile 




0.644 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.12 


Maximum 




3.8 


Minimum 




3.8 


Accuracy 




C 









FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASllT. 
MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



105 



The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 
North Fork of Fortymile River drainage basui, 1910 to 1912: 

Miscellaneous measurements in North Fork of Fortymile River drainage basin in 1910- 

1912. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to- 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 
per 

square 
mile. 


July 16,1910 
July 18,1910 
July 19,1912 
July 18,1910 
July 19,1912 
Do 


Middle Fork 

Slate Creek 


North Fork 

do 


Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 

397 
40 
75.7 
16.8 
59.0 
36.4 
8.8 
13.8 
33.6 
14.1 
87.5 
78 
34.8 

6.94 
a 48 

9.0 
28.6 
14.6 

8.97 

5.54 
11.2 


Sq. mi. 
1,110.0 

336 

336 

109 

109 
60.5 
43.4 
43.4 
43.4 

125 

173 

179 

179 


Sec.-ft. 
0.36 


do 


.12 


do 


do 


do 


.23 


North Fork 

do 


Fortymile River . . 
do 


Above Slate Creek 

do 


.15 
.54 


Comet Creek 

Champion Creek. . . 

do 

do 


North Fork 

do 

do 


Mouth 


.60 


Aug. 26,1910 
Sept. 11.1910 


Below Arkansas Creek. 
do 


.20 
.32 


Aug. 16,1911 


do 


do 


.78 


Aug. 25,1910 
Aug. 17,1911 
July 17,1910 
July 19,1912 


do 

do 

do 


do 

do 

do 


Above Bear Creek 

Below Bear Creek 

Mouth 


.11 
.50 
.44 


do 


do 


do 


.19 


July 5, 1911: 
3p. m — 
8 p. m 


Quartz Creek 

do 


Champion Creek. . 
do 


Telegraph line 




do 






Aug. 25,1910 
Aug. 17,1911 


Bear Creek 

do 


do 

do 


Mouth 


48.0 
48.0 
34.3 
34.3 
34.3 
71.3 


.19 


do 


.60 


Aug. 22,1910 
Aug. 18,1911 


Bullion Creek 

do 


North Fork 


do 


.43 


do 


do 


.26 


July 18,1912 


do 


do 


do 


.16 


July 18,1912 


Hutchinson Creek. . 


do 


do 


.16 











a Discharge estimated. 

LOWER FORTY3^IILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Fortymile Eiver is formed by the junction of North and South 
forks, about 40 miles hi an ah* Ihie from the mouth. Throughout 
this distance, which is approximately 60 miles by river, the pro- 
nounced V-shaped valley has cut about 500 feet below an old valley 
floor. The river is joined by O'Brien, Flat, Steel, Twia, Nugget, 
Canyon, Smith, Moose, and Uncle Sam creeks. The largest of these 
is O'Brien Creek, which has for tributaries KJing Solomon Creek, 
Liberty Fork, and Columbia, Alder, and Dome creeks. Moose Creek 
lies almost entirely in Canadian territory. All these streams have 
heavy gradients and at their mouths have cut deeply iato the high 
bench lands. 

MiniQg has been done on several of these creeks, but priacipally 
on Dome Creek and tributaries of Canyon Creek. The bars and 
benches along the river have been miaed extensively. The benches 
still offer possibilities for considerable development, but the bars have 
been worked repeatedly by snipers with rockers and do not offer very 
strong uiducements for further work by this method. The river 
bed has been mined by dredging for a few miles near the boundary 



106 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



and also on South Fork. Probably the greater portion of the river 
will ultimately be dredged. 

A few ditches have been built on the lower Fortymile and others 
are under construction or are planned. From Smith Creek a ditch 
and flume divert water and carry it to a point near the mouth, where 
it is taken across the Fortymile in a pipe supported by a suspension 
bridge, for use in mining about half a mile below. At Moose Creek 
a 3-mile conduit composed of about half ditch and half flume diverts 
from Elmer Creek, a tributary of Moose Creek rising in American 
territory, and carries the water up the valley to Claghorn Bar. 

KING SOLOMON CREEK AT LIBERTY CABIN. 

Scattered records have been obtained on King Solomon Creek at 
Liberty Cabin, about 28 miles south of Eagle. In 1910 two discharge 
measurements were made. On June 10, 1911, a gage was installed 
and occasional gage-height observations and discharge measurements 
were made during 1911 and 1912. From these records the charac- 
teristics of the flow of this creek may be closely judged. 

Discharge measurements of King Solomon Creeh at Liberty Cabin in 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 27 


1910. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
17.3 

5.7 

117 
65.7 
82.3 
9.41 


June 2 . . 


1912. 


Feet. 
3.15 
2.43 
3.04 

2.77 


Sec.-ft. 
36.4 


July 30 




July 2 


11.2 




1911. 


3.92 
3.52 
3.68 
2.40 


Aug. 3 


32.8 




30 


21.2 


July 6 . 






7 




28 




Sept. 9 









FORTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



107 



Daily gage height, infeet^ and discharge, in second-feet, of King Solomon Creek at Liberty 

Cabin for 1911-12. 

[Drainage area, 54.2 square miles. Observers: John B. Powers, 1911; Henry Friday, 1912.] 





Jime. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October, 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






2.50 
2.45 
2.70 
2.70 
3.85 

4.05 
3.45 
3.15 


12 
10 
18 
18 
105 

136 

60 
39 
38 
36 

33 
22 
19 
16 
13 

10 

7 
6 
5 
4 

5 

6 

12 

26 

30 

39 

74 
69 
39 
26 
18 


2.50 
2.40 


12 
9 


3.00 
2.80 


30 
22 






2 










3 










4 


















5 


















6 


















7 


















8 






2.10 
2.10 
2.40 


4 
4 
9 


2.45 


10 






9 










10 


4.60 
4.95 


240 
326 


3.10 

3.05 
2.80 


2.60 
2.60 


15 
15 






11 


2.40 


9 


12 








13 


















14 




















15. 




















16 




















17 


3.70 
3.65 


86 
80 


2.30 


2.90 
3.10 


26 
36 


3.10 

2.80 


36 
22 






18 






19 






20 






2.10 
2.20 


2.60 
2.60 


15 
15 










21 


3.40 


66 


2.80 


22 


2.00 


3 






23 


























2.90 
3.00 

3.15 
3.60 
3.55 
3.15 
2.90 
2.70 














25 


















26 




















2.70 
2.60 


18 

15 

....... 


2.50 
2.50 


12 
12 


3.00 
3.00 


30 
30 






28 






29 






30 






















































Mean discharge.. 








30.7 
0.567 

0.63 
136 
4 
B 














Second - feet per 
square mile 




















Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




















MaTirmim . . , 




















MinimnTTi 




















Accuracy 









































108 SUKFACE WATEB SUPPLY OF YUKOisf-TAKANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of King Solomon Creeh at Liberty 

Cabin for 1911-12 — Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Jime. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


i 

,d - 

C3 


t 

-d 
o 

.a 
ft 


1 

,d 


A 
o 
•a 
ft 


i 


op 
o 

.a 
ft 


,d 

C3 


1 

-d 
o 

ft 


i 

® 


rd 

o 

.a 
ft 


i 

rd 

as 


bo 

rd 

•a 
P 


1912. 
1 








10 
10 
15 
10 
10 

9 
9 
9 

7 
5 

9 
9 

8 
8 
8 

7 
7 
7 

10 
15 


3.50 
3.50 
3.05 
3.00 
2.90 

3.00 
5.20 
4.25 
3.80 
3.65 

3.90 
4.55 
4.05 
3.70 
3.60 

3.55 
3.40 
3.25 
3.20 
3.10 


64 
64 
33 
30 
26 

30 
396 
171 

98 
80 

112 
230 
136 

86 

74 

69 
56 
45 
42 
36 


1912. 
21 






3.40 


56 
52 
48 
44 
38 

34 
30 
30 

28 
26 
24 


'2.' 75' 

2.80 


32 


2 


3.80 
4.15 
3.00 


98 

153 

30 


2.45 


22 






30 


3 


23 








28 


4 


24 








26 


5 


25 








24 


6 








26 








22 


7 






2.40 
2.40 


27 






3.00 
3.00 


38 


8 


3.50 


64 


28 






32 


9 


29 






26 


10 


3.00 

2.90 
2.80 


30 

26 
22 


2.20 
2.40 


30 








20 




31 








22 


11 


Mean dis- 
charge 










12 








19.1 
0.352 

0.41 
56 
5 
C 






13 


70.3 


14 


3.00 


30 




Second-feet 
per square 
mile 










15 












1.30 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) . 










17 






2.30 
2.30 




18 


3.00 


30 




19 




20 






2.60 


1.50 








Maximum.. 








396 




Minimum. . 








20 




Accuracy. . . 








B 















LIBERTY FORK AT MOTTTH. 



In 1911 a gage was installed on Liberty Fork about 200 yards 
above its junction with King Solomon Creek, near the mail trail from 
Eagle to Chicken. Occasional observations were made by travelers 
along the trail during the summers of 1911 and 1912. The control 
showed a considerable tendency to shift, but the comparatively fre- 
quent measurements probably eliminated any great error. 

Discharge measurements of Liberty Fork at mouth in 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 27 . . 


1910. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft 
19.4 
4.9 

35.9 
17.2 
10.2 


Jime 2. . 


1912. 


Feet. 
3.91 
3.48 
3.86 
3.73 


Sec.-ft. 
40.1 


July 30 




July 2 


10.0 




1911. 


4.10 
3.85 
3.55 


Aug. 3 


29.4 




30 


19.6 


July 7.. 






28 




Sept. 9 : 









FOETYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



109 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Liberty Fork at mouth for 

1911-12. 





[Drainage area, ' 


13.1 square miles. 


Observer, John B. Powers.] 








June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






















2 










3.50 


8.5 






4.00 


26 


3 
















4 






















5 






















6 























7 






4.25 


50 














8 






3.40 


7.2 


3.55 
3.55 


9.2 
9.2 


3.70 


12.5 


9 












10 


4.15 


40 














11 






3.80 


15.5 






3.65 


11.2 


12 






3.90 


20 








13 


















14 






















15 






















16. .. .. .. 






















17 






3.55 


9.3 


3.90 


20 


3.90 


20 






18 










19 






















20 






















21 






3.50 


8.5 


3.40 


7.2 


3.80 


15.5 






22 










23 






















24 






















25 






















26 










3.60 


10.0 










27 






3.80 
3.85 


15.5 

17.8 


4.00 


26 






28 














29 


















30 










3.80 


15.5 










31 











































Jime. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


4^ 

® 

bo 
O 


o 


bo 
'S 
A 

a> 

(3 
O 


03 


4J 

.£3 
'S 
(D 
03 
O 


d 

1 

ft 


'S 

A 
<s 

C3 

o 


o 

s 


i 
s 

« 

bJO 

03 
O 


(-1 

03 


4J 

'S 

A 
<c 
to 

03 

o 


5 


1912. 
1 














1912— Con. 
16 














2 


3.90 


36 


3.50 


11 


5.20 
3.85 
3.85 


390 
30 
30 


17 






3.80 


24 






3 


18 










4 










19 














5 










20 














6 














21 






4.60 


200 






7 






3.50 


11 






22 










8 










23 














9 














24 














10 














25 














11 


3.40 


8 


3.50 


11 






26 














12 






27 






4.20 


96 






13 


3.60 
3.60 


14 
14 










28 










14 










29 














15 










30 










3.75 


21 
















31 





























DOME CREEK AT AUBURN MINING CO.'S CAMP. 

A station was located on Dome Creek at the camp of the Auburn 
Mining Co., on the mail trail from Eagle to Chicken, about 12 miles 
north of Steel Creek post office. Miscellaneous measurements were 



110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



made at this point in 1910 and 1911 and sufficient gage-height obser- 
vations and discharge measurements were obtained in 1912 for 
making an estimate of the daily discharge for a period of three 
months. A ditch to divert from Dome Creek about 4 miles above 
the station has been surveyed. These records give a basis for esti- 
mating the water supply available for this ditch in a year when the 
run-off was probably somewhat above the normal. 

Discharge measurements of Dome Creek at Auburn Mining Co.^s camp, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 

height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Tnnft 28. . 


1910. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
14.8 

20.3 
5.91 
4.54 
2.83 
2.50 


June 14 . 


1912. 


Feet 
2.98 
2.82 
3.06 
3.05 


Scc.-ft. 
a 4.3 




1911. 


3.50 
3.10 
2.95 
2.80 
2.75 


July 2 


2.71 




Aug. 4 


7.36 


June 9 


Aug. 30 


7.40 


July 7 






27 




Sept. 4 




6 









a Measurement made by floats. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Dome Creeh at Auburn Mining 

Co.^s camp for 1912. 
[Drainage area, 24.9 square mUes. Observer, John Barry.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 : 








2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
1.1 

2^2 
2.2 
2.2 

2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 

27 
24 
21 
18 
15 

12 
11 
10 
10 
10 
9.0 


'""3.'i6" 
3.05 

"3." 90' 

4.20 
'"'3.' 90' 
"'3.' 76' 

"'3.' 35' 
3.40 

'"3." 65' 
3.20 


9.0 

8.4 
8.4 
7.2 
7.2 

7.2 
35 
30 
25 
20 

47 
41 
35 
31 
27 

24 

22 
20 
18 
16 

17 
16 
12 
10 
10 

10 
8.0 
8.0 
8.0 

7.2 
11 


3.20 
3.10 
3.10 
3.20 
3.20 

3.10 
3.30 
3.20 
3.30 
3.40 

3.30 
3.40 
3.20 
3.20 

3.20 
3.50 
3.80 
3.60 
3.70 

3.50 

"'i'io' 

3.10 


11 


2 


4.20 


47 


2.80 


8.4 


3 


8.4 


4 








11 


5 








11 


6 








8.4 


7 






2.70 


14 


8 






11 


9 








14 


10 








17 


11 






2.70 


14 


12 






17 


13 








11 


14 


3.00 


6.0 




11 


15 


11 


16 








11 


17 






2.80 


20 


18 


3.00 


6.0 


31 


19 


23 


20 








27 


21 






3.70 


20 


22 






15 


23 








10 


24 








10 


25 








10 


26 








10 


27 


3.10 


8.4 


3.20 


10 


28 


10 


29 








8.4 


30 








8.4 


31 






















Mean discharge 








6.52 
0.262 

0.30 
27 
1.1 
C 




17.9 
0.719 

0.83 
47 
7.2 
B 




13.4 


Second-feet per square mile 








0.538 


Run-off (depth in inchas on drainage 
area) 








0.60 


Maximum -. 








31 


Minimum 








8.4 


Accuracy 








B 













rOKTYMILE EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



Ill 



STEEL CREEK AT MOITTH. 



A gage was installed on Steel Creek about 150 yards above its 
mouth; at the Steel Creek road house, on June 28, 1910, and records 
were obtained throughout the season. On June 7, 1911, the gage 
was reinstalled a short distance above its original position, and rec- 
ords were obtained during 1911 and 1912. The ratings are well 
defined, and the results should be almost accurate. 

Discharge measurements of Steel Creek at mouth, 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1910 
Jiine 28 

29 

30 

July 31 

Aug. 16 

1911, 

Jxane 7 

July 8 

22 



Gage 
height. 



2.40 
2.15 
1.78 



Dis- 
charge. 



eet. 


Sec.-ft. 


2.53 


36 


2.37 


18.6 


2.22 


9.1 


1.63 


.2 


2.12 


5.8 



10.6 

4.48 
.83 



Date. 



1911— Continued 

July 26 

Sept. 2 

1912. 

June 3 

13 

July 3 

Aug. 5 

6 

6 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.32 
2.05 

2.74 
2.01 
1.90 
2.00 
2.27 
2.52 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ff. 
9.30 
3.39 

32.8 
a 1.4 
1.30 
2.23 
6.74 
18.1 



a Measurement made by floats. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Steel Creeh at Tnouthfor 1910- 

1912. 



[Drainage area, 12.5 square miles. Observers: 


T. E. PhUlips, 1910; J. A 


. Kemp, 


1911-12. 


1 




June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






2.08 
2.01 
1.92 
1.86 
1.85 

1.98 
1.92 

1.88 
1.81 
1.78 

1.78 
1.76 
2.12 
2.10 
2.00 

1.92 
1.86 
1.82 
1.80 
1.78 

1.75 
1.77 
1.76 
1.74 
1.72 

1.70 
1.68 
1.66 
1.65 
1.62 
1.60 


4.6 
3.2 
2.1 
1.5 
1.4 

2.8 
2.1 
1.7 
1.1 
.9 

.9 

.8 

5.6 

5.0 

3.0 

2.1 
1.5 
1.2 
1.0 
.9 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.7 
.6 

.5 
.4 
.4 
.4 
.3 
.2 


1.65 
1.64 
1.62 
1.60 
1.56 

1.55 
1.58 
2.12 
3.48 
2.45 

2.25 
2.14 
2.06 
2.00 
1.93 

2.05 
2.05 
2.08 
• 2.10 
2.05 

2.02 
1.97 
1.96 
1.98 
2.02 

2.20 
2.10 
2.15 
2.10 
2.02 
2.00 


0.4 
.3 
.3 
.2 
.1 

.1 

.2 
5.6 
161 
26 

10.5 
6.2 
4.2 
3.0 
2.2 

4.0 
4.0 
4.6 
5.0 
4.0 

3.4 
2.7 
2.6 
2.8 
3.4 

8.0 
5.0 
6.5 
5.0 
3.4 
3.0 


2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.02 

2.25 
2.20 
2.12 
2.10 
2.10 

2.05 
2.05 
2.05 
2.05 
2.05 

2.20 
2.32 
2.29 
2.25 
2.20 

2.15 


3.0 


2 






3.0 


3 






3.0 


4 






3.0 


5 






3.4 


6 






10.5 


7 






8.0 


8 






5.6 


9 






5.0 


10 






5.0 


11 






4.0 


12 






4.0 


13 






4.0 


14 






4.0 


15 






4.0 


16 






8.0 


17 






14.6 


18 






12.5 


19 






10.5 


20 






8.0 


21 






6.5 


22 








23 










24 










25 










26 










27 










28 


2.53 

- 2.34 

2.20 


36 

16.2 
8.0 






29 






30 






31 






Mean discharge 




20.1 
1.61 

0.18 
36 
8.0 
A 




1.59 
0.127 

0.15 
5.6 
0.2 

B 




9.28 
0.742 

0.86 
161 
0.1 

c 





6.17 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.494 


Run-oCE (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.38 


Maximum 




14.6 


Minimum 




3.0 


Accuracy 




A 









112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Steel Creeh at mouth for 1910- 

i^i^— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






2.55 
2.32 
2.10 
2.12 
2.50 

2.55 
2.40 
2.25 
2.25 
2.25 

2.30 
2.22 
2.10 
2.10 
2.00 

2.05 
2.02 
2.02 
2.00 
1.82 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 

].78 
1.75 
1.75 
1.75 
1.75 


20 
8.5 
3.7 
4.1 

17 

20 

11.4 
6.6 
6.6 
6.6 

7.8 
6.0 
3.7 
3.7 
2.3 

3.0 
2.6 
2.6 
2.3 
.9 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

.7 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 


1.75 
1.70 
1.78 
1.90 
2.45 

2.50 
2.35 
2.15 
2.02 
1.92 

1.90 
1.85 
1.80 
1.75 
1.98 

1.92 
1.90 
1.90 

1.88 
1.80 

1.80 
1.78 
1.80 
2.65 
2.35 

2.32 
2.35 
2.35 
2.18 
2.05 
2.00 


0.6 

.4 

.7 

1.3 

14 

17 
9.6 
4.6 
2.6 
1.5 

1.3 
1.0 

.8 

.6 

2.1 

1.5 
1.3 
1.3 
1.2 

.8 

.8 

.7 

.8 

26 

9.6 

8.5 
9.6 
9.6 
5.1 
3.0 
2.3 


1.92 
1.90 
1.88 
1.98 
1.95 

1.92 

1.88 
1.82 
1.80 
1.80 

2.20 
2.20 
2.02 
2.05 
2.20 

2.25 
2.28 
2.15 
2.15 
2.08 

2.00 
1.98 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 

1.90 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 
1.95 


1.5 
1.3 
1.2 
2.1 
1.8 

1.5 
1.2 

.9 

.8 
.8 

5.5 
5.5 
2.6 
3.0 
5.5 

6.6 
7.3 
4.6 
4.6 
3.4 

2.3 
2.1 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 

1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.8 


2.05 
2.00 
2.00 
1.95 

'""i.'gs' 

1.95 

2.00 
2.55 
2.95 
2.70 
2.45 

2.25 
2.05 
1.90 
1.90 

1.88 


3.0 


2 






2.3 


3 






2.3 


4 






1.8 


5 






1.8 


6 






1.8 


7 






1.8 


8 






1.8 


9 






1.8 


10 






1.8 


11 






2.3 


12 






20 


13 






50 


14 






30 


15 






14 


16 






6.6 








3.0 


18 






1.3 








1.3 


20 






1.2 


21 


















23 


2.55 

2.52 
2.68 

2.55 
2.40 
2.22 
2.20 
3.30 
2.90 


20 

18 
29 

20 

11.4 
6.0 
5.5 

82 

46 












25 






26 












28 












30.. 






















Mean discharge. 
Second -feet per 




26.4 
2.11 

0.70 
82 
5.5 
B 




4.88 
0.390 

0.44 
20 
0.6 
B 




4.52 
0.362 

0.42 
26 
0.4 
B 




2.53 
0.202 

0.23 
7.3 
0.8 

B 




7.48 
0.598 


Run-off (depth, in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.46 






50 


Minimum 




1.2 






B 









FOKTYMILE EIVER DEAINAGE BASIN. 



113 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Steel Creeh at mouth for 1910- 

iS'i^— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






1.90 
1.85 
1.90 
1.90 
1.80 

1.80 
1.80 
1.75 
1.70 
1.70 

1.60 
1.60 
1.65 
1.70 
1.70 

1.65 
1.70 
1.70 
1.70 
1.70 

1.85 
2.55 
2.20 
2.20 
2.10 

2.00 
2.60 
2.20 
2.10 
2.00 
1.90 


1.3 
1.0 
1.3 
1.3 

.8 

.8 
.8 
.6 
.4 
.4 

.2 
.2 
.3 
.4 
.4 

.3 

.4 
.4 
.4 
.4 

1.0 
20 
5.5 
5.5 
3.7 

2.3 
23 
5.5 
3.7 
2.3 
1.3 


1.95 
2.15 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

2.10 
2.65 
2.40 
2.30 
2.30 

3.35 
2.90 
2.35 
2.25 
2.30 

2.25 
2.20 
2.30 
2.30 
2.25 

2.10 
2.20 
2.20 
2.15 
2.15 

2.10 
2.10 
2.15 
2.10 
2.15 
2.10 


1.8 
4.6 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 

3.7 
26 
11 

7.8 
7.8 

87 

46 
9.6 
6.6 

7.8 

6.6 
5.5 

7.8 
7.8 
6.6 

3.7 
5.5 
5.5 
4.6 
4.6 

3.7 
3.7 
4.6 
3.7 
4.6 
3.7 


2.10 
2.10 
2.15 
2.10 
2.10 

2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.20 

2.20 
2.15 
2.20 
2.25 
2.20 

2.25 
2.30 
3.45 
3.40 
2.80 

2.65 
2.55 
2.40 
2.30 
2.20 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.15 
2.10 


3.7 


2 






3.7 


3 , 


2.80 
2.25 
2.35 

2.20 
2.10 
2.10 
2.15 
2.00 

2.00 
1.95 
2.00 
2.45 
2.40 

2.70 


38 
6.6 
9.6 

5.5 
3.7 
3.7 
« 4.6 
2.3 

2.3 

1.8 
2.3 

14 

11 

30 
18 
14 
14 
14 

14 
14 
11 

5.5 
3.7 

4.6 
3.7 
2.3 
1.3 

.8 


4.6 


4 


3.7 


5 


3.7 


6 


3.7 


7 


3.7 


8 


3.7 


9 


3.7 


10 


5.5 


11 


5.5 


12 


4.6 


13 


5.5 


14 


6.6 


15 


5.5 


16 


6.6 


17 


7.8 






97 


19 




92 






38 






26 


22 


2.45 
2.40 
2.20 
2.10 

2.15 
2.10 
2.00 
1.90 
1.80 


20 




11 


24 


7.8 




5.5 


26 


5.5 


27 


5.5 




5.5 


29'. 


4.6 




3.7 


31 














Mean discliarge 




9.15 
0.731 

0.76 
38 
0.8 
A 




2.77 
0.222 

0.26 
23 
0.2 
A 




7.44 
0.595 

0.69 

87 
1.8 
A 




13.3 






1.06 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




1.18 


Maximum 




97 


Minimum 




3.7 


Accuracy 




A 









CANYON CREEK BELOW SQUAW GULCH. 

Stations were maintained on Canyon Creek below Squaw Gulch 
during 1910, 1911, and 1912, each year at a different location. In 
1910 the gage was a mile below Squaw Gulch; in 1911, 2 miles 
below; and in 1912 about 200 yards below. The drainage areas of 
the stations differ slightly; therefore, strictly, the discharges are not 
comparable without correction, though for all practical purposes they 
may be so considered. 

In 1912 the daily gage heights were obtained from occasional gage 
readings at the station and continuous gage readings at the mouth of 
Canyon Creek. The relation between the gages was determined, and 
thus the gage heights for the missing periods were supplied. The 
means are probably accurate within 15 per cent. 

42913°— WSP 342—15 8 



114 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Canyon Creeh 1 mile below Squaw Gulch, 1910-11. 



Date. 



Dis- 
charge. 



1910 

July 2 

Aug. 1 

17 

1911 
Aug. 31 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Canyon Creeh 1 mile below 

Squaw Gulch for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 58.4 square miles. Observer, Mrs. A, Gustavason.] • 






July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


-1^ 
*S 


s 


•4-5 

to 

C3 

O 


•f-H 

ft 


3 
® 

03 



ft 


S 

CD 
o3 




■g 

CO 

s 





-d 


CO 

s 


4J 

-a 

a> 
bf) 




ft 


1 






2.08 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

1.95 
2.00 
2.75 
4.00 
3.75 

3.30 
3.10 
3.00 
2.80 
2.75 

'2." 56' 
2.15 
2.25 

2.20 
2.25 
2.35 
2.40 
2.45 


9.6 

6.8 
6.8 
6.8 
6.8 

5.7 
6.8 
72 
348 

288 

181 
137 
116 

80 
72 

62 

50 

39 

12.6 

18.0 

15.0 

18.0 

25 

29 

34 


2.25 
2.25 
2.25 
2.50 
2.50 

2.20 
2.20 
2.50 
2.50 
2.60 

2.65 
2.75 
2.75 
2.75 
2.80 

2.85 
2.85 
2.90 
3.00 


18.0 

18.0 

18.0 

39 

39 

15.0 

15.0 

39 

39 

50 

57 
72 
72 
72 
80 

88 

88 

97 

116 


26 


2.10 
2.15 
2.05 
2.00 
2.05 
2.05 


10.3 
12.6 
8.6 
6.8 
8.6 
8.6 


2.50 
2.55 
2.20 
2.05 
2.15 
2.25 


39 
44 

15.0 

8.6 

12.6 

18.0 






2 


2.13 
2.10 
2.10 
2.15 

2.45 
2.75 
2.15 
2.15 
2.15 

2.15 

2.45 

2.9a 

2.75 


11.7 
10.3 
10.3 
12.6 

34 

72 

12.6 

12.6 

12.6 

12.6 

34 

97 

72 

51 

29 
15.0 
18.0 
12.6 
8.6 

12.6 
15.0 
18.0 
10.3 
10.3 


27 






3 


28 






4 


29 






5 


30 








31 






A 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 






7 




22.0 
0.377 

0.42 
97 
6.8 
A 




57.5 
0.984 

1.13 
348 
5.7 
C 






8 


54.3 


9 


Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






10 






0.930 


11 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 






12 




13 




14 




15 


0.66 




2.40 
2.20 
2.25 
2.15 
2.05 

2.15 
2.20 
2.25 
2.10 
2.10 


Maximum.. 




116 


16 


Minimum. . 




15.0 


17 


Accuracy 




B 


18 








19 




20 




21 








22 








23 








24 








25 

















Discharge measurements of Canyon Creeh 2 miles below Squaw Gulch, 1911. 



Date. 



June 6 
July 23 
Aug. 31 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
3.10 
2.00 
2.62 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
a 1.20 
3.94 
8.28 



a Discharge estimated. 



FOETYMILE EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



115 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Canyon Creek 2 miles below 

Squaw Gulch for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 59.5 square miles.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage Dis- 
height. charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 










2.50 
2.46 
2.50 
2.58 
2.50 

2.50 
2.46 
2.46 
2.46 

2.58 

3.12 
2.79 
2.75 
2.75 
2.84 

2.92 
2.84 
2.84 
2.75 
2.67 

2.67 
2.58 
2.58 
2.58 
2.54 

2.54 
2.54 
2.54 
2.54 
2.58 
2.67 


7.2 
6.9 
7.2 
7.9 
7.2 

7.2 
6.9 
6.9 
6.9 
7.9 

13.5 
9.8 
9.4 
9.4 

10.3 

11.0 

10.3 

10.3 

9.4 

8.7 

8.7 
7.9 
7.9 
7.9 
7.6 

7.6 
7.6 
7.6 
7.6 

7.9 

8.7 


2.67 
2.67 
2.58 
2.58 
2.58 

2.54 
2.54 
2.54 


8.7 


2 










8.7 


3 










7.9 


4 










7.9 


5 


2.60 
3.10 


8.1 
120 






7.9 


6 . 






7.6 


7 . .. 






7.6 


8 










7.6 


9 












10 














11 














12 . . 














13 














14 














15 














16 














17 














18 














19 














20 














21 














22 




















2.00 
2.42 
2.50 

2.50 
2.58 
2.75 
2.58 
2.50 
2.50 


3.9 
6.6 
7.2 

7.2 
7.9 
9.4 
7.9 
7.2 
7.-2 






24 






























27 










28 










29 










30 










31 




















Mean discharge 








7.17 
0.121 

0.04 
9.4 
3.9 

A 




8.43 
0.142 

0.16 
13.5 
6.9 
A 




7.99 










0.161 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 








0,05 


Maximum 








8.7 










7.6 


Accuracy 








A 













Discharge measurements of Canyon Creeh beloiu Squaw Gulch, 1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 5 


Feet. 
2.66 
2.10 


Sec.-ft. 
46.7 
7.83 


Aug. 8 


Feet. 
2.98 
2.54 


Scc.-ft. 
82.0 


Jiily 5 


23 


34.7 









116 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN" AN A REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Canyon Creek below Squaw 

Gulch for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 56.5 square miles.] 



. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 














2.45 
2.45 
2.40 
2.50 
2.45 

2.55 
2.85 
2.85 
3.10 
3.20 

3.15 

2.85 
2.55 
2.70 
2.55 

2.45 
2.60 
4.00 
3.15 
3.40 

3.15 

2.80 
2.60 
2.70 
2.55 

2.85 
2.80 


27 


2 














27 


3 














23 


4 














31 


5 


2.65 


46 


2.10 


7.8 






27 


6 


3.75 
3.50 
3.10 
2.85 
2.85 

4.40 
3.60 
3.45 
3.15 
2.90 

2.85 
2.70 
2.70 
2.85 
2.70 

2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.50 
2.45 

2.40 
2.60 
2.60 
2.55 
2.45 
2.55 


195 

155 

99 

67 

67 

300 

171 

148 

106 

73 

67 
51 
51 
67 
51 

41 
41 
41 
31 

27 

23 
41 
41 
36 
27 
36 


36 


7 










67 


8 










67 


9 










99 


10 










113 


11 










106 


12 










67 


13 










36 


14 










51 


15 










36 


16 










27 


17 










41 


18 










235 


19 










106 


20 










141 


21 










106 


22 










61 


23 










41 


24 










51 


25 










36 


26 










67 


27 










61 


28 


























30 














31 








































79.0 
1.40 

1.35 
300 
23 
C 




66.1 


Second-feet per square mile 












1.17 


Run-oS (depth in iuches on drainage 
area) 












1.17 














235 


Minimum 












23 


Accuracy 












C 

















SQTJAW GULCH AT CLAIM "NO. 1 ABOVE." 

This station was established at claim ''No. 1 above/' on Squaw 
Gulch, one-half mile below Baby Creek, IJ miles above the mouth, 
and about 18 miles from Steel Creek post office, on July 3, 1910, and 
was maintained at the same point during three seasons. The ratings 
are fairly well defined for low stages. 



FOETYMILE EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 117 

Discharge measurements of Squaw Gulch at claim "No. 1 above," 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 3 


1910. 


Feet. 
1.79 
1.67 
2.19 

2.67 
1.52 
1.75 


Sec.-ft. 

2.5 

1.5 

11.0 

50.8 
a. 30 
2.97 


June 4 . . 


1912. 


Feet. 

1.29 

.55 

1.29 

1.20 


Sec.-ft. 
24.1 


Aue. 2 


July 5 


1.61 


17 


Aug. 8 


22.9 




1911. 


23.. 




10.4 


June 6 . . 






July 23 




Sept. 1 









a Discharge estimated. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Squaw Gulch at claim "No. 1 

above'' for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 24.4 square miles. Observer, Frank Montgomery.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


-1-5 

to 
'S 

© 


c3 

,d 
o 

ft 


'S 
,d 

<D 
tJO 

C3 
O 


03 

s 


'S 

rd 

o 
O 


6 

tX) 

rd 


4J 
tfi 

'3 

rd 

03 


oj 

s 


4-5 

b£ 
© 

O 


© 
tc 

(3 

;d 

o 

s 


4J 
© 

© 


© 
(a 

-s 

CO 

5 


1910. 
1 






1.62 
1.58 
1.62 
1.58 
1.58 

1.54 
1.54 
2.50 
3.58 
2.67 

2.50 
2.17 
2.08 
2.00 
2.96 

2.50 
2.04 
2.17 
2.25 
2.12 

2.00 
1.83 
2.00 
2.12 
2.21 


1.2 
1.0 
1.2 
1.0 
1.0 

.8 
.8 

27 
143 

43 

27 
10.5 

7.8 
5.9 
75 

27 

6.9 
10.5 
13.4 

8.9 

5.9 
3.1 
5.9 
8.9 
11.8 


2.00 
2.00 
2.12 
2.04 
2.00 

2.17 
2.21 
2.17 

2.33 
2.42 
2.50 
2.75 

3.00 
2.83 
2.50 

'2."56' 


5.9 
5.9 
8.9 
6.9 
5.9 

10.5 
11.8 
10.5 
10.5 

14.8 

16.8 

21 

27 

52 

66 

79 
60 
27 
32 
30 

29 
28 
27 
27 
27 


1910— Con. 
26 


1.71 
1.67 
1.62 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 


1.8 
1.5 
1.2 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 


2.21 
2.17 
2.17 
1.92 
2.04 
2.00 


11.8 

10.5 

10.5 

4.5 

6.9 

5.9 


2.25 
2.17 
2.17 


13.4 


2 






27 


10.5 


3 


1.88 
1.92 

1.88 

2.17 
2.12 
2.00 
1.92 

1.88 

2.00 
2.08 
2.92 
2.75 
2.54 

2.29 
2.12 
2.00 

1.88 
1.83 

1.83 
1.79 
1.79 
1.75 
1.75 


3.8 
4.5 
3.8 

10.5 
8.9 
5.9 
4.5 
3.8 

5.9 
7.8 

70 

52 

31 

15.0 

8.9 
5.9 
3.8 
3.1 

3.1 
2.6 
2.6 
2.2 
2.2 


28 


10.5 


4 


29 




5 


30 








31 






g 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 






7 




9.29 
0.381 

0.41 
70 
1.0 
B 




16.1 
0.660 

0.76 
143 
0.8 
C 






8 


24.1 


9 


Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






10 






0.988 


11 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area) 






12 




13 




14 




15 


1.03 




Maximum.. 




79 


16 


Minimum. . 
Accuracy. . . 




5 9 


17 


c 


18 








19 




20 




21 




22 




23 




24 




25 









118 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAITANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Squaw Gulch at claim "No. 1 

above ' ' for 1910-1912— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






1.67 
1.67 
1.75 
1.75 
1.92 

1.84 
1.84 
1.75 
1.67 
1.67 

1.62 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 
1.67 

1.62 
1.62 
1.58 
1.58 
1.58 

1.58 
1.58 
1.52 
1.52 
1.52 

1.54 
1.64 
1.71 
1.71 
1.62 
1.58 


1.9 
1.9 
3.1 
3.1 

6.7 

4.7 
4.7 
3.1 
1.9 
1.9 

1.2 

.7 

.7 

.7 

1.9 

1.2 
1.2 

.7 
.7 
.7 

.7 
.7 
.5 
.5 
.5 

.6 

.6 

2.5 

2.5 

1.2 

.7 


1.58 
1.54 
1.54 
1.54 
1.52 

1.52 
1.52 
1.50 
1.50 
1.54 

1.62 
1.62 
1.62 
1.75 
1.79 

1.84 
1.84 
1.92 
1.84 
1.79 

1.75 

1.75 
1.71 
1.67 
1.67 

1.67 
1.67 
1.62 
1.62 
1.62 
1.71 


0.7 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.5 

.5 
.5 
.3 
.3 
.6 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
3.1 

3.7 

4.7 
4.7 
6.7 
4.7 
3.7 

3.1 
3.1 

2.5 
1.9 
1.9 

1.9 
1.9 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
2.5 


1.75 
1.75 
1.75 
1.71 
1.71 

1.71 
1.71 


3.1 
3.1 
3.1 
2.5 
2.5 

2.5 
2.5 






2 










3 










4 










5 










6 










7 










8 


3.00 
2.92 

2.84 

2.84 
2.75 
2.58 
2.42 
2.33 

2.25 
2.25 
2.25 
2.17 
2.13 

2.08 
2.08 
2.00 
1.92 
1.92 

1.92 

1.88 
1.88 
1.84 
1.75 


85 
76 
68 

68 
59 
44 
32 
26 

21 

21 

21 

16.5 

14.4 

12.2 

12.2 

9.2 

6.7 

6.7 

6.7 
5.6 
5.6 
4.7 
3.1 






9 










10 










11 






2.50 


38 


12 








13 










14 










15 










16 










17 




















19 - -- 






























22 




















24 




















26 










27 










28 










29 










30 










31 
























Mean discharge. 




27.2 
1.11 

0.95 
85 
3.1 
C 




1.73 

0.071 

0.08 
6.7 
0.5 

B 




2.02 
0.083 

0.10 
6.7 
0.3 

B 




2.76 
0.114 

0.03 
3.1 
2.5 

B 






square mile 








inches on drainage 








Maximum 
















Accuracy 

















FOKTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



119 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Squaw Gulch at claim "No. 1 

above'' for 1910-1912— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






1.10 

1.10 

1.00 

.80 

.60 

.60 
.60 
.60 
.60 
.60 

.65 
.70 
.80 
.80 
.90 

.90 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 

1.30 
1.70 
1.80 
1.70 
1.70 

1.60 
1.60 
1.50 
1.50 
1.60 
1.70 


14 

14 

10.5 
5.5 
2.2 

2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 

3.0 

3.7 
5.5 
5.5 

7.7 

7.7 
10.5 
10.5 
10.5 
10.5 

24 
57 
67 
57 
57 

47 
47 
39 
39 
47 
57 


1.90 
1.80 
1.60 
1.50 
1.70 

1.90 
1.70 
1.30 
1.30 
1.30 

2.25 
2.15 
1.90 
1.75 
1.60 

1.50 
1.40 
1.45 
1.50 
1.40 

1.30 
1.30 
1.20 
1.20 
1.20 

1.35 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.40 
1.30 


79 
67 
47 
39 

57 

79 
57 
24 
24 
24 

120 
108 

79 

62 

47 

39 
31 
35 
39 
31 

14 

14 

10.5 

10.5 

10.5 

16 
24 
24 
24 
18 
14 


1.30 
1.20 
1.30 
1.30 
1.40 

1.40 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.40 

1.40 
1.30 
1.30 
1.20 
1.20 

1.20 
1.40 
3.00 
2.50 
2.40 

2.20 
2.10 
1.80 
1.70 
1.60 

1.50 
1.40 
1.30 
1.20 
1.20 


14 


2 






10.5 


3 






14 


4 


1.30 
1.30 

1.20 
1.20 
1.20 
1.20 
1.10 

1.10 
1.20 
1.30 
1.30 
1.40 

1.50 
1.40 
1.30 
1.30 
1.40 

1.65 
1.75 
1.60 
1.45 
1.30 

1.30 
1.20 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 


24 

24 

18 
18 
18 
18 
14 

14 
18 
24 
24 
31 

39 
31 
24 
24 
31 

52 
62 
47 
35 
24 

24 
18 
14 
14 
14 


14 


5 


18 


6 


18 


7 


24 


8 


24 


9 


24 


10 


18 


11 


18 


12 


14 


13 


14 


14 


10.5 


15 , 


10.5 


16 ... 


10.5 


17 


18 


18 


175 


19 


100 


20 


100 


21 


80 




79 


23 


47 




39 


25 


31 


26 


24 


27 


18 


28 


14 


29 


10.5 


30 


10.5 


31 














Mean discharge 




25.9 
1.06 

1.06 
62 
14 

B 




21.6 
0.885 

1.02 
67 
2.2 
B 




40.9 
1.68 

1.94 
120 
10.5 
C 




33.4 


Second-feet per square mile 




1.37 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




1.53 


Maximum 




175 


Minimum 




10.5 


Accuracy 




C 









MISCELLANEOUS MEASTJREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 
the lower Fortymile River drainage basin in 1910 to 1912: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Loiver Fortymile River drainage basin, 1910-1912. 



Date. 



July 8, 1911 
Aug. 26,1912 
Aug. 27,1912 
July 5, 1912 

Do 

Do 

Aug. 26,1912 
Aug. 28, 1912 

Do 

Do 

Aug. 29, 1912 



Stream. 



Dick Dole Creek. . 

Canyon Creek 

do 

Woods Creek 

Camp Creek 

Hall Creek 

Marion Creek 

Smith Creek 

Moose Creek 

Moose Creek ditch. 
Discovery Creek... 



Tributary to— 



O'Brien Creek.... 
Fortymile River. 

do 

Canyon Creek 

do 

do 

do 

Fortymile River. 
do 



Fortymile River. 



Locality. 



Forks 

Mouth 

do 

Above Camp Creek. 

Mouth 

do , 

do , 

do , 

do 



2 miles below intake. 
Mouth 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
2.75 
49.2 
59.0 
1.01 
2.00 
3.90 
02.5 
7.5 
18.0 
.70 
al.l 



Drain- 
age 
area. 



Sq. mi. 
13.1 
86.5 
86.5 
6.1 
5.4 
12.0 
11.0 
28.4 



3.4 



Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 



Sec.-ft. 
0.21 
.57 
.68 
.17 
.37 
.32 
.26 
.23 



,32 



a Discharge estimated. 



120 STJEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAITA REGION, ALASKA. 

MISSION CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Mission Creek drains a very asymmetric basin between the 
Fortymile and Seven tymile basins and the Yukon. The water of 
the creek comes almost entirely from the northern and eastern slopes 
of Glacier Mountain, flowing northerly to join the main creek at the 
very northern edge of its basin. The main creek flows north to its 
junction with Excelsior Creek, about 8 miles above its mouth, where 
it makes a short bend and flows nearly due east to its confluence with 
the Yukon at Eagle. Wolf Creek joins Mission Creek about 4 miles, 
and American Creek about 1 mile, from the Yukon. 

American Creek, the largest tributary of Mission Creek, rises in the 
high ridges bounding the extreme northern part of Fortymile River 
basin. It flows northeastward and is about 20 miles in length. Dis- 
covery Fork is the main branch of American Creek and joins it about 
8 miles above the mouth. Above Marion Creek, a small feeder from 
the east, American Creek flows through a narrow V-shaped canyon; 
below Marion Creek its valley widens until it merges in the flats 
adjoining Mission Creek. The creek has a sharp grade, especially 
near the head, the average grade in the portion where mining is 
carried on being about 125 feet to the mile. American Creek has 
been an important gold producer. 

MISSION CREEK ABOVE OREGON CREEK. 

This station was located near the head of Mission Creek, just below 
the mouth of Oregon Creek. It was maintained during the summer 
of 1911. One discharge measurement was made and gage-height 
records were kept through the summer. The data are insufficient 
for making a reliable estimate of daily discharge. 

A discharge measurement made on August 2 showed a gage height 
of 2.15 feet and a discharge of 12.2 second-feet. 

Daily gage height^ in feet, of Mission Creeh above Oregon Creek for 1911. 
[Drainage area, 20 square miles. Observer, John Ott.] 



Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1 










16 






2.40 
2.50 




2 






2.10 


2.20 


17 


3.50 
3.10 
3.10 






3 




2.30 
2.30 
2.60 

2.40 
2.30 
2.20 


18 




4 








19 








5 




2.00 
2.00 


2.40 
'""2.' 40 


20 


2.00 

'"'2.' 46' 
'"'2." 26' 

2.40 
2.30 
2.30 






6 




21 


2.80 


2.30 




7 




22 




8 




23 


2.50 


2.20 
2.20 
2.00 




9 




2.00 
2.00 

2.40 


2.50 
2.40 


24 




10 




2.10 


25 


2.40 




11 




26 




12 




2.10 
2.10 
2.10 


27 


2.50 
2.50 
2.40 






13 . . 




2.20 
2.40 


'2.' 30 


28 






14 ... 




29 






15 




30 


2.20 














31 





















MISSION" CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN". 



121 



MISSION CREEK ABOVE COLORADO CREEK. 

A gaging station was maintained on Mission Creek above Colorado 
Creek for about'lj months in 1910. The rating curve is well defined. 
The creek heads in the Glacier Mountains, some points of which exceed 
6,000 feet in elevation. The late-melting snows on these mountains 
furnish Mission Creek with a comparatively dependable water supply. 

Discharge Tneasurements of Mission Creek above Colorado CreeJc, 1910. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


.Time 2.'i 


- 


Feet. 
3.11 
2.78 
2.89 


Sec.-ft. 
108 


July 24 


51 


Aug 29 


65 







Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Mission CreeJc above Colorado 

- Creehfor 1910. 

[Drainage area, 84.8 square miles. Observer, Mr. Powers.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


.1 
S 

03 
O 


bo 
CO 

s 


O 


o 
m 

s 


-1^ 


o 
m 


03 
O 


6 

03 

S 


.d 
© 
bo 

03 

O 


03 

s 


■4J 

03 
O 


rd 

o 

ft 


1 






3.58 
3.04 
2.92 
2.92 
3.62 

2.92 
2.83 
2.75 
2.75 
2.67 

2.67 
3.04 
3.00 
2.83 
2.67 

2.75 
2.75 
2.67 
2.67 
2.67 


239 
93 
70 
70 

251 

70 
56 

48 
48 
42 

42 
93 

84 
56 
42 

48 
48 
42 
42 
42 


2.92 
2.83 
2.75 
2.67 
2.67 

2.62 


70 
56 
48 
42 
42 

38 


21 






2.75 
2.88 
2.83 
2.75 
2.67 

2.67 
2.67 
2.62 
2.62 
2.58 
3.00 


48 
62 
56 
48 
42 

42 
42 
38 
38 
35 
84 






2 






22 










3 






23 










4 






24 










5 






25 


3.12 

3.08 
3.08 
3.17 
3.25 
3.17 


111 

102 
102 
124 
144 
124 






6 






26 






7 






27 






8 










28 






9 










29 






10 










30 
















31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 










12 












118 
1.39 

0.31 
144 
102 
A 




66.5 
0.784 

0.90 
251 
35 
B 






13 










49.3 


14 










Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 






















0.581 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 






17 












18 












19 












20 










0.13 












Maximum.. 




70 




MinimnTTi- , 




38 




Accuracy. . . 




A 











WOLF CREEK ABOVE SWANSON S DAM. 

This station was established on Wolf Creek just above Swanson's 
dam, about 4 miles from the mouth of the creek, on June 30, 1910, 
and gage readings were obtained for about a month. The rating is 
well defined. 



122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOIT-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Wolf Creek above Swanson's dam, 1911. 



Date. 



Gage 
height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



1911. 

June 30 

Aug. 1 

Sept. 12 



Feet. 
2.33 
2.20 
2.80 



Sec.-ft. 
8.20 
5.37 
22.2 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf Creek above Swanson^i 

dam for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 19.5 square miles. Observers, Swanson and CoflBn.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






2.30 
2.20 
2.30 
2.30 
2.20 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.10 

2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.10 

2.10 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

2.15 
2.35 
2.25 
2.15 
2.50 

3.35 
2.90 
2.70 
2.45 
2.30 
2.30 


7.5 
5.0 
7.5 
7.5 
5.0 

5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
3.5 

3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 

3.5 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 

4.3 
8.8 
6.2 
4.2 
13.0 

45 

26 

19.0 

11.5 
7.5 
7.5 


2.20 
2.20 
2.10 


5.0 
5.0 
3.5 






2 










3 






' 




4 










5 














6 














7 














8 














9 














10 














11 














12 










2.80 


22 


13 












14 














15 














16 














17 














18 














19 














20 














21 














22 














23 














24 














25 














26 














27 














28 














29 














30 


2.30 


7.5 










31 
























Mean discharge 








7.68 
0.394 

0.45 
45 
2.0 
B 




4.50 
0.231 

0.03 
5.0 
3.5 

B 


















Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 












Maximum 
























Accuracy 

























AMERICAN CREEK AT CLAIM '^NO. 8 ABOVE." 

This station was established on American Creek at claim ''No. 8 
above," about 1| miles above the mouth of Discovery Fork and 11 
miles from Eagle, on June 26, 1910. In 1910 and 1911 the records 
of gage heights were somewhat broken, necessitating estimates of 
many daily discharges. In 1912 the record was continuous, but 
channel shifts decreased the accuracy of the results. 



MISSION CHEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 123 

Discharge measurements of American Creeh at claim "No. 8 above,^' 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


TiiTie 2fi , . 


1910. 


Feet. 
2.67 
2.46 
2.58 
2.79 
3.04 


Sec.-ft. 

13.4 

5.6 

7.9 

19.6 

40.0 


June 15 . . 


1911. 


Feet. 
3.37 
2.67 
2.61 

2.92 
2.54 
2.42 


Sec.-ft. 
61.6 


July 29 


July 4 


6.59 


Aug. 27 


Aug. 3 - 


4.80 


Sept. 10 


June 18-. 


1912. 




15 








19.1 




July 30 


15.6 




Sept. 3 


12.4 









Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of American Creek at claim "No. 

8 above" for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 24.1 square miles. Observer, August Fritch.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge, 


1910. 
1 






2.79 
2.67 
2.67 
2.62 
3.92 

3.00 
2.75 
2.67 
2.62 
2.58 

2.71 
2.75 
2.62 
2.58 


19.4 
12.6 
12.6 
10.4 
145 

36 

17.0 

12.6 

10.4 

8.9 

14.6 

17.0 

10.4 

8.9 

7.7 

7.7 
7.7 
7.7 
8.9 
7.7 

7.7 
7.7 
7.7 
7.7 
7.7 

7.2 
6.7 
6.2 
5.7 
5.7 
8.3 


""2.' 94" 
3.00 
3.44 

3.33 
3.17 
2.75 
2.67 
2.58 

""'2.' 58" 
""2.' 42" 
""2." 38' 


8.0 
7.7 
7.4 
7.1 
6.8 

6.5 
6.2 

31 

36 

84 

71 
54 
17.0 
12.6 

8.9 

8.9 
8.9 
8.9 
8.9 
8.9 

8.9 
8.9 
8.9 
8.9 
8.9 

8.9 
8.9 
6.9 
4.9 
4.5 
4.2 


2.54 
3.00 

"'2.'7i' 
2.67 

'"'2.' 58' 

"*2.'79" 

2.71 
2.58 

""2.'7i' 
3.06 

3.08 
3.08 

""2.' 75" 
2.75 


7.7 


2 






36 


3 






25 


4 






14.6 


5 






12.6 


6 






11.4 


7 






10.1 


8 






8.9 


9 






13.0 


10 






19.4 


11 






14.6 


12 






8.9 


13 






11.6 


14 






14.6 


15 






42 


16 








44 


17 








44 


18 








30 


19 








17.0 


20 








17.0 


21 








17.0 


22 










23 












24 












25 






2.54 

""'2." 46' 
2.46 
2.56 






26 


2.67 
2.67 
2.67 
2.62 
3.17 


12.6 
12.6 
12.6 
10.4 
54 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




20.4 
0.846 

0.16 
54 
10.4 
B 


:;:::::; 


14.9 
0.618 

0.71 
145 
5.7 

C 




15.9 
0.660 

0.76 

84 
4.2 
C 




20.0 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.830 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.65 


Maximum 




44 


Minimum 




7.7 


Accuracy 




B 









124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of American CreeJc at claim " No. 

8 above'' for 1910-1912— Goji\imi.Q6.. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 








11.5 

10.8 

8.5 

6.5 

12.0 

21 

16.1 

13.0 

13.0 

10.8 

10.8 
8.6 
8.0 
7.0 
6.5 

5.0 
4.0 
3.0 
2.6 
2.6 

4.0 
4.0 

10.0 

20 

33 

49 
27 
21 

16.0 

10.0 

8.6 


2.67 

'"'2.' 58' 

2.75 
"'"2.' 75' 
""'2.' 75' 

'""3." 43" 
3.08 

'""2." 84" 
........ 

2.67 


6.5 
5.5 
5.0 
4.5 
4.0 

3.5 
3.0 
3.0 
2.6 
6.0 

10.8 
10.8 
10.8 
10.8 
10.8 

10.5 

68 

33 

25 

16.1 

10.0 
8.0 
7.0 
7.0 
7.0 

6.5 






2 






2.75 


2.88 


18.7 


3 








4 






2.67 






5 










6 






2.92 
2.84 
2.79 
2.79 
2.75 

2.75 
2.71 






7 






2.75 


10.8 


8 








9 






! 


10 










11 










12 










13 : 










14 












15 


3.37 

3.33 
3.33 


62 

57 
57 
49 
41 
86 

32 
27 
25 
23 
21 

18.7 

16.1 

21 

18.7 

16.0 


2.67 

'"2." 58" 
2.58 

'"2." 96' 
3.08 

3.25 
3.00 
2.92 

■"2."*7i' 






16 ^ . 






17 , 






18 


:. :: 


19 


3.17 






20 






21 








22 


3.00 






23 






24 








25 


2.92 

2.88 
2.84 
2.92 
2.88 






26 . . 






27 . . 






28 . . .... 










29 










30 










31 


























Mean discharge 




32.5 
1.35 

0.80 
62 
16.0 
B 




12.4 
0.515 

0.59 
49 
2.6 
B 




11.4 
0.473 

0.46 
68 
2.6 
B 






Second-feet per square mile 








E,un-ofE (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 








Maximum 








Minimnm . . . 








Accuracy 

















MISSION CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



125 



Dailp gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of American Creek at claim ^'No. 

8 above'' for 1910-1912— Contimxedi. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
hei^t. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






2.65 
2.60 
.2.60 
2.55 
2.55 

2.50 
2.45 
2.40 
2.40 
2.35 

2.50 
3.00 
2.95 
2.80 
2.65 

2.60 
2.55 
2.50 
2.50 
2.45 

3.00 
3.15 
2.80 
2.65 
2.60 

2.60 
2.60 
2.55 
2.55 
2.60 
2.60 


5.9 
4.4 
4.4 
3.4 
3.4 

2.4 
2.0 
1.6 
1.6 
1.3 

2.4 
26 
22 
12 

5.9 

4.4 
3.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.0 

26 
39 
37 
24 
20 

20 
20 
16 
16 
20 
20 


2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.55 
2.60 

2.60 
3.40 
2.90 
2.75 
2.75 

3.30 
3.10 
2.90 
2.85 
2.75 

2.70 
2.60 
2.60 
2.70 
2.60 

2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.55 
2.55 

2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.45 
2.45 


20 
20 
20 
16 
20 

20 
108 
53 
38 
38 

103 

77 
53 
48 
38 

34 
25 
25 
34 
25 

25 
25 
25 
21 
21 

17 
17 
17 
17 
14 
14 


2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.45 
2.45 

2.50 

""2.' 55' 
2.60 

2.55 
2.55 
2.50 
2.50 
2.50 

2.50 
2.60 
2.65 
2.60 
2.60 

2.60 
2.60 
2.55 
2.55 
2.50 

2.50 
2.45 
2.45 
2.45 
2.40 


11 
11 
11 
14 
14 

17 
19 
19 
21 
25 

21 
21 
17 
17 
17 

17 
25 
29 
25 
25 

25 
25 
21 
21 
17 

17 
14 
14 
14 
11 


2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.35 
2.35 
2.35 

2.35 
2.35 




2 








3 








4 ;.. 








5 








6 








7 








8 








9 








10 








11 








12 








13 


2.90 
2.90 
3.10 

3.00 
2.95 
2.90 
2.85 
2.85 

2.95 
3.00 
2.95 
2.90 
2.90 

2.90 

2.8 

2.80 

2.75 

2.70 


18 
18 
34 

26 
22 
18 
15 
15 

22 
26 
22 
18 
18 

18 
15 
12 
9.7 

7.4 


9 


14 


9 


15 


9 


16 


9 


17 


9 


18 










20 












22 












24 


















27 






28 












30 






























18.6 
0.772 

0.52 
34 
7.4 
B 




12.0 
0.498 

0.57 
39 
1.3 
C 




33.2 
1.38 

1.59 
108 
14 
C 




18.5 
0.767 

0.86 
29 
11 

C 




10.4 


Second-feet per 




0.432 


E,un-ofi (depth in 
area) 




0.27 


Maximum 




11 






9 


Accuracy 




B 









AMERICAN CREEK AT UNITED STATES PUMPING PLANT. 

On June 14, 1910, a gage was installed on American Creek at the 
United States pumping plant, about a mile from Eagle. Records 
were kept through the summer of 1910 and for a portion of the sum- 
mer of 1911. In 1912 it was possible to obtain but a few scattered 
readings. 

Discharge measurements of American Creek at United States pumping plant, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
Jtme 14 


Feet. 
2.22 
2.13 
2.01 
1.91 
2.00 
2.19 
2.70 
2.58 
2.46 


Sec.-ft. 

41 

33 

25 

15.8 

19.4 
142 

64 
125 

88 


June 13 . . 


1911. 


Feet. 
2.40 
1.22 
2.55 
2.41 

1.95 
1.60 


Scc.-ft. 
185 


24 


29 


21.1 


July 26 


Sept. 12 


233 


28 


13 


183 


Aug. 28 


May 20 . 


1912. 




Sept. 9 




15 


87.7 


16 


Aug. 1 


32.4 


19 











126 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YTJKOlSr-TANAKA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of American Creeh at United States 

pumping plant for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 67.3 square miles. Observers: J. B. Tait, 1910; Joseph Shotshok, 1911.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






2.02 
2.22 


24 
45 
34 
24 
75 

45 
24 
22 
22 
15.0 

15.0 

30 

42 

42 

42 

32 
22 
42 
42 
22 

22 
22 
42 
30 
22 

30 

15.0 

15.0 

15.0 

15.0 

15.0 


2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
1.90 
1.80 

1.85 
1.85 
2.10 
3.40 
2.45 

2.40 
2.30 
2.25 
2.25 
2.05 

2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.05 
2.20 

2.12 
2.15 
2.15 
2.05 
2.05 

2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.05 
2.00 
2.00 


22 

22 

22 

15.0 

11.2 

13.1 
13.1 
30 
541 

87 

75 
57 
50 
50 
26 

30 
30 
30 

26 

42 

32 
36 
36 
26 
26 

30 
30 
30 
26 
22 
22 


2.00 
2.30 
2.65 
2.45 
2.30 

2.30 
2.25 
2.20 
2.20 
2.25 

2.25 
2.20 
2.20 
2.25 
2.70 

2.55 
2.50 
2.58 
2.45 
2.25 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 

2.20 
2.20 
2.10 
2.10 
2.15 


22 

57 

146 

87 
57 

57 
50 
42 
42 
50 

50 
42 
42 
50 
165 

114 

99 
122 

87 
50 

42 
42 
42 
42 

42 

42 
42 
30 
30 
36 


2.15 
•2.15 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.10 
2.00 

2.00 
2.00 
2.00 


36 


2 






36 


3 






22 


4 






2.02 
2.40 

2.22 
2.02 
2.00 
2.00 
1.90 

1.90 
2.10 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 

*'"2.'6o' 

2.20 
2.20 
2.00 

2.00 
2.00 
2.20 
2.10 
2.00 

2.10 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 


22 


5 






22 


6 






22 


7 






22 


8 






22 


9 






30 


10 






22 


11 






22 


12 






22 


13 






22 


14 


2.22 
2.20 

2.25 
3.80 
2.80 
2.50 
2.40 

2.30 
2.20 
2.20 
2.13 
2.10 

2.03 
2.02 
2.00 


45 

42 

50 

779 

208 

99 

75 

57 
42 
42 
34 
30 

24 
24 
22 
26 
30 




15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 


2.10 






31 




















Mean discharge . 




95.8 
1.42 

0.90 
779 
22 
C 




29.2 
0.434 

0.50 
75 
15.0 
B 




48.7 
0.724 

0.83 
541 
11.2 
B 




60.7 
0.902 

1.01 
165 
22 
B 




24.8 


square mUe 




0.368 


inches on drainage 




0.18 


Maximum 




36 


Minimum 




22 


Accuracy 




B 









MISSION CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



127 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of American Creeh at United States 
pumping plant for 1910-1912 — Continued, 





Jime. 


July. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






1.40 
1.10 
1.30 
1.20 
1.40 

1.50 
1.50 
1.20 
1.30 
1.10 

1.20 
1.00 
1.20 
1.30 
1.00 

1.00 
1.00 
1.20 
1.00 
1.20 


30 
20 
26 
23 
30 

38 
38 
23 
26 
20 

23 
18 
23 
26 
18 

18 
18 
23 
18 
23 


1911— Con. 
21 


1.60 
1.50 
1.50 
1.40 
1.40 

1.20 
1.30 
1.30 
1.40 
1.30 


46 
38 
38 
30 
30 

23 
26 
26 
30 
26 


1.00 
1.40 
1.30 
1.20 
1.50 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.60 
1.30 
1.10 


18 


2 






22 


30 


3 






23 


26 


4 






24 


23 


5 






25 


38 


6 






26 


70 


7 






27 


70 


g 






28 


70 


g 






29 


46 


10 






30 


26 








31 


20 


11 


Mean dis- 
charge 








12 








73.9 
1.10 

0.74 
185 
23 
B 






13 


2.40 
2.30 
2.20 

2.20 
2.10 
2.10 
2.00 
1.70 


185 
160 
138 

138 
119 
119 
100 

57 


29.6 


14 


Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 


0.440 


16 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 






17 


0.51 




Maximum 




70 


19 


Minimum 




18 




A ccuracy 




B 













May. 


June. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 










1.60 


32 






2 














3 


















4 


















5 














1.55 


28 


6 
















7 


















8 


















9 


















10 


















11 


















12 . . 


















13 


















14 


















15 


















16 


















17 


















18 


















19 






1.55 


28 










20 


1.95 


88 










21 














22 


1.95 


88 














23 














24 


















25 


















26 


















27 


















28 . . 


















29 


















30 


















31 


1.90 


79 





























DISCOVERY FORK OF AMERICAN CREEK BELOW STAR GULCH. 

This station was located about one-half mile above the junction of 
Discovery Fork with American Creek, one-fourth mile below Star 
Gulch, and about 10 miles from Eagle. It was established June 27, 
1910, and has been maintained for three seasons, a different gage 



128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN-AITA REGION, ALASKA. 



location being used each season. In 1910 gage heights are lacking 
for a number of periods, and the discharges have been estimated. 
In 1911 the records are unbroken, and the rating is well defined. 
In 1912 the station showed a slight tendency to shift; the rating 
curve for that season is not very well defined. 

Discharge measurements of Discovery Fork of American Creek helow Star Gulch, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 27 . . 


1910. 


Feet. 
2.00 
1.88 
2.03 
2.17 
2.17 
2.42 
2.42 

3.21 

2.67 


Sec.-ft. 
1.9 
1.0 
4.0 
8.4 
8.2 
24.0 
23.0 

17.2 
3.19 


1911- 
July 5.. 


-Continued. 


Feet. 
2.96 
3.11 
2.83 
3.17 

4.04 
3.79 
3.69 
3.72 


Sec.-ft. 
4 52 


July 29 


28 


6 81 


Aug. 26 


Aug. 2 


4 07 


Sept. 10 


Sept. 14 


7.54 


14 


May 22.. 


1912. 




15 




16 


10 8 




1911. 


June 18 


3.68 




July 30 


3.93 


Jxine 15 . . 


Sept. 3 


3.42 


July 4 











Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Discovery Fork of American 

Creek helow Star Gulch for 1910-1912. 

(Drainage area, 14.8 square miles. Observer, M. Danielson.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






2.00 
1.92 
1.90 
1.90 
1.90 

1.90 

1.85 
1.85 
1.85 
1.83 

2.00 
3.00 
2.42 
2.21 
2.00 

2.00 
1.92 
1.92 
2.00 
1.92 

1.92 
1.92 
1.92 
1.92 
1.92 

1.92 
1.92 
1.83 
1.84 


2.7 
1.5 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
.9 
.9 
.9 

.8 

2.7 
73 
24 
10.2 

2.7 

2.7 
1.5 
1.5 
2.7 
1.5 

1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 

1.5 
1.5 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 


"'2."29' 
2.67 
2.25 

'"2." 04' 
2.02 

2.04 
2.04 
2.06 

2.04 
2.02 
2.02 


1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
6.0 

10.0 
14.6 
44 

12.4 
10. 

8.0 
6.0 
4.0 
3.8 
•3.2 

3.8 
3.8 
4.3 
4.2 
4.2 

4.1 
4.1 
4.0 
4.0 
3.9 

3.8 
3.2 
3.2 
3.0 
3.0 
2.8 


2.00 

2.58 
2.42 
2.25 
2.25 

'"'2."2i" 
2.17 

2.17 
2.12 

2.29 
2.38 
2.25 

""2.'2i' 

"'2.'i2" 
2.12 

2.14 


2.7 


2 






36 


3 






24 


4 






12.4 


5 






12.4 


6 






10.4 


7 






8.4 


8 






6.3 


9 






10,2 


10 






8.4 


11 






8.4 


12 






6.3 


13 






8.0 


14 






12.4 


15 






12.4 


16 






14.6 


17 






21 


18 






12.4 


19 






11.2 


20 






10.2 


21 






9.0 


22 






7.5 


23 






6.3 


24 






6.3 


25 






6.7 


26 






7.1 


27. 


2.00 
2.21 
2.62 
2.21 


2.7 
10.2 
40 
10.2 




28 






29 






30 






31 


















Mean discharge 




15.8 
1.07 

0.16 
40 
10.2 
C 




4.80 
0.324 

0.37 
73 
0.8 
C 




6.08 
0.411 

0.47 

44 

1.0 

c 




11.2 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.757 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.73 


Maximum 




36 


Minimum 




2.7 


Accuracy 




c 









MISSION CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



129 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Discovery Fork of American 
Creek below Star Gulch for 19 10-19 P2 — Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






2.79 
2.79 
2.77 
2.75 
2.94 

2.84 
2.79 
2.79 

2.77 
2.75 

2.79 
2.77 
2.75 

2.77 
2.75 

2.75 
2.75 
2.75 
2,75 
2,75 

2,79 
2.92 
2,84 
3,07 
3,28 

3.50 
3.33 
3,17 
3.00 
2,94 
2,88 


3,9 
3,9 
3.8 
3.7 
5.2 

4.3 
3.9 
3.9 
3,8 
3,7 

3,9 
3.8 
3.7 
3.8 
3.7 

3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3,7 

3,9 
5.0 
4.3 
6.5 
9.3 

13.0 
10.1 

7.7 
5.8 
5.2 
4.6 


2.84 
2.84 
2,84 
2,84 
2.84 

2.84 
2,84 
2,79 
2,77 
2,81 

3,00 
2,94 
2,94 
2.94 
3.02 

3.02 
3.21 
3.14 
3.06 
3.00 

2,96 
2,94 
2.94 
2.92 
2.90 

2.90 
2.96 
2.96 
2.96 
2.92 
3.17 


7.2 
7.2 
7.2 

7.2 

7.2 

7.2 
7.2 
3.9 
3.8 
4.1 

5.8 
5.2 
5.2 
5.2 
6.0 

6.0 
8,3 
7.3 
6.4 
5.8 

5.4 
5.2 
5.2 
5.0 
4.8 

4.8 
5.4 
5.4 
5.4 
5.0 
7.7 


3.08 
3.00 
2.96 
2.92 
2.92 

2.92 
2.92 
2,92 
2.92 
2.92 

3.12 
3.46 
3.29 
3.21 
3.12 

3.04 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
2.92 

2,92 
2,92 
2,92 
2.96 
2.96 

2.96 
2.96 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 


6.6 
5.8 
5.4 
5.0 
5.0 

5,0 
5,0 
5,0 
5,0 
5,0 

7.1 

12.0 

9.5 

8.3 
7.0 

6.2 
5.8 
5,8 
5,8 
5.0 

5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.4 
5.4 

5.4 
5.4 
5.8 
5.8 
5.8 


3,00 
2.84 
2,88 
2.84 
2.84 

2.84 
2.79 
2.79 
2.79 
2.79 

2,84 
2.84 
2,88 
2,92 
2.92 

2,88 
2.88 
2.84 
2.84 
2,84 

2,79 
2.75 


5.8 


2 






4.3 


3 






4.6 


4 






4.3 


5 






4.3 


6 






4.3 


7 






3.9 


8 






3.9 


9 






3.9 


10 






3.9 


11 






4.3 


12 






4.3 


13 






4.6 


14 


3.25 
3.23 

3.17 
3.12 
3.12 
3.00 
3.00 

2,96 
2,92 
2,96 
2,92 
2.90 

2.98 
2,84 
2.92 
2.88 
2.84 


18,0 
17,1 

14,8 

13,1 

13,1 

9.8 

9.8 

8.8 
7,7 
5.4 
5,0 
4,8 

5,6 
4,3 
5.0 
4.6 
4.3 


5.0 


15 


5.0 


16 


4.6 


17 


4.6 




4.3 


19 


4.3 




4.3 




3.9 


22 


3.7 






24 












26 






27 












29 












31 


















Mean discharge. 




8.89 
0,601 

0,38 
18,0 
4.3 
C 




4.93 
0.333 

0.38 
13.0 
3.7 
B 




5.89 
0.398 

0.46 
8.3 
3.8 

B 




5.98 
0.404 

0.45 
12.0 
5.0 
B 




4.37 


Second -feet per 
square mile 




0.295 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.24 


Maximum 




5.8 


Minimum 




3.7 


Accuracy 




B 









42913° — wsp 342 — 15- 



130 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Discovery Fork of American 
Creek below Star Gulch for 1910-1912 — Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






3.90 
3.95 
4.00 
3.95 
3.85 

3.80 
3.75 
4.10 
4.00 
3.90 

3.90 
3.90 
3.85 
3.80 
3.75 

4.15 
3.85 
3.80 
3.75 
3.75 

3.70 
3.70 
3.70 
3.65 
3.95 

3.80 
3.65 
3.60 
3.60 
3.60 


6.6 
8.0 
9.4 
8.0 
5.6 

4.6 
3.9 
13 
9.4 
6.6 

6.6 
6.6 
5.6 
4.6 
3.9 

15 
5.6 
4.6 
3.9 
3.9 

3.2 
3.2 
3.2 

2.7 
8.0 

4.6 
2.7 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 


3.60 
3.60 
3.60 
3.55 
3.55 

3.55 
3.55 
3.55 
3.50 
3.55 

3.60 
3.60 
3.65 
3.65 
3.65 

3.60 
3.60 
3.60 
3.60 
3.65 

4.10 
4.15 
3.85 
3.80 
3.80 

3.80 
3.85 
3.80 
3.70 
3.65 
3.75 


2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
1.8 
1.8 

1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.4 
1.8 

2.2 
2.2 
2.7 

2.7 
2.7 

2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.7 

13 

15 
5.6 
4.6 
4.6 

4.6 
5.6 
4.6 
3.2 
2.7 
3.9 


3.75 
3.75 
3.75 
3.75 
3.75 

3.85 
4.00 
3.90 
3.85 
3.90 

4.35 
4.25 
4.00 
4.00 
3.90 

3.90 
3.85 
3.85 
3.90 
3.90 

3.90 
3.85 
3.90 
3.90 
3.85 

3.80 
3.75 
3.75 
3.75 
3.75 
3.75 


3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 

5.6 
9.4 
6.6 
5.6 
6.6 

26 

20 
9.4 
9.4 
6.6 

6.6 
5.6 
5.6 
6.6 
6.6 

6.6 
5.6 
6.6 
6.6 
5.6 

4.6 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 


3.75 
3.75 
3.75 
3.85 
3.80 

3.75 
3.75 


3.9 


2 






3.9 


3 ' 




3.9 


4 i 




5.6 


5 




4.6 


6 • 




3.9 


7 




3.9 


8 . .. 






9 ... 








10 








11 








12 L 








13 1 








14 








15 








1 

16 ! 








17 




1 


18 












20 








21 










4.05 
3.95 
3.90 
3.90 

3.90 
3.90 
3.90 
4.45 
4.10 
4.00 


11 

8.0 
6.6 
6.6 

6.6 
6.6 
6.6 

32 

13 
9.4 


1 


23 










25 




26 .... 






27 .... 






28 












30 
























10.6 
0.716 

0.27 
32 
6.6 
C 




5.7 
0.385 

0.43 
15 
2.2 
C 




3.6 
0.243 

0.28 
15 
1.4 
C 




6.8 
0.460 

0.53 
26 
3.9 
C 




4.2 


Second-feet per 




0.284 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.07 


Maximum 




5.6 


Minimum 




3.9 


Accuracy 




C 









SEVENTYMILE EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



131 



MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 
the Mission Creek drainage basin in 1910-1912: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Mission Creek drainage basin, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to— 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 

square 

mile. 


June 27,1911 
June 21,1912 


Mission Creek 

. .do 


Yukon River 

do 


Above Excelsior Creek 
do 


Sec.-ft. 
89.8 
89.8 
68.9 
66.2 

100 

225 

107 
33 
23 
43 

20.0 

16.2 

17.2 

12.0 

20 

7.50 

- 10.8 

9.7 


Sq. mi. 
93.1 
93.1 
93.1 

124 

124 

168 

168 
31.1 
31.1 
31.1 
31.1 
31.1 
31.1 
28.4 
28.4 
28.4 
28.4 
28.4 


Sec.-ft. 
0.96 
.96 


Sept. 4,1912 
July 2, 1911 
Aug. 13,1911 
June 13,1910 


..do 


... .do 


do 


.74 


do 

.do 


do 

. .do 


Below Excelsior Creek. 
do 


.53 
.81 


.do 


...do 


Above American Creek 
.. .do 


1.34 


July 31,1911 
June 23 1910 


.do 


.do 


.64 


Excelsior Creek 

.do.... 


Mission Creek 

.do 


At mouth. 


1.06 


Aug. 29,1910 
Sept. 8,1910 
June 27,1911 


.. ..do 


.74 


....do 


do 


do 


1.38 


...do 


.....do 


do 


.64 


June 21,1912 


..do 


do 


do 


.52 


Sept. 4,1912 
Aug. 29,1910 
Sept. 8,1910 
June 27,1911 
Jiine 21,1912 


.do 


do 


do 


.55 


Wolf Creek 


do 


do 


.42 


.do 


do 


do 


.70 


do 

.do..' 


do 

do 


do 

do 


.26 
.38 


Sept. 4,1912 


do 


do 


do 


.34 









SEVENTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



DESCRIPTION. 

Seventymile River drains an area of about 700 square miles, prac- 
tically three-fourths of which lies on the south side of the stream. 
The headwaters of the main river are in the high rugged divide sepa- 
rating the basins of Seventymile and Charley rivers. Seventymile 
River drains the eastern slope of this divide and flows eastward for 
about 60 miles to a point 4 miles from its mouth, where it makes a 
right-angle turn and flows northward, joining the Yukon about 20 
miles below Eagle. 

The principal southern tributaries of Seventymile River, beginning 
at its headwaters, are Diamond Fork, Flume, Alder, Deep, Nugget, 
Granite, Green, Sonickson, Mogul, and Bryant creeks. Of these 
streams Granite and Mogul creeks furnish a steady supply of water 
to the main river. Both creeks have a heavy fall, but no workable 
placers have yet been found on them. The heavy timber on Mogul 
Creek has suppHed some large saw logs to the district. The tribu- 
taries of the Seventymile from the north are small short streams, 
usually falling to a minimum as soon as the snow leaves the ridges. 
They are Barney, Washington, Broken Neck, Crooked, and Fox 
creeks — all containing workable placers of low grade. 



132 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

' Extensive bench formations occur throughout the Seventymile 
Valley. Above the falls, which are about one-half mile below Wash- 
ington Creek, the river flows through a rather broad gravelly flood 
plain, but below the falls it is more closely confined, and along a con- 
siderable part of its course has cut a rock canyon 20 to 30 feet deep. 
The river has a high grade in its upper portion, and at the falls there 
is a rapids and a low falls (see PL IX, B), where the river drops 
about 15 feet in 300 feet of its course. For a discussion of power on 
the Seventymile see page 329. 

SEVENTYMILE RIVER ABOVE FLUME CREEK. 

This station was established on Seventymile River about 100 yards 
above Flume Creek on June 19, 1910, and continuous records were 
obtained throughout the season. In 1912 a few scattering records were 
obtained. Above Flume Creek the river has a very steep grade, and 
it is believed there are good possibilities for developing power during 
the summer if the demand should warrant it. During the winter 
glaciers form in great masses in the upper portion of the river, filling 
the valley at times for miles with ice from 5 to 15 feet thick, which 
remains until late in the season. 

Discharge measurements of Seventymile River above Flume Creek, 1910 and 1912. 



Date. 



1910, 

June 19 

July 20 

21 

Sept. 4 

5 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


2.16 


276 


1.70 


111 


1.60 


92 


2.20 


331 


2.23 


314 



Date. 



June 25. 
Sept. 8. 



1912. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.28 

.78 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
156 
116 



SEVENTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



133 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Seventymile River above Flume 

Creek for 1910 and 1912. 

[Drainage area, 129 square miles. Observers: E. A. Robertson, 1910; E. D. Madison, 1912.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.68 
1.80 
1.65 
1.64 
2.16 

1.75 
1.62 
1.48 
1.35 
1.68 

2.60 
2.75 
2.35 
1.95 
1.80 

1.72 
1.64 
1.80 
2.00 
1.70 

1.60 
1.78 
1.66 
1.75 
1.65 

1.64 
1.50 
1.48 
1.50 
1.50 
2.55 


108 
137 
102 
100 

278 

124 
96 
74 
60 

108 

555 
674 
383 
186 
137 

117 
100 
137 
205 
112 

92 
122 
104 
124 
102 

100 
76 
74 
76 
76 

518 


2.55 
2.15 
1.85 
1.75 
1.68 

1.58 
4.65 
3.60 
2.50 
2.45 

2.18 
2.00 
1.90 
1.95 
1.85 

1.90 
1.90 
2.10 
2.15 
1.95 

1.80 
1.70 
1.65 
1.63 
1.60 

1.68 
1.70 
1.75 
1.66 
1.67 
1.60 


518 
272 
152 
124 
108 

89 

2,280 

1,390 

481 

446 

288 
205 
168 
186 
152 

168 
168 
247 
272 
186 

137 

112 

102 

98 

92 

108 
112 
124 
104 
106 
92 


1.68 
2.40 
2.25 
2.20 
2.23 

2.12 
2.10 
1.95 
1.93 
2.00 

1.93 
1.83 
1.83 
2.08 
2.53 

2.38 
2.25 
2.10 
1.95 
1.80 

"'i."75' 
1.74 
1.65 

1.60 
1.55 
1.45 
1.54 
1.45 


108 
412 
325 
298 
314 

257 
247 
186 
179 
205 

179 
146 
146 
239 
503 

402 
325 
247 
186 
137 

132 
128 
124 
122 
102 

92 

84 
70 
82 
70 


1.45 
1.43 


70 


2 






68 


3 








4 








*■ 


5 










6 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 .. 










12 . 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 


2.16 
2.28 

2.14 
2.10 
2.18 
1.94 
1.94 

1.88 
1.74 
1.87 
1.86 
1.70 


278 
341 

267 
247 
288 
183 
183 

162 
122 
159 
156 
112 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
























208 
1.61 

0.72 
341 
112 

B 


_ 


170 
1.32 

1.52 
674 
60 
B 




293 
2.27 

2.62 
2,280 
89 
B 




202 
1.57 

1.75 
503 
70 
B 






Second-feet per 
square mile 








Rim-oS (depth in 
area) 








Maximum 








MiniTniiTTi 








Accuracy 

















134 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Seventymile River above Flume 

Creek for 1910 and 1912 — Continued. 





Jiiae. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 


















2 


















3 


















4 


















5 


















6 


















7 


















8 














0.80 


116 


9 
















10 


















11 


















12 


















13 


















14 


















15 


















16 


















17 


















18 










1.70 


188 






19 














20 


















21 


















22 


















23 


















24 


















25 


1.30 


156 














26 














27 


















28 






1.85 


201 










29 














30 










1.00 


132 





















SEVENTYMILE RIVER AT THE FALLS. 

A gaging station was established on Seventymile River, about one- 
fourth mile above the falls and about 25 miles above its confluence 
with the Yukon, on June 16, 1910. It was maintained at the same 
point through 1910, 1911, and 1912. All measurements were obtained 
by wading. Unfortunately it was impossible to obtain gage-height 
observations during the highest water of the three years, August 1 
to 19, 1912. On August 7 the water was reported to be over the top 
of the gage, which was graduated to 10 feet, and the marks on the 
banks indicated that the highest stage was between 10 and 11 feet. 
The discharge for the period of missing gage heights were estimated 
by comparison of the Seventymile record with the combined records 
of Flume, Alder, Washington, and Crooked creeks. It is thought that 
considerable reliance may be placed on these estimated discharges. 

The large run-off of the Seventymile as compared with that of 
many other streams in the Yukon-Tanana region is notable. The 
Seventymile heads in high rugged mountains, which spill quickly and 
in which the precipitation is probably somewhat higher than that of 
lower-lying areas. The maximum discharge during the time of the 
records occurred August 7, 1912, and is estimated as above 9,110 



SEVENTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



135 



second-ff^-et. It is reported from fairly reliable sources that at one 
time some years ago the river reached a stage about 2 feet higher 
than in 1912, indicating a discharge of approximately 12,000 second- 
feet. The minimum summer discharge occurred August 7 and 8, 
1911, when it fell to 110 second-feet. 





Discharge 


measurements 


of Seventy mile River at the falls, 1910-1912. 




Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 16.. 


1010. 




Feet. 
4.07 
4.15 
3.35 
3.30 
3.70 
4.57 

3.70 
3.20 


Sec.-ft. 
690 
710 
336 
288 
481 
1,030 

626 
361 


1911— Continued. 
Aug. 6 


Feet. 
2.25 
3.75 

3.55 
4.55 
4.15 
3.20 


Sec.-ft. 
117 


22 


11 


694 


July 23.. 
Aug. 30.. 






1912. 
June 23 










Sept. 2 


565 


3.. 






July 24 

25 


1,270 




1911. 




882 




Sept. 6 


379 


June 2fi. . 






July 1 









Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of 8 evenly mile River at the falls 

for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 465 square miles. Observer, Charles Martin.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






3.35 
3.55 
3.13 
3.50 
3.80 

3.35 
3.70 
2.90 


322 
400 
258 
380 
520 

322 
465 
208 
210 
300 

650 

1,100 

1,350 

380 

305 

340 
262 
290 
420 
290 

262 
380 
305 
305 
290 

262 
222 
208 
250 
223 
975 


3.95 
3.85 
3.45 
3.25 
3.18 

3.00 
2.90 
7.50 
7.60 
5.15 

4.35 
3.92 
4.50 

'"i'.'m 

3.63 
3.-60 
3.75 
4.00 
3.70 

"*3.'46' 
3.20 
3.20 
3.15 

3.18 

"'3.' 68" 
3.40 
3.30 
3.22 


602 
548 
360 
290 
270 

225 

208 

4,860 

5,020 

1,550 

865 
586 
975 
680 
380 

434 
420 
492 
630 
465 

400 
340 
275 
275 
262 

270 
360 
456 
340 
305 
281 


3.20 
4.20 
4.55 
4.45 
4.30 

4.35 
4.30 
3.90 
3.90 
4.10 

3.90 
3.80 
3.70 
3.98 
5.20 

4.80 
4.60 
4.35 
4.05 
3.80 

"3.' 45" 
3.45 
3.47 
3.50 

3.45 
3.45 
3.02 
3.00 
3.00 


275 


2 






760 


3 






1,020 
938 


4 






5 






830 


6 






865 


7 






830 


8 








9 








10 








695 


11 








575 


12 








520 


13 








465 


14 






3.50 
3.30 

3.40 
3.15 
3.25 
3.60 
3.25 

3.15 
3.50 
3.30 
3.30 
3.25 

3.15 
2.98 
2.90 
3.10 
2.99 
4.50 


619 


15 






1,600 


16 


4.05 
5.70 
5.80 
4.45 
4.55 

4.10 
4.20 
4.30 
3.90 
3.55 

3.55 
3.40 
4.30 
3.80 


662 
2,250 
2,400 

938 
1,020 

695 
760 
830 
575 
400 

400 
340 
830 
520 
420 


1,230 


17 


1,060 


18 


865 


19 


662 


20 


520 


21 


440 


22 


360 


23 


360 


24 


368 


25 


380 


26 


360 


27 


360 


28 


230 


29 


225 


30 


225 


31 
















Mean discharge 




869 
1.87 

1.04 
2,400 
340 
B 




402 
0.865 

1.00 
1,350 
208 
A 




756 
1.63 

1.88 
5,020 
208 
B 




626 


Second-feet per square mile 




1.35 


Rim-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




1.51 


Maximum 




1,600 


Minimum 




225 


Accuracy 




A 









136 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Seventymile River at the falls 

for 1910-1912— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 







3.18 
2.98 
3.10 
3.50 
3.25 

4.85 
4.12 
3.55 
3.10 
2.80 

2.62 
2.50 
2.42 
2.90 
2.90 

2.55 
2.50 
2.40 
2.32 
2.30 

2.40 
3.40 
3.00 
2.55 

2.85 

2.85 
3.40 
3.38 
3.20 
2.88 
2.72 


354 
304 
340 
500 
390 

1,550 
906 
525 
340 
250 

196 
170 
154 
280 
280 

180 
170 
150 
134 
130 

150 
450 
310 
180 
265 

265 
450 
442 
370 
254 
226 


2.60 
2.48 
2.40 
2.38 
2.32 

2.25 
2.20 
2.20 
2.32 
2.40 

3.35 
3.22 
2.90 
2.90 
3.65 

4.40 
3.80 
3.95 
3.72 
3.45 

3.12 

2.98 
2.88 
2.75 
2.62 

2.52 
2.55 
2.62 
2.60 
2.50 
2.60 


190 
166 
150 
146 
134 

120 
110 
110 
134 
150 

430 
378 
280 
280 
580 

1,130 
670 
775 
622 
475 

346 
304 
274 
235 
196 

174 
180 
196 
190 
170 
190 


2.70 
2.68 
2.60 
2.50 

2.48 

2.42 
2.38 
2.32 
2.30 
2.38 

3.00 
3.38 
3.28 
3.10 
3.02 

2.92 
2.82 
2.75 
2.60 

2.50 

'"'2." so' 

""2.* 56" 


220 


2 




214 


3 






190 


4 






170 


5 






166 


6 






154 


7 






146 


8 






134 


9 






130 


10 






146 


11 






310 


12 






442 


13 






402 


14 






340 


15 






316 


16 






286 


17 






256 


18 






235 


19 






190 


20 


4.15 

4.30 
4.08 
4.10 
4.08 
3.90 

3.95 
3.70 
3.52 
3.38 
3.30 


930 

1,050 

874 
890 
874 
740 

775 
610 
510 
442 
410 


180 


21 


170 


22 


170 


23 


170 


24 


170 


25 


170 


26 




27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




737 
1.58 

0.64 

1,050 

410 

A 




344 
0.739 

0.85 
1,550 
130 
A 




306 
0.659 

0.76 
1,130 
110 
A 




219 


Second- feet per square mile 




0.471 


Rim-ofi (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.43 


Maximum 




442 


Minimum 




130 


Accuracy 




A 









SEVENTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



137 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Seventymile River at the falls 

for 1910-1912— Contimied. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage Dis- 
height. charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage Dis- 
height. charge. 


1912. 
1 






3.50 
3.60 
3.60 
3.05 
2.70 

2.50 
2.40 
2.60 
3.25 
3.65 

3.50 
5.00 
4.65 
4.90 
4.50 

4.50 
3.85 
3.60 
3.50 
3.40 

3.35 
3.80 
3.40 
3.35 
3.40 

3.70 
3.70 
3.15 
2.80 
2.70 


528 
584 
584 
318 
214 

168 
148 
190 
399 
612 

528 
1,670 
1,300 
1,560 
1,170 

1,170 
727 
584 
528 
474 

448 
698 
474 
448 
474 

640 
640 
356 
240 
214 


2.70 
2.75 
3.60 
3.25 
2.90 

2.65 
2.50 
2.50 
2.40 
2.40 

2.70 
3.20 
3.00 
2.85 
3.10 

2.75 
2.60 
2.75 
2.80 
2.70 

6.25 
5.35 
4.60 
4.65 
4.30 

3.95 
4.00 
3.65 
3.40 
3.30 
3.40 


214 
227 
584 
399 

268 

202 
168 
168 

148 
148 

214 
376 
300 
254 
336 

227 
190 
227 
240 
214 

3,400 
2,100 
1,250 
1,300 
1,020 

786 
816 
612 
474 
422 
474 


"3.' 76" 

3.50 
3.40 
3.40 
3.80 
3.80 

3.50 
3.40 
3.40 
3.30 
3.20 
3.20 


642 
737 
622 
473 
392 

486 
8,150 
2,980 
1,930 
1,440 

4,170 

2,780 

1,450 

912 

635 

629 
541 
527 

777 
640 

528 
474 
474 
698 
698 

528 
474 
474 
422 
376 
376 


3.20 
3.20 
3.20 
3.20 
3.20 

3.20 
3.20 
3.20 
3.10 
3.10 

3.10 
3.10 
3.10 
3.00 
3.00 

3.00 
3.00 
3.10 
3.10 
3.00 

3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 

3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 


376 
376 
376 
376 
376 

376 
376 
376 
336 
336 

336 
336 
336 
300 
300 

300 
300 
336 
336 
300 

300 
300 
300 
300 
300 

300 
300 
300 
300 
300 


3.00 
3.00 
3.10 
3.00 
3.00 

3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 

3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 

3.00 
3.00 
3.00 


300 


2 






300 


3 


3.10 
3.10 
3.00 

2.90 
2.85 
2.85 
3.10 
3.05 

2.95 
3.00 
3.15 
3.40 
3.10 

3.10 
3.25 
3.15 
3.05 
3.00 

3.10 
3.30 
3.40 
3.55 
2.90 

3.00 
3.10 
3.30 
4.90 
4.60 
4.00 


336 
336 
300 

268 
254 
254 
336 
318 

284 
300 
356 
474 
336 

336 
399 
356 
318 
300 

336 
422 
474 
556 

268 

300 
336 
422 
1,560 
1,250 
816 


336 


4 


300 


5 


300 


6 


300 


7 


300 


8 


300 


9 


300 


10 


300 


11 


300 


12 


300 


13 


300 


14 


300 


15 


300 


16 


300 


17 


300 


18 


300 


19 




20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 


















Mean dis- 
charge . . 
Second-feet per 
square mile. . 
Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 
Maximum 




435 
0.935 

1.01 
1,560 ' 
254 
A 




603 
1.30 

1.45 
1,670 
148 
A 




573 
1.23 

1.42 
3,400 
148 
B 




1,180 
2.54 

2.93 
8,150 
376 
B 




329 

0.708 ' 

0.79 i 

376 1 

300 

A 


302 
0.650 

0.44 
336 






300 


Accuracy 




A 









FLUME CREEK ONE-FOURTH MILE ABOVE MOUTH. 



A station was maintained on Flume Creek about one-fourth mile 
above its confluence with Seventymile River during three seasons. 
In 1910 gage-height observations were continuous over most of" the 
season, but in 1911 and 1912 the records are very incomplete. The 
ratings are fairly well defined and the discharges are believed to be 
reasonably accurate. During 1910 a minmg ditch diverted water 
around this station. Three miscellaneous measurements were made 
in this ditch, the results of which are given elsewhere. They indicate 
that the true daily discharge of Flume Creek is about 2.5 second-feet 
greater than the amounts given in the tables. 



138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAFANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Flume Creek one-fourth mile above mouth, 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1910 

June 19 

20 

July 20 

21 

Sept. 4 

5 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.46 
2.56 
2.09 
2.01 
2.18 
2.23 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
66.6 
77.0 
31.2 
24.4 
61.0 
64.2 



Date. 



1911. 

June 23 

Aug. 8 

1912. 

May 26 

June 25 

July 21 

22 
Sept. 8........ 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.95 
1.35 



1.62 
1.85 
3.60 
2.80 
1.91 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
52.2 
9.45 



19.5 
33.8 
a 436 
174 
31.4 



a Measurement made by means of floats. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Flume Creeh one-fourth mile 

above mouth for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 36.7 square miles. Observers: E. A. Robertson, 1910-11; E. D. Madison, 1912.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.95 
1.98 
1.90 
1.87 
2.13 

2.02 
1.94 
1.84 
1.86 

1.78 

1.79 
2.86 
1.98 
1.82 
1.91 

2.18 
2.04 
2.28 
2.34 
2.12 

2.01 
2.02 
1.94 
1.89 
1.88 

1.85 
1.82 
1.79 
1.85 
1.90 
2.89 


20 

23 

17.0 

15.6 

35 

26 

19.8 

14.2 

15.1 

11.7 

12.0 
110 
23 

13.2 
17.7 

39 
27 
49 
55 
34 

25 

26 

19.8 

16.5 

16.1 

14.6 
13.2 
12.0 
14.6 
17.0 
113 


2.65 
2.28 
2.10 
2.01 
1.96 

1.89 
1.84 
3.60 
3.48 
2.80 

2.39 
2.31 
2.18 
2.12 
2.12 

2.15 
2.12 
2.12 
2.18 
2.10 

2.00 
1.90 

1.88 
1.84 
1.82 

1.85 
1.88 
1.85 
1.85 
1.96 
1.92 


86 
49 
32 
25 
21 

16.5 
14.2 
191 

178 
103 

60 
52 
39 
34 
34 

36 
34 
34 
39 
32 

24 

17.0 

16.1 

14.2 

13.2 

14.6 

16.1 

14.6 

14.6 

21 

18.4 


1.92 
2.16 
2.42 
2.40 
2.38 

2.32 
2.20 
2.14 
2.10 
2.18 

2.18 
2.06 
2.04 
2.12 
2.72 

2.60 
2.44 
2.32 
2.22 
2.15 

"""i."98" 
1.96 

1.96 
1.95 


18.4 


2 






37 


3 






63 


4 






61 


5 






59 


6 






53 


7 






41 


8 






36 


9 






32 


10 






39 


11 






39 


12 






29 


13 






27 


14 






34 


15 






94 


16 






81 


17 






65 


18 






53 


19 


2.46 
2.64 

2.44 
2.48 
2.47 
2.25 
2.00 

2.10 
2.02 
2.30 
2.17 
2.02 


67 
85 

65 
69 
68 
46 
24 

32 
26 
51 
38 
26 


43 


20 


36 


21 


33 


22 


30 


23 


27 


24 


23 


25- 


21 


26 


21 


27 


20 


28 . 




29 






20 






31 . . 
















Mean discharge 




49.8 
1.36 

0.61 
85 
24 

A 




27.9 
0.760 

0.88 
113 
11.7 
A 




41.7 
1.14 

1.31 
191 
13.2 
A 




41.3 


Second-feet per square mile 




1.13 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




1.13 


Maximum 




94 


Minimum 




18.4 


Accuracy 




A 









SEVENTYMILE EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



139 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Flume Creek one-fourth mile 
above mouth for 1910-1912 — Continued. 





June. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 










1911— Con. 
16 










2 










17 










3 










18 










4 










19 










5 










20 






1.75 

1.72 
1.71 
1.70 
1.61 
1.52 

1.46 
1.50 


25 


6 










21 






24 


7 1 








22 






23 


8 ' 




1.35 


9.4 


23 


1.95 


52 


23 


9 . . 




24 


19 


10 . . . i 








25 






16 


11 








26 






13 


12 








27 






15 


13 L- 








28 








14 










29 










15 










30 




















31 

























May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 














2.10 
2.15 
2.00 
1.90 

1.80 

1.90 
4.35 
3.15 


48 
53 
40 
33 
27 

33 
735 
280 
190 

98 

379 

264 

120 

68 

40 

44 
40 
36 

48 
40 

33 
33 
30 
40 
40 

40 
33 
33 
30 
30 
30 


""i.'go" 


30 


2 














30 


3 














30 


4 














33 


5 














33 


6 














33 


7 














33 


8. 














33 


9. 
















10. 














2.50 

3.45 
3.10 
2.60 
2.30 
2.00 

2.05 
2.00 
1.95 
2.10 
2.00 

1.90 
1.90 
1.85 
2.00 
2.00 

2.00 
1.90 
1.90 
1.85 
1.85 






11 


















12 


















13 :: ::;;::-. 
















14 


















15 


















16 


















17 


















18 






" 












19 


















20 


















21 










3.50 
2.80 
2.70 
2.65 
2.30 

2.10 
1.95 
1.85 
1.85 
1.90 
2.00 


396 
174 
146 
133 
68 

48 
36 
30 
30 
33 
40 






22 














23 














24 














25 






1.85 


30 






26 


1.60 


19 






27 










28 














29 














30 














31 




























Mean discharge. 












103 
2.80 

1.14 
396 
30 
B 




96.4 
2.63 

3.03 
735 
30 
B 




31.9 


Second -feet per 
square mile 












0.869 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 












0.20 


Maximum 












33 


Minimum 












30 


Accuracy 












B 

















140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 
ALDER CREEK AT CLAIM '^NO. 7 ABOVE." 



This station is located at claim ''No. 7 above," on Alder Creek, 
about IJ miles from its mouth. A gage was installed June 20, 1910, 
and records were obtained for three seasons. The records are con- 
tinuous and accurate and should be of value for showing the stream- 
flow characteristics of this region. The maximuna discharge at this 
station was 162 second-feet, on August 7, 1912; the minimum was 
2.5 second-feet, on May 10, 1912, but perhaps it was too early in the 
season to represent normal summer conditions. A discharge of 3.8 
second-feet occurred on July 8, 9, and 19, 1912. 

Discharge measurements of Alder Creek at claim "No. 7 above," 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


flage 
height. 


Dis- 

cliarge. 


June 20.. 


1910. 


Feet. 
2.73 
2.60 
2.67 
2.41 
3.00 
2.88 

2.41 
2.35 
2.00 


Sec.-ft. 
24 

14.6 
19,2 
9.4 
36 
31 

10.7 
8.67 
5.59 


1912. 
May 27 


Feet. 
2.24 
2.55 
3.05 
2.81 
2.21 


Sec.-ft. 
6.2 


21 


June 24 


14 2 


July 19 


July 22 


51.4 


20 


23 


30 


Sept. 5 


Sept. 7 


9.66 


6 






June 22 . 


1911. 




24 




Aug. 7 









SEVENTYMILE EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



141 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Alder Creek at claim ^^No. 7 

above'' for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 11.8 square miles. Observer, James Murphy.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






2.42 
2.42 
2.40 
2.58 
2.52 

2.45 
2.42 
2.40 
2.40 
2.38 

2.42 
2.42 
2.42 
2.40 
2.40 

2.40 
2.38 
2.50 
2.52 
2.42 

2.48 
2.45 
2.42 
2.42 
2.42 

2.42 
2.38 
2.40 
2.35 
2.38 
2.90 


9.8 

9.8 

9.2 

15.2 

12.9 

10.6 
9.8 
9.2 
9.2 

8.8 

9.8 
9.8 
9.8 
9.2 
9.2 

9.2 

8.8 

12.1 

12.9 

9.8 

11.5 

10.6 

9.8 

9.8 

9.8 

9.8 
8.8 
9.2 
8.2 
8.8 
32 


2.58 
2.48 
2.45 
2.40 
2.40 

2.35 
2.35 
3.10 
3.45 
3.25 

2.92 
2.65 
2.52 
2.45 
2.45 

2.45 
2.45 
2.45 
2.42 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.38 
2.35 
2.35 

2.35 
2.35 
2.42 
2.40 
2.40 
2.35 


15.2 

11.5 

10.6 

9.2 

9.2 

8.2 
8.2 

45 

70 

56 

33 

18.5 

12.9 

10.6 

10.6 

10.6 

10.6 

10.6 

9.8 

9.2 

9.2 
9.2 

8.8 
8.2 
8.2 

8.2 
8.2 
9.8 
9.2 
9.2 
8.2 


2.35 
2.55 
2.77 

2.78 
2.88 

2.85 
2.65 
2.58 
2.48 
2.62 

2.52 
2.50 
2.48 
2.55 
3.25 

3.05 

2.82 
2.68 
2.52 
2.40 

2.45 
2.35 
2.30 
2.30 

'"2." 30' 

""ilo" 


8.2 
14 
24 
25 
31 

29 

18.5 

15.2 

11.5 

17.0 

12.9 
12.1 
11.5 
14.0 
56 

42 
27 
20 
12.9 
9.2 

10.6 
8.2 
7.3 
7.3 
7.3 

7.3 
7.3 
7.9 
8.5 
9.2 


2.32 
2.28 
2.32 
2.30 
2.25 


7.7 


2 






7.1 


3 






7.7 


4 






7.3 


5 






6.7 


6 








7 










8 










9 










10 \ 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 











17 










18 '■ 








19 








20 


2.75 

2.52 
2.55 
2.52 
2.48 
2.48 

2.45 
2.45 
2.50 
2.42 
2.40 


24 

12.9 
14.0 
12.9 
11.5 
11.5 

10.6 

10.6 

12.1 

9.8 

9.2 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean discharge. 




12.6 
1.07 

0.44 
24 
9.2 
B 




10.8 
0.915 

1.05 
32 
8.2 
B 




15.4 
1.31 

1.51 
70 
8.2 
B 




16.4 
1.39 

1.55 
56 
7.3 
B 




7.3 


Second-feet per 
square mUe 




0.619 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 




0.12 


Maximum 




7.7 


Minimum 




6.7 


Accuracy 




B 









142 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Alder Creek at claim "No. 7 

above ''for 1910-1912— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage - 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






2.75 
2.85 
3.05 
3.12 
3.10 

3.00 
2.85 
2.75 
2.70 
2.58 

2.55 
2.65 
2.68 
2.68 
2.75 

2.75 
2.70 
2.65 
2.75 
2.58 

2.50 
2.42 
2.50 
2.42 
2.40 

2.38 
2.32 
2.30 
2.28 
2.22 


24 
29 
44 
46 
45 

38 
29 
24 
21 
15.2 

14.1 

18.5 

20 

20 

24 

24 

21 

18.5 

24 

15.2 

12.1 
10.4 
12.1 
10.4 
10 

9.7 
8.6 
8.3 
8.1 
7.3 


2.18 
2.20 
2.20 
2.30 
3.20 

2.48 
2.35 
2.30 
2.22 
2.18 

2.30 
2.30 
2.25 
2.50 
2.50 

2.05 
2.30 
2.25 
2.30 
2.00 

2.35 
2.22 
2.10 
2.08 
2.05 

2.28 
2.42 
2.48 
2.40 
2.25 
2.18 


6.9 
7.1 
7.1 
8.3 
52 

11.7 
9.2 
8.3 
7.3 
6.1 

8.3 
8.3 

7.7 
12.1 
12.1 

5.9 
8.3 
7.7 
8.3 
5.5 

9.2 
7.3 
6.3 
6.1 

5.9 

8.1 
10.4 
11.7 
10 

7.7 
6.9 


2.08 
2.02 
2.08 
2.05 
2.00 

2.00 
2.00 
1.95 
2.00 
2.15 

2.25 
2.12 
2.20 
2.55 
2.50 

2.52 
2.55 
2.38 
2.40 
2.35 

2.30 
2.20 
2.15 
2.30 
2.30 

2.50 
2.00 
2.00 
2.25 
2.00 
2.30 


6.1 
5.7 
6.1 

5.9 
5.5 

5.5 
5.5 
5.1 
5.5 

6.7 

7.7 

6.5 

7.1 

14.1 

12.1 

12.9 
14.1 

9.6 
10 

9.2 

8.8 
7.1 
6.7 
8.3 

8.3 

12.1 
5.5 
5.5 
7.7 
5.5 
8.3 


2.30 
2.50 
2.25 
2.00 
2.25 

1.98 
1.95 
1.90 
1.95 
2.05 

2.25 
2.32 
2.30 
2.25 
2.20 

2.20 
2.20 
2.15 

2.22 
2.20 

2.15 
2.05 
2.15 
2.18 
2.10 

2.12 
2.10 
2.12 
2.10 
2.05 


8.3 
12.1 

7.7 
5.5 

7-7 

5.3 
5.1 
4.7 
5.1 
5.9 

7.7 
8.6 
8.3 
7.7 
7.1 

7.1 
7.1 
6.7 
7.3 
7.1 

6.7 
5.9 
6.7 
6.9 
6.3 

6.5 
6.3 
6.5 
6.3 
5.9 


2.05 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

1.95 
1.95 
1.85 


5.9 


2 






5.5 


3 






5.5 


4 






5.5 


5 






5.5 


6 


2.30 
2.50 
2.52 

2.45 
2.40 

2.35 
2.25 
2.30 
2.45 
2.45 

2.40 
2.42 
2.60 
2.72 
2.68 

2.52 
2.40 
2.38 
2.30 

2.58 

2.92 
2.88 
2.62 
2.52 
2.95 
3.20 


8.3 
12.1 
12.9 
11.1 
10.0 

9.2 

7.7 

8.3 

11.1 

11.1 

10 
10 
16 
22 
20 

12.9 
10.0 

9.7 

8.3 

15.2. 

33 

21 

17 

12.9 

35 

52 


5.1 


7 


5.1 


8 


4.3 


9 . .. 




10 ... 






11 






12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 
charge . . 
Second-feet per 
square mile . . 
Run-olT (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 
Maximum 




15.7 
1.33 

1.28 
52 
7.7 
B 




20.4 
1.73 

1.93 
46 
7.3 
B 




9.61 
0.814 

0.94 

52 
5.5 
B 




7.88 
0.668 

0.77 
14.1 

5.1 

B 





6.87 
0. 582 

0.65 
12.1 

4.7 

B 




5.30 
0.449 

0.14 
5.9 


Minimum 




4.3 


Accuracy 




B 









SEVENTYMILE KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



143 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Alder Creeh at claim 

above'' for 1910-1912— Continued. 



No. 7 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






2.50 
2.62 
2.52 
2.32 
2.22 

2.18 
2.12 
2.40 
2.60 
2.60 

2.70 
3.35 
2.95 

2.82 
2.80 

2.68 
2.52 
2.42 
2.38 
2.32 

2.28 
2.32 
2.45 
2.52 
2.52 

2.58 
2.55 
2.40 
2.28 
2.22 


12 

17 

13 
7.9 
5.9 

5.2 
4.1 
9.5 

16 

16 

22 
82 
42 
32 
30 

21 

13 

10 
9.1 
7.9 

7.1 
7.9 

11 

13 

13 

15 

14 
9.5 
7.1 
5.9 


2.20 
2.28 
2.40 
2.35 
2.28 

2.20 
2.12 
2.10 
2.10 
2.50 

2.50 
2.40 
2.30 
2.28 
2.20 

2.18 
2.18 
2.15 
2.10 
2.15 

3.75 
3.30 
2.90 
2.95 

2.72 

2.60 
2.48 
2.40 
2.38 
2.35 
2.60 


5.5 

7.1 
9.5 

8.5 
7.1 

5.5 
4.1 
3.8 
3.8 
12 

12 
9.5 
7.5 
7.1 
5.5 

5.2 
5.2 
4.6 
3.8 
4.6 

130 

76 
38 
42 
24 

16 

12 
9.5 
9.1 

8.5 
16 


2.75 
2.75 
2.60 
2.50 
2.40 

2.48 
4.00 
3.10 
2.75 
2.58 

3.20 
3.00 
2.72 
2.58 
2.50 

2.48 
2.42 
2.40 
2.38 
2.32 

2.30 
2.25 
2.25 
2.42 


26 
26 
16 
12 
9.5 

12 

162 
-76 
42 

28 

88 
66 
40 
28 
22 

21 
17 
16 
15 
13 

12 
11 
11 
17 
16 

14 
12 
12 
10 
10 
10 


2.18 
2.25 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 

2.25 
2.20 

"2." 25' 

2.20 
2.30 
2.28 
2.20 
2.20 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.15 

2.18 
2.20 
2.20 
2.10 
2.05 

2.10 
2.15 
2.10 

,2.08 
2.10 


9.3 
11 
12 
12 
12 

11 
9.8 
10 
10 
11 

9.8 

12 

12 
9.8 
9.8 

9.8 
9.8 
9.8 
9.8 

8.6 

9.3 
9.8 
9.8 
7.3 
6.3 

7.3 
8.6 
7.3 
6.9 
7.3 


2.10 
2.15 
2.20 
2.10 
2.15 

2.10 
2.10 
2.10 
2.08 
2.05 

2.00 
2.05 
2.05 
2.02 


7.3 


2 






8.6 


3 






9.8 


4 






7.3 


5.... 






8.6 


6 






7.3 


7 






7.3 


8 






7.3 


9 


2.50 
2.00 

2.05 
2.10 
2.18 
2.25 
2.18 

2.30 
2.25 
2.32 
2.18 
2.20 

2.25 
2.30 
2.38 
2.22 
2.22 

2.20 
2.28 
2.40 
3.00 
2.82 
2.55 


12 
2.5 

3.2 
3.8 
5.2 
6.5 
5.2 

7.5 
6.5 
7.9 
5.2 
5.5 

6.5 
7.5 
9.1 
5.9 
5.9 

5.5 
7.1 
9.5 

47 

32 

14 


6.9 


10 


6.3 


11 


5.3 


12 


6.3 


13 


6.3 


14 


5.7 


15 




16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 




26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 
charge . . 
Second-feet per 
square mile . . 
Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 




9.61 
0.814 

0.70 
47 
2.5 
B 




16.0 
1.36 

1.52 
82 
4.1 
B 




16.5 
1.40 

l.Gl 
130 
3.8 
B 




24.9 
2.11 

2.43 
162 
9.5 
B 




9.64 
0.816 

0.91 
12 
6.3 
B 




7.16 
0.607 

0.32 
9.8 


Minimum 




5.3 






B 









BARNEY CREEK ABOVE DITCH INTAKE. 

A station was established on the right fork of Barney Creek, above 
the ditch intake and about 2 miles from the mouth, on June 18, 1910. 
During the season sufficient gage readings were obtained to make 
estimates of the daily discharge. 

Discharge measurements of Barney Creek above ditch intake, 1910-11. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 18 . . 


1910. 


Feet. 
1.94 
1.72 
1.71 
1.70 
1.72 


Sec.-ft. 

2.60 
.69 
.72 
.89 

1.10 


1910— Contmued. 
Sept. 2 


Feet. 
1.83 
1.85 

1.20 


Sec.-ft. 
2.20 


21 


6 


2.60 


July 22 


1911. 
Aug. 9 




Aug. 31 




Sept. 1 


0.45 









a Estimated. 



144 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Barney Creek above ditch 

intake for 1910. 

[Observer, John Williams.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






1.70 


0.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 

2.8 

1.2 
1.0 

.8 
.6 
.6 

.6 

.7 
.8 
.9 

.8 

.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.4 

.5 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.6 
.6 
.6 

.7 
.8 
.9 


'""i.'eo' 
'"'2." 66" 

2.40 
2.10 

1.90 
1.80 
1.80 

1.70 

""'i.'so' 





"'i.'76' 

""i.Yo 


0.8 
.7 
.6 
.5 
.4 

.4 

1.0 

3.5 

13.4 

11.7 

3.7 
1.8 
1.8 
1.5 
1.2 

.9 
1.2 
1.5 
1.8 
1.5 

1.2 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 

.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 


1.72, 
'"2.'66' 

'""i.'96' 


1.1 


2 






4.1 


3 








7.1 


4 






1.70 
1.95 

1.80 


6.7 


5 






6.2 


6 






5.7 


7 






5.2 


8 








4.7 


9 






1.70 


4.2 


10 






3.7 


11 






1.70 




12 










13 












14 












15... 












16 












17 






1.70 

""'i."76' 
1.65 

""i."7o' 

1.70 

""i.'76' 

1.70 

"'i.'75' 






18 


1.95 


2.8 

2.0 

.9 

.9 
.6 
.5 
.4 
.4 

.5 

.6 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 






19 






20 


1.75 

1.75 
1.70 






21 






22 






23 






24 


1.65 






25 






26 








27 


1.70 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















1.02 
C 




0.745 
C 




1.94 
C 




4.87 


Accuracy 




c 









BARNEY CREEK DITCH BELOW THE FORKS. 

On August 11, 1911, a gage was installed on Barney Creek ditch 
below the forks. Ditches divert from both forks of Barney Creek 
and unite a short distance below their intakes in a single ditch which 
at ordinary stages carries all the water Barney Creek can supply. 
Gage-height records were obtained during 1912. The daily dis- 
charges represent the total flow of both forks for the greater part of 
the summer. 

Discharge measurements of Barney Creek ditch below the forks, 1911-12. 



Date. 



Aug. 11 



1911. 



May 25. 



1912. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.05 



1.61 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
3.46 



20 



Date. 



1912— Continued. 

May 29 

29 

June 26.'.'. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Sept. 6 



height. 



Feet. 
2.00 
1.75 
2.00 
1.80 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
3.02 
1.06 
3.18 
1.95 



SEVENTYMILE EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



145 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Barney Creek ditch below 

the forks for 1912. 

[Observer, A. H. Tiirnbull.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


Augiast. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height.' 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






2.20 
2.20 
2.16 
2.00 
2.00 

2.10 
2.10 
2.00 
2.00 
1.90 

1.90 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.70 

1.62 
1.60 
1.65 
2.00 
2.00 

2.10 
2.12 
1.61 
1.60 
1.63 

1.80 
2.20 
2.10 
1.90 
1.60 


5.1 
5.1 
4.7 
3.1 
3.1 

4.1 
4.1 
3.1 
3.1 

2.2 

2.2 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 

.7 

.4 

.3 

.5 

3.1 

3.1 

4.1 

4.3 

.3 

.3 

.4 

1.4 
5.1 
4.1 
2.2 
.3 


1.60 
1.60 
1.60 
1.61 
1.62 

1.60 
1.56 
1.60 
1.65 
1.70 

1.80 
1.90 
1.90 

1.87 
1.81 

1.80 
1.75 
1.71 
L67 
1,70 

2.35 
2.30 
2.25 
2,20 
2.01 

2.00 
2.00 
1.90 
1.85 
1.80 
1.72 


0.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.4 

.3 
.2 
.3 

.5 

.7 

1.4 
2.2 
2.2 
2.0 
1.5 

1.4 
1.0 

.8 
.6 

.7 

6.7 
6.1 
5.6 
5.1 
3.2 

3.1 
3.1 
2.2 
1.8 
1.4 
.8 


1.70 
1.69 
1.68 
1.65 
1.61 

2.00 
2.45 
2.31 
2.30 
2.20 

2.10 
2.01 
2.00 
2.00 
1.98 

1.90 
1.90 
1.95 
2.00 
2.10 

2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
1.95 
1.93 

1.92 
1.90 
1.85 
1.83 
1.82 
1.80 


0.7 
. 7 
.6 
.5 
.3 

3.1 
7.9 
6.2 
6.1 
5.1 

4.1 
3.2 
3.1 
3.1 
2.9 

2.2 
2.2 
2.6 
3.1 
4.1 

3.1 
3.1 
3.1 

2.6 
2.5 

2.4 


1.80 


1.4 


2 






1.4 


3 






1 4 


4 






1 4 


5 






1 4 


6 






1.4 


7 








8 










9 










10 










11 






I 


12 










13 








14 


1 






15 


1 






16 


1 






17 


\ 






18 


\ ' '" 






19 






20 






21 


1 






22 


i 






23 






24 






25 


1.61 

1.60 
1.59 
1.60 
1.80 
2.20 
2.15 


0.3 

.3 

.3 

.3 

1.4 

5.1 

4.6 




26 




27 


2.2 
1.8 
1.6 
1.6 
1.4 






28 






29 






30 




31 
















1.76 
B 




2.49 
B 




1.82 
B 




2.81 
B 


I.- 


Accuracy 







B 



SONICKSON CREEK ABOVE DITCH INTAKE. 

A station was established on Sonickson Creek above the ditch 
intake, about a mile from its mouth, on June 16, 1910. In June, 

1911, the gage was relocated at a point at which it remained through 

1912. Gage-height observations were occasionally obtained for the 
three seasons. In 1910 the daily discharges are estimated for the 
season, but in 1911 and 1912 the discharges are given only for those 
days on which the gage heights were reported. 

In 1909 a ditch was built for diverting water from Sonickson Creek 
for use in mining the benches on the right limit of the Seventymile 
just above the falls. The ditch is about 8,000 feet long and has a 
bottom width of 3 feet and a grade of 4.6 feet per mile. A pressure 
of 100 to 150 feet is available at the point of operation. The ditch 
was used successfully until the summer of 1912, when it was aban- 
doned, owing to the discouraging conditions which were encountered 
in mining the benches. 

42913°— WSP 342—15 10 



146 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN ANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Sonickson Creek above ditch intake, 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1910. 

June 16 

18 

22 

July 23!!!."!!!!! 

Aug. 30 

Sept. 3 

1911. 

June 26 

July 1 

Aug. 11 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.87 
2.62 
1.87 
2.13 
1.90 
2.48 



2.82 
2.67 
3.28 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

8.8 
66 

9.1 
19.2 

9.0 
45 



6.94 
4.56 
14.8 



Date. 



1912 

May 24 

30 

June 23 

Sept. 10 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.87 
3.43 
3.05 
3.07 



Dis- 
charge. 



Scc.-ft. 
5.13 
27.4 
7.54 
7.63 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Sonickson Creek above ditch 

intake for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 12.6 square miles. Observer, Charles Martin.] 





Jime. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.60 
1.57 
1.53 
1.50 
1.49 

1.48 
1.47 
1.45 


4.0 
3.7 
3.3 
3.0 
2.9 

2.8 
2.7 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 

3.2 
3.9 
4.6 
5.3 
5.0 

4.5 
4.0 
4.6 
10.2 
7.9 

6.2 
12.8 
19.3 
13.9 

12.8 

6.2 
5.8 
5.4 
5.0 
5.4 
5.9 


1.75 

1.60 

"'i!79" 
3.35 
2.55 

2.35 
2.10 
2.00 
1.95 

1.92 
1.92 
1.93 

""i!96' 

"'i!80' 
1.85 

1.85 

1.88 

'"'i!95' 
1.90 


6.2 
5.8 
5.4 
5.0 
4.5 

4.0 
5.5 
7.0 
192 
55 

34 
17.7 
13.0 
11.2 

10.7 

10.2 
10.2 
10.6 
10.0 
9.5 

8.7 
7.9 
7.2 

8.4 
8.4 

8.4 
9.0 
10.1 
11.2 
9.5 
9.8 


1.92 
2.30 
2.52 

""i'35' 

'""2!25' 
""i'25" 

■"2! 16' 
2.15 

'""i'46" 


10.2 


2 






30 


3 






51 


4 






42 


5 






34 


6 






30 


7 






26 


8 






26 


9 






26 


10 








24 


11 








21 


12 








19 


13 








17.7 


14 






1.70 
1.68 

"'i!66" 
1.65 
1.92 
1.83 

1.75 
2.02 

'""i!68" 

■"i!73' 


20 


15 






26 


16 


1.87 
3.90 
2.60 
2.15 
2.10 

1.90 
1.90 
1.85 
1.75 
1.70 

1.67 

1.78 


8.8 
310 
61 
20 
17.7 

9.5 
9.5 
8.4 
6.2 
5.3 

4.9 
6.8 
5.7 
4.6 
4.3 


32 


17. 


39 


18 




19 






20 






21 






22 






23 


1 


24 .... 


1 


25 






26 






27 






28 






29 


1.65 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




32.2 
2.56 

1.43 
310 
4.3 
C 




5.86 
0.465 

0.536 
19.3 
2.5 
B 




17.0 
1.35 

1.56 
192 
4.0 

C 




27.9 


Second-feet per square mUe 




2.21 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




1.40 


Maximum 




51 


Minimum 




10.2 


Accuracy 




B 









SEVENTYMILE KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



147 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Sonickson Creek above ditch 

intake for 1910-1912 — Continued. 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 




6 


i 
® 

133 

o 


Si 

o 

o 


-i-5 

be 
'S 

-a 
a 

tuO 
C3 

O 


<£ 

1 

CO 

s 


bO 


6 

•g 

s 


'53 
to 

C3 

o 


5 


Xi 

to 

'S 

® 

W) 
C3 

o 


03 

-a 

o 

ft 


1911. 
1 


2.62 
2.65 
2.63 

2.88 


4.0 
4.4 
4.2 
7.5 


2.85 


7.1 






1911— Con. 
16 






3.50 


17.3 






2 






17 


2.65 
2.60 
2.50 


4.4 
3.8 
2.7 






3 










18 






3.00 


9.2 


4 


2.65 


4.4 






19 








5 






20 










6 














21 

22 

23 


2.60 
2.92 
2.75 
2.90 
3.65- 

3.70 
3.50 


3.8 
8.1 
5.7 
7.8 
19.9 

21 
17.3 










7 






2.60 


3.8 














8 


3.55 


18.2 


2.80 


6.4 










9 






24 










10 . ... 














25. 










11 


2.60 


3.8 


3.30 


13.9 






26 


2.90 
2.90 


7.8 

7.8 






12 


3. 55 


18.2 


27 

28 






13 














14 


3.10 


10.7 










29 














15 


3.60 


19.0 






30 
























31 

































May. 


June. 


July. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 . . 










2.75 
.... 


3.7 






2 














3 






3.25 


14 










4 














5 










3.05 


7.7 






6 






2.85 


4.8 






7 






2.80 


4.2 






8 






3.10 


8.6 






9 














10 














3.05 


7.7 


11 
















12 






3.55 


36 


3.10 


8.6 






13 










14 


















15 


















16 


















17 


















18 










3.20 


11 






19 














20 


















21 










4.40 


135 






22 






3.15 
3.05 


9.8 

7.7 






23 














24 


2.85 
2.80 


4.8 
4.2 










25 














26 














27 


2.80 


4.2 














28 














29 


3.75 
3.45 


55 

27 


3.00 


6.8 










30 










31 






























WASHINGTON CREEK ABOVE DAM. 



This station was established about one-fourth mile above the mouth 
of Washington Creek, just above an old dam, on May 30, 1912, and was 
maintained through the summer season. Washington Creek in this 
vicinity flows through a channel which it has cut in the muck and 



148 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

sand, and its banks and bed are very easily eroded. During 1912 fre- 
quent shifts occurred, so that the ratings are only approximate. On 
September 4 a dam was constructed about one-half mile above the 
gage and water diverted through a slough. On September 9 a meas- 
urement of this diversion at the intake gave 3.51 second-feet. This 
is probably the approximate rate at which water was diverted from 
Washington Creek above the gaging station after September 4. 
Discharge measurements of Washington Creek above dam, 1911 and 1912. 



Date. 



Aug. 11. 



1911. 



May 30. 
June 23. 



1912. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



1.24 
1.00 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
a 3. 53 



24.3 
6.39 



Date. 



1912— Continued 

June 27 

July 24 

25 

Sept. 6 , 

9 



height. 



Feet. 

1.17 

1.21 

1.13 

.95 

.78 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
13.0 
16.2 
13.8 
4.74 
2.59 



a Measurement made at mouth. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Washington Creeh above dam 

for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 15.6 square miles. Observer, John Oleson.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






0.90 
1.40 
1.00 
1.05 
.90 

.90 

.80 

1.10 

1.40 

1.20 

1.10 
1.25 
1.10 
1.05 
1.00 

.90 
.85 
.80 
.80 
.75 

.80 

.90 

1.00 


5 

34 
10 
13 

5 

5 

5 
16 
34 
15 

10 

18 

10 
8.2 
6.3 

3.3 
2.3 
1.3 
1.3 

.8 

1.3 
3.3 
6.3 
8 
10 

10 
12 

8 

6 

3 


0.75 
1.80 
1.30 
1.10 
1.05 

.90 
.80 
.80 

.75 
.80 

1.00 
1.00 
.95 
1.05 
1.00 

.95 
1.10 
1.10 
1.15 
1.10 

2.50 
1.40 
1.30 
1.20 
1.10 

1.10 

1.05 

1.00 

.95 

.90 

.90 


0.8 
51 
21 
10 

8.2 

3.3 
1.3 
1.3 
.8 
1.3 

6.3 
6.3 
4.8 
8.2 
6.3 

4.8 
10 
10 
12 
10 

100 
28 
22 
16 
11 

11 

8.8 
6.5 
5.2 
4.0 
4.0 


0.95 
1.10 
1.10 
1.05 
1.00 

1.10 
2.50 
1.70 
1.40 
1.25 

2.00 
1.50 
1.35 
1.20 
1.10 

1.05 
1.00 
1.10 
1.25 
1.20 

1.15 
1.20 
1.10 
1.05 
1.00 

1.10 
1.05 
1.00 
1.05 
1.05 
1.00 


5.2 
11 
11 

8.8 
6.5 

11 

99 
46 
28 
19 

64 
34 
25 
16 
11 

8.8 
6.5 

11 

19 

16 

14 

16 
11 

8.8 
6.5 

11 

8.8 
6.5 
8.8 
8.8 
6.5 


1.00 
1.05 
1.10 
1.00 
1.00 

'""'.'so' 

.80 
.80 
.80 

.80 
.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 

.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 

.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 

.60 
.60 
.60 
.60 
.60 


6.5 


2 






8.8 


3 






11 


4 






6.5 


5. 






6.5 


6 






4.5 


7 






2.5 


8 






2.5 


9 






2.5 


10 






2.5 


11 






2.5 


12 






2.0 


13 






2.0 


14 






2.0 


15 






2.0 


16 






2.0 


17 






2.0 


18 






2.0 


19 






2.0 


20 






2.0 


21. 






2.0 


22. 






2.0 


23 






2.0 


24 






2.0 


25 








2.0 


26 








1.5 


27 






1.15 


1.5 


28 






1.5 


29 








1.5 


30 


1.25 
1.00 


25 
10 




1.5 


31 














Mean discharge. 








9.0 
0.577 

0.64 
34 
0.8 
C 





12.7 
0.814 

0.94 
100 
0.8 

C 


..'.'.'.'.'.. 


17.7 
1.13 

1.30 
99 
5.2 
C 




3.1 


Second -feet per 
square mile 








0.199 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 








0.22 


Maximum 








11 


Minimum . . 








1.5 


Accuracy 








C 









SEVENTYMILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



140 



CROOKED CREEK BELOW ELDORADO CREEK. 

This station was established just above Froelich & Krommer's 
dam, about one-fourth mile below Eldorado Creek and 2 miles above 
the junction of Crooked Creek with Seven tymile River, on June 15, 
1910, and records were obtained for three years. Settlement of the 
gage and channel shifts necessitated the use of different ratings each 
year. In 1912 unusual freshets changed the channel very materially, 
and for the later part of the season the rating is poorly defined. 

Discharge measurements of Crooked Creek below Eldorado Greek, 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 15 


1910. 


Feet. 
2.61 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
3.35 
3.30 
2.96 

2.63 
2.35 


Sec.-ft. 

2.7 

4.0 

4.4 

4.1 

34.0 

30.0 

14.5 

7.10 
2.55 


1911— Continued. 
A ug. 5 


Feet. 
2.25 
2.65 
2.44 

2.42 
2.48 
2.73 
3.42 
13.44 


Sec.-ft. 
1.25 


22 


12 


5,76 


Jiily 24 


13 


3.89 


Aug. 30 


1912. 
May 23 




Sept. 2 










3. . 


23 










7.. 


June 22 






1911. 






July 25 


17.7 


June 19 . . 


Sept. 5 


10.4 


27 











Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Crooked Creek below Eldorado 

Creek for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 17.2 square miles. Observer, Arthur Froelich.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






2.65 
2.60 
2.55 
2.60 
2.65 

2.60 
2.55 
2.50 
2.45 
2.45 

2.50 
2.60 
2.55 
2.50 
2.50 

2.45 
2.45 
2.50 
2.55 
2.50 

2.50 
2.65 
2.60 
2.65 
2.60 

2.55 
2.50 
2.45 
2.45 
2.45 
2.50 


4.4 
3.4 
2.6 
3.4 
4.4 

3.4 
2.6 
1.9 
1.4 
1.4 

1.9 
3.4 
2.6 
1.9 
1.9 

1.4 
1.4 
1.9 
2.6 
1.9 

1.9 
4.4 
3.4 
4.4 
3.4 

2.6 
1.9 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.9 


2.50 
2.50 
2.45 
2.45 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
4.60 
4.40 
3.25 

3.05 
2.85 
2.75 
2.70 
2.70 

2.75 
2.75 
2.90 
2.85 
2.80 

2.75 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 

2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 


1.9 
1.9 
1.4 
1.4 
1.0 

1.0 
1.0 

139 

121 

28 

18.0 

10.2 

7.0 

5.5 

5.5 

7.0 

7.0 

12.0 

10.2 

8.4 

7.0 
5.5 
5.5 
5.5 
5.5 

5.5 
5.5 
5.5 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 


2.65 
3.00 
3.28 
3.15 
3.15 

3.10 
2.95 
2.80 
2.90 
3.05 

3.00 
2.90 
2.90 
3.20 
3.52 

3.25 
3.35 
3.20 
3.10 
3.20 


4.4 


2 






16.0 


3 






29 


4 






22 


5 






22 


6 






20 


7 






14.0 


8 






8.4 


9 






12.0 


10 






18.0 


11 


* 




16.0 


12 






12.0 


13 






12.0 


14 






25 


15 


2.60 

2.70 
3.48 
3.25 
2.95 
2.80 

2.75 
2.65 
2.65 


2.7 

4.8 
43 
28 
14.0 

8.4 

7.0 
4.4 
4.4 
3.5 
2.6 

2.6 
7.0 
7.0 
7.0 

8.4 


46 


16 


28 


17 


34 


18 


25 


19 


20 


20 


25 


21 




22 






23 






24 






25 


2.55 

2.55 
2.75 
2.75 
2.75 
2.80 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




9.68 
0.563 

0.34 
43 
2.6 
A 




2.51 
0.146 

0.17 
4.4 
1.4 

A 




14.4 
0.837 

0.96 
139 
1.0 

B 




20.4 


Second-feet per square mile 




1.19 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.88 


Maximum 




46 


Minimum 




4.4 


Acciuacy 




A 



150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOI^-TAITANA REGION", ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge in second-feet, of Crooked Creeh helow Eldorado 

Creek for 1910-1912— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






2.30 
2.30 
2.70 

2.45 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.35 
2.35 
2.30 

2.25 

2.25 

2.25" 

2.25 

2.25 

2.25 
2.25 
2.25 
2.25 
2.20 

2.75 
2.55 
2.35 
2.35 
2.40 

2.70 
2.70 
2.50 
2.45 
2.40 
2.35 


2.0 
2.0 
9.5 
4.2 
3.4 

3.4 

2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.0 

1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 

1.5 

1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.0 

10.8 
6.0 
2.7 
2.7 
3.4 

9.5 
9.5 
5.0 
4.2 
3.4 
2.7 


2.35 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.25 

""2.'25' 
2.35 

2.65 
2.50 
2.45 
2.45 
3.30 

3.00 
3.10 
2.95 
2.90 

2.85 

2.60 
2.55 
2.50 
2.45 
2.40 

2.40 

'"'ilo' 

2.45 


2.7 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.5 

1.5 
1.5 
1.5 

1.5 
2.7 

8.2 
3.4 
4.2 
4.2 
33 

20 
24 
18 
16 
14 

7.0 
6.0 
5.0 
4.2 
3.4 

3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
4.2 


2.45 
2.45 
2.45 
2.40 
2.40 

2.40 
2.35 
2.35 
2.35 
2.35 

2.50 
3.30 
3.00 
2.80 
2.70 

2.60 
2.55 
2.55 
2.55 
2.60 


4 2 


2 






4 2 


3 






4 2 


4 






3 4 


5 






3 4 


6 






3 4 


7 






2 7 


8 






2 7 


9 . 






2 7 


10 .. . 






2 7 


11 






5.0 


12 


2.75 
3.55 
3.00 

2.85 

2.75 
2.70 
2.65 
2.65 
2.60 

2.55 
2.50 
2.45 
2.40 
2.40 

2.40 
2.35 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 


10.8 
47 
20 
14 

10.8 
9.5 

8.2 
8.2 
7.0 

6.0 
5.0 
4.2 
3.4 
3.4 

3.4 
2.7 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 


33 


13 


20 


14 


12 


15 


9.5 


16 


7.0 


17 


6 


18 


6 


19 


6 


20 


7 


21 




22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




8.93 
0.519 

0.37 

47 

2.0 




3.52 
0.202 

0.23 

10.8 

1.0 




6.80 
0.395 

0.46 

33 

1.5 




7.26 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.422 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.31 


Maximum 




33 


Minimum 




2.7 









SEVENTYMILE ElVEK DEAINAGE BASIN. 



151 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Crooked Creek below Eldorado 

Creek for 1910-1912— Gontinned. 





May. 


June.' 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






2.50 
3.10 
3.10 
2.70 
2.60 

2.50 
2.40 
3.05 
3.45 
3.15 

2.85 
2.90 
2.85 
2.70 
2.70 

2.85 
2.70 
2.60 
2.55 
2.55 

2.55 
2.70 
2.65 
2.60 
2.75 

3.05 
2.80 
2.60 
2.50 
2.45 


5.0 

24 

24 
9.5 
7.0 

5.0 
3.4 

22 

41 

26 

14 

16 

14 
9.5 
9.5 

14 
9.5 
7.0 
6.0 
6.0 

6.0 
9.5 
8.2 
7.0 
10.8 

22 

12 
7.0 
5.0 

4.2 


2.40 
2.50 
2.75 
2.55 
2.45 

2.40 
2.35 
2.30 
2.30 
2.35 

2.45 
2.70 
2.50 
2.65 
2.65 

2.55 
2.65 
2.60 
2.55 
2.65 

5.05 
4.00 
3.65 
3.55 
3.40 

3.50 
3.40 
3.35 
3.40 
3.35 
3.30 


3.4 
5.0 

10,8 
6.0 
4.2 

3.4 
2.7 
2.0 
2.0 
2.7 

4.2 
9.5 
5.0 

8.2 
8.2 

6.0 

8.2 
7.0 
6.0 

8.2 

173 
45 
27 
23 
17 

21 

17 
16 
17 
16 
14 


3.35 
3.45 
3.40 
3.35 
3.30 

3.35 
5.80 
4.10 
3.85 
3.80 

4.80 
4.25 
3.95 
3.80 
3.75 

3.70 
3.65 
3.60 
4.00 
3.80 

3.80 
3.75 
3.65 
3.65 
3.60 

3.60 
3.55 
3.55 
3.50 
3.50 
3.45 


16 
19 
17 
16 
14 

- 16 

208 

38 

26 

23 

86 
47 
30 
23 
21 

19 
17 
15 
33 
23 

23 
21 
17 
17 
15 

15 
14 
14 
12 
12 
10 


3.45 
3.45 
3.40 
3.45 
3.45 

3.40 
3.40 
3.40 
3.45 
3.40 

3.40 
3.40 
3.35 
3.35 
3.35 

3.40 
3.45 
3.50 
3.50 
3.45 

3.45 
3.45 
3.40 


10 


2 






10 


3 






9 


4 






10 


5 






10 


6 








9 








9 


8 






9 


9 






10 


10 






9 


13 






9 


12 






9 


13 






8 


14 






8 


15 


2.60 

2.55 
2.50 
2.45 
2.45 
2.45 

2.40 
2.40 
2.45 
2.40 
2.35 

2.35 
2.35 
2.35 
3.05 

2.85 
2.60 


7.0 

6.0 
5.0 
4.2 
4.2 
4.2 

3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 

2.7 

2.7 
2.7 
2.7 

22 

14 
7.0 


8 


16 


9 


17 


10 




12 


19 '. 


12 




10 




10 


22 


10 




9 


24 










26 






27 












29 












31 
















Mean discharge. 




5.77 
0.335 

0.21 
22 
2.7 
B 




12.1 
0.704 

0.79 
41 
3.4 
B 




16.0 
0.930 

1.07 
173 
2.0 

C 




28.3 
1.65 

1.90 

208 

10 

c 




9.52 


S e c n d- f e e t per 
square niile 




0.553 


inches on drainage 
area) 




0,47 


Maximum 




12 






8 


Accuracy 




B 









FOX CREEK AT ROLF's CLAIM. 

This station was established on Fox Creek at Frank Rolf's mining 
claim, about 3 miles above the mouth of the creek and just below 
Lucky Gulch, on June 19, 1911, and daily gage readings were obtained 
in 1911 and 1912. The channel at the station shifted at times of 
high water. In consequence of this and of the infrequent discharge 
measurements, the ratings are not very well defined and the results 
are only approximate. 

Discharge measurements of Fox Creek at Rolfs claim, 1911-12. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 19.. 


1911. 


Feet. 
1.67 
1.58 


Sec.-ft. 
4.42 
3.84 


May 22 . 


1912. 


Feet. 
1.20 
1.35 
1.31 


Sec.-ft. 
1.26 


Aug. 12 


June 22 


2.44 






Sept. 1 


4.69 









152 SUKPACE WATER StJPPLY OF YUKON-TANAKA KEGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fox Creeh at Rolfs claim for 

1911-12. 



[Drainage area, 8.3 square miles. Observer, Frank Rolf.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Jvme. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


1 

03 


6 

c3 


-1-5 

•| 
1 


a 

o 

w 

s 


-(-5 
03 


o 

CO 

ft 


t 


CO 

P 


53 

® 

C3 
O 


CO 

s 


CD 
bjO 
C3 
O 


05 

o 

CO 

ft 


1911. 
1 






1.42 
1.42 
1.42 
1.42 
1.42 

1.42 
1.42 
1.46 
1.42 
1.42 

1.42 
1.40 
1.37 
1.37 
1.37 

1.33 
1.33 
1.33 
1.33 
1.33 


2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 

2.5 
2.5 

2.8 
2.5 
2.5 

2.5 
2.3 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 


1.54 
1.50 
1.50 
1.46 
1.46 

1.42 
1.42 
1.42 
1.42 
1.52 

1.75 
1.62 
1.58 
1.58 
2.00 

1.96 
1.96 
2.00 
1.86 
1.79 


3.4 
3.1 
3.1 

2.8 
2.8 

2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
3.3 

5.1 
4.1 
3.7 
3.7 
7.3 

6.9 
6.9 
7.3 
6.0 
5.4 


1911— Con. 
21 


1.58 
1.58 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 

1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.42 
1.42 


3.7 
3.7 
3.1 
3.1 
3.1 

3.1 
3.1 
3.1 
2.5 
2.5 


2.00 
1.92 
1.71 
1.58 
1.58 

1.75 
1.79 
1.71 
1.62 
1.62 
1.58 


7.3 
6.6 
4.8 
3.7 
3.7 

5.1 
5.4 
4.8 
4.1 
4.1 
3.7 


1.67 
1.65 
1.60 
1.58 
1.54 

1.54 
1.54 
1.54 
1.54 
1.54 
1.58 


5,3 


2 






22 


4.3 


3 






23 


3.9 


4 






24 


3.7 


5 






25 


3.4 


6 






26 


3.4 








27 


3.4 


8 






28 


3.4 


9 






29 


3.4 


10 






30 


3.4 








31 


3.7 


11 


Mean dis- 
charge . . 








12 








3.58 
0.443 

0.21 
6.6 
2.5 
C 




3.26 
0.393 

0.45 
7.3 
1.8 
C 






13 






4.07 


14 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 














0.490 


16 


R u n - f f 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area) 






17 








18 


1.92 
1.71 
1.62 


6.6 

4.8 
4.1 




19 




20 


0.56 




Maximum . . 
Minimum . . 




7.3 
2.5 




Accuracy 




C 











SEVENTYMILE KlVEB DRAINAGE BASIK. 



153 



Daily gage height, in feet^ and discharge, in second-feet, of Fox Creek at Rolf's claim for 

19 11-1 2 —Continued . 





May. 


Jime. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






1.35 
1.90 
1.60 
1.40 
1.25 

1.15 
1.15 
1.60 
1.85 
1.65 

1.45 
1.40 
1.40 
1.35 
1.40 

1.55 
1.35 
1.25 
1.40 
1.30 

1.25 
1.35 
1.35 
1.45 
1.55 

1.60 
1.45 
1.30 
1.25 
1.15 


2.4 
11.5 
5.4 
2.9 
1.6 

1.0 
1.0 
5.4 
10.2 
6.2 

3.4 
2.9 
2.9 
2.4 
2.9 

4.7 
2.4 
1.6 
2.9 
2.0 

1.6 
2.4 
2.4 
3.4 
4.7 

5.4 
3.4 
2.0 
1.6 
1.0 


1.15 
1.40 
1.60 
1.40 
1.25 

1.15 
1.15 
1.10 
1.10 
1.25 

1.55 
1.55 
1.40 
1.65 
1.55 

1.40 
1.40 
1.45 
1.40 
1.50 

2.30 
1.85 
1.65 
1.70 
1.55 

1.70 
1.60 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.40 


1.0 
2.9 
5.4 
2.9 
1.6 

1.0 
1.0 

.8 

.8 

1.6 

4.7 
4.7 
2.9 
6.2 

4.7 

2.9 
2.9 
3.4 
2.9 
4.0 

23 
16 
11 
12 
9.0 

12 
10 

8.0 
8.0 
8.0 
6.0 


1.45 
1.40 
1.40 
1.40 
1.40 

1.40 
2.00 
1.80 
1.60 
1.60 

1.90 
1.90 
1.75 
1.65 
1.60 

1.60 
1.60 
1.60 
1.65 
1.55 

1.60 
1.55 
1.50 
1.50 
1.45 

1.40 
1.40 
1.40 
1.40 
1.35 
1.35 


7.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 

6.0 
21 
15 
10 
10 

18 
18 
14 
11 
10 

10 
10 
10 
11 
9.0 

10 
9.0 
8.0 
8.0 
7.0 

6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
5.3 
5.3 


1.35 
1.35 
1.35 
1.35 
1.35 


5.3 


2 






5.3 


3 






5.3 


4 






5.3 


5 






5.3 


6 








7 










8 










9 










10 










11. 










12. 










13 . . 










14 










15 






1 


16 








17 








18 










19 










20 











21 










22 


1.25 
1.20 
1.15 
1.15 

1.15 
1.15 
1.20 
1.90 
1.60 
1.40 


1.6 
1.3 
1.0 
1.0 

1.0 
1.0 
1.3 
11.5 
5.4 
2.9 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27. . . . 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge. 




2.80 
0.337 

0.13 
11.5 
1.0 
C 




3.45 
0.416 

0.46 
11.5 
1.0 
C 




5.85 
0.705 

0.81 
23 
0.8 
C 




9.37 
1.13 

1.30 
21 
5.3 
C 




5.30 


Second -feet per 
square mile 




0.639 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.12 


Maximum 




5.3 


Minimum 




5.3 


Accuracy 




C 









154 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKOK-TAKAKA REGION", ALASKA. 
MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made 
in the Seventy mile River drainage basin, 1910 to 1912: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Seventymile River drainage basin, 1910-1912. 



Date. 



Aug. 

June 

July 

Sept. 

June 

June 

June 

Sept. 

June 

June 

June 

June 

July 



July 18 
Do. 
June 25 
Aug. 7 
June 26 
July 20 

June 18 
June 26 
June 24 
June 22 

Sept. 9 



June 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

June 

Aug. 

June 

June 

July 

June 

Sept. 

Aug. 

June 

Aug. 

Sept. 

July 

Aug. 

June 

Sept. 

June 

June 

Aug. 

Aug. 

June 

Sept. 



1911 
1910 
19]0 
1910 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1910 
1911 
1911 
1912 
1912 

1910 



1911 
1911 
1912 
1912 

1910 
1911 
1912^ 
1910 

1912 

1911 
1911 
1911 
1912 
1910 
1910 
1911 
1911 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1911 
1910 
1910 
1910 
1911 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1911 
1911 
1911 
1911 
1912 
1912 



Stream. 



Seventymile River . 
Flume Creek ditch . 

do 

do 

Deep Creek 

do 

do 

do 

Nugget Creek 

do 

do 

do 

East Fork Granite 

Creek. 

do 

Granite Creek 

do 

do 

do 

West Fork Granite 

Creek. 

Barney Creek 

do 

do 

Sonickson Creek 

ditch. 
Washington Creek 

ditch.^ 
Broken Neck Creek. 

do 

do 

do 

Mogul Creek 

do 

do 

do.. 

do 

do 

do. 

Curtis Bar Creek . . . 

Bryant Creek 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Rock Creek 

do 

do..... 

do ■ 

do 

do 



Tributary to— 



Yukon River. 



Seventymile River 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Granite Creek. . . 



.do. 



Seventymile River 

do 

do 

do 

Granite Creek. . . 



Seventymile River 

do 

do 



Seventymile River 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

.....do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 



Locality, 



Above Granite Creek. 

Near outlet 

do 

do 

Mouth 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

1 mile above forks 



Above forks 

Below forks 

Mouth , 

do 

do 

i;^ miles above forks. . 



Mouth . 

do. 

do. 

Outlet. 



Intake . 



Mouth 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

2 miles above mouth . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Bridge 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

53.2 
2.6 
2.5 
3.5 
3.1 

a .8 

a 1.1 
2.68 
3.47 
0.9 
0.4 
a. 8 

25.2 

10.4 

22 
195 

40.2 
190 

27.9 

4.3 
a. 8 
2.2 

2.8 

3.51 

1.3 

O.60 
1.12 
1.06 
79 
47 
120 
63.6 
69.9 
67.2 
50.5 
al.8 
21 
27 
19.2 
57.5 
50.4 
16.0 
18.9 
0.6 
a. 4 
a. 9 
al.2 
1.41 
2.19 



Drain- 
age 
area. 



Sq. mi. 
207 



4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
45.6 



112 
138 
138 
138 
41. 



2.9 

2.9 

2.9 

2.9 

64.4 

64.4 

64.4 

64.4 

64.4 

64. 

64. 

1 

21. 

21. 

21.4 

21.4 

21.4 

21.4 

21.4 

7.3 

7.3 

7.3 

7.3 

7.3 

7.3 



Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 



Sec.-ft. 
0.26 



.65 
.17 
.23 
.56 
.17 
.33 
.15 
.30 
.55 

.15 

.20 
1.41 

.30 
1.38 

.67 



.45 
.21 
.38 
.37 

1.23 
.73 

1.87 
.99 

1.08 

1.04 
.78 

1.06 
.98 

1.26 
.90 

2.69 

2.35 
.75 
.88 
.082 
.055 
.12 
.16 
.19 
.30 



a Discharge estimated. 
WASHINGTON CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



Washington Creek rises in the divide north of the Seventymile and 
flows northward for about 25 miles to a junction with the Yukon. 
At the head the basin is about 18 miles wide and is drained by several 
large tributaries which reach from Barney Creek on the east to a 



BIECH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 155 

point about opposite Flume Creek on the west. Ten miles below the 
head the basin is abruptly contracted to a width of about 6 miles, 
and it averages about that width to the mouth. The headwaters flow 
through broad valleys, which have gentle slopes rising to a uniform 
altitude of about 3,000 feet. The drainage area above the mouth is 
190 square miles. 

Just below the junction of two small feeders, which form the head- 
waters of the main stream and rise in the divide west of Barney Creek, 
a measurement was made August 31, 1910, to determine the quantity 
of water available on that day for diversion over the divide to be 
used for hydraulicking on Pleasant Creek, a small stream entering 
Seventymile River from the north just above Barney Creek. No 
accurate survey had been made, and it is doubtful if water could be 
carried over the divide in a ditch with the intake below the forks. 
It was difiicult to obtain an accurate measurement because the stream 
flows through a flat swampy area, in a deep-cut channel with over- 
hanging muck banks. A discharge of 0.78 second-foot was recorded. 

In 1910 a ditch was constructed which diverted from one of the 
above-mentioned smaU feeders to a bench on Pleasant Creek. The 
maintenance of the ditch has given endless trouble, and the available 
water supply has been found entirely inadequate for mining. 

BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Birch Creek flows into Yukon River almost exactly on the Arctic 
Circle and about 25 miles directly west of Fort Yukon. Its mouth 
is about 5 miles west of the confluence of Chandalar River with the 
Yukon. 

The drainage comes almost entirely from the south and west 
through a complex system of water courses, and in outline the basin 
is extremely asymmetric. The headwaters interlock with those 
of Chena and Chatanika rivers. The creek is formed by the junction 
of Eagle and Ptarmigan creeks and flows southwestward for about 7 
miles to the mouth of Twelvemile Creek, where it turns abruptly to 
the south and foUows that direction for about 8 miles. It then 
receives the waters of Harrington Fork and takes an easterly course 
for about 45 miles to its confluence with the South Fork. The river 
then makes a sharp turn north and about 12 miles farther on leaves 
the mountainous country and enters the lowlands of the Yukon, 
through which it meanders sluggishly for over 100 miles, roughly 
paraUeling the Yukon at a distance varying from 10 to 20 miles. 
Some of the tributaries from the right in downstream order are Fish, 
Bear, and Twelvemile creeks, Harrington Fork, Malburn, and Acme 
creeks, Clum Fork, McLean, Wolf, and Sheep creeks, and South Fork. 
From the left, in downstream order, Birch Creek receives Golddust, 



156 SURFACE WATEB BtJPPLY OF YUKOIST-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Butte, Fryingpan, Great Unknown, Harrison, Buckley Bar, Crooked, 
and Preacher creeks. 

The topography of the Birch Creek basin (see PL VI, A) is similar 
to that prevailing throughout the Yukon-Tanana region. All the 
tributary streams rise at about the same elevation and near their 
heads all have steep grades which gradually diminish as they approach 
the main stream. 

No lakes or natural reservoir sites occur at an elevation sufficient 
to furnish storage for increasing the water supply for hydraulic 
mining. 

A description of the Crooked Creek basin with the stream-flow data 
gathered therein will be given separate consideration. (See p. 181 .) 

BIRCH CREEK ABOVE TWELVEMILE CREEK. 

This station was established June 12, 1911. The gage was located 
on the right bank of Birch Creek about a mile above the mouth of 
Twelvemile Creek. No gage heights were obtained during 1912. 

The rating curve is well defined below 40 second-feet and is fairly 
well defined for all stages up to 300 second-feet. 



Discharge measurements of Birch Creek above Twelvemile Creek, 


1911-12 




Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911, 
June 12 


Feet. 
4.37 
3.10 
2.86 
2.89 


Sec.-ft. 
227 
24 
12.3 
13.7 


1912. 
July 18 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
27 


July 18 


Aug. 18 


3.48 


82 


Aug. 3 






14 









BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



157 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch Creek above Twelvemile 

Creek for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 88 square miles. Observer, John Olsen.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






5.5 

4.95 

4.3 

4.5 

4.1 

4.75 

4.1 

3.75 

3.5 

3.45 

3.45 
3.45 
3.25 
3.25 
3.25 

3.25 

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.05 

3.0 

3.05 

3.0 

2.95 

2.95 

2.95 

2.95 

2.95 

2.9 

2.9 

2.9 


550 
388 
210 
263 
161 

331 
161 

91 

58 

53 

53 
53 
35 
35 
35 

35 
24 
24 
24 
21 

18.3 

21 

18.3 

16.2 

16.2 

16.2 
16.2 
16.2 
14.0 
14.0 
14.0 


2.9 

2.85 

2.85 

2.85 

2.85 

2.8 

2.85 

2.85 

2.9 

2.9 

2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
3.5 

3.7 

3.7 

3.6 

3.55 

3.5 

3.45 

3.4 

3.35 

3.3 

3.2 

3.15 

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.0 

3.0 


14.0 
12.0 
12.0 
12.0 
12.0 

10.0 
12.0 
12.0 
14.0 
14.0 

14.0 
14.0 
14.0 
14.0 

58 

83 
83 
70 
64 
58 

53 
48 
44 
39 
31 

28 

24 

24 

24 

18.3 

18.3 


3.1 
3.2 
3.3 
3.4 
3.35 

3.35 
3.25 
3.15 
3.15 
3.1 

3.2 

3.25 

3.25 

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3.2 

3.2 

3.15 

3.15 

3.15 

3.1 

3.2 

3.25 

3.25 

3.2 

3.25 

3.2 


24 


2 






31 


3 






39 


4 






48 


5 






44 


6.. 






44 


7 






35 


8 






28 


9 






28 


10 






24 


11 






31 


12 


4.35 
4.95 
5.25 
5.35 

5.1 
5.2 
5.1 
5.0 


223 

388 
475 
505 

431 
460 
431 
402 
340 

280 
270 
260 
200 
180 

170 
240 
160 
110 
170 


35 


13 


35 


14 


39 


15 


39 


16 


39 


17 


31 


18 


31 




28 


20 


28 


21 




28 






24 


23 




31 


24 




35 


25 




35 


26 




31 


27 





35 


28 




31 


29 






30 : 






























300 
3.41 

2.41 
505 
110 

B 




89.9 
1.02 

1.18 
550 
14.0 
B 


- - - - "^ - " 


30.6 

0.348 

0.40 
83 
10.0 
A 




33.2 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.377 


Riin-ofE (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.39 






48 


Minimum 




24 


Accuracy 




A 









BIRCH CREEK BELOW TWELVEMILE CREEK. 

This station was established June 12, 1911. The gage was located 
on the right bank of Birch Creek about a mile below the mouth of 
Twelvemile Creek. The gage datum remained constant during 1911, 
but was lowered at the beginning of the 1912 records. On June 25, 
1912, the gage was removed by high water. A new gage was at once 
installed a short distance above the original location. A rating curve 
entirely independent of previous measurements was used at the new 
section. 



158 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Birch Creeh below Twelvemile Creek in 1911-12. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 12 . . 


1911. 


Feet. 
5.61 
5.46 
3.80 
3.55 
3.65 


Sec.-ft. 

647 

489 

35 

20 

25 


June 6.. 

8.. 

July 18.. 

Aug. 17.. 


1912. 


Feet. 
4.65 
4.30 
3.28 
3.56 
3.57 
3.77 


Sec.-ft. 
218 


13.. 






138 


July 18.. 






43 


Aug. 2 . . 






102 


14.. 




18.. 
Sept. 5.. 




103 








160 









Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of North Fork of Birch Creeh 
below Twelvemile Creeh for 1911-12. 

[Drainage area, 141 square miles. Observer, J. E.. Parkin.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 








900 
630 
290 
310 
240 

420 
290 
160 
100 
80 

66 
65 
54 
45 
45 

41 
35 
34 
32 
32 

30 

27 
26 
24 
23 

23 
24 
22 
22 
21 
21 


3.55 
3.54 
3.54 
3.54 

""3." 56" 

3.61 
3.56 
3.58 
3.63 
4.14 

4.50 
4.44 
4.45 

'"3." 78' 
3.76 
3.75 
3.74 
3.73 


20 

19.6 

19.6 

19.6 

19 

19 
20 
20 
20 
20 

23 
20 
21 
24 
72 

144 
130 
132 
120 
110 

90 
80 
70 
60 
50 

40 
34 
32 
32 
31 
30 


3.77 
3.85 

3.91 
3.90 
3.88 
3.85 
3.90 

4.02 
4.05 
4.05 
4.09 
4.01 

4.02 
3.95 
3.91 
3.88 
3.82 

3,85 
3.83 
3.85 
3.86 
3.88 

4.01 
4.16 
4.20 
4.16 
4.15 


33 
. 39 
40 
41 
42 

44 
43 
41 
39 
43 

56 
60 
60 
65 
54 

56 
48 
44 
41 
37 

39 
37 
39 
40 
41 

54 
75 
81 
75 

74 


4.09 


65 


2 










3 












4 












5 












6 












7 












8 












9 












10 












11. . . 






4.10 
4.09 
4.01 
3.92 
3.92 

3.87 
3.80 
3.78 
3.76 
3.75 

3.73 
3.69 
3.66 
3.64 
3.61 

3.62 
3.64 
3.60 
3.59 
3.58 
3.57 






12 


5.50 
5.64 
5.60 
5.76 

5.82 
5.96 
5.73 
5.51 
5.23 

5.12 
4.53 
4.92 
4.86 
4.70 

4.62 
4.96 
4.64 
4.42 
4.70 


544 
627 
602 
704 

744 
842 
684 
550 
401 

350 
276 
272 
251 
199 

176 
287 
182 
125 
199 






13 






14. 






15. 






16 






17 






18... 






19... 






20 






21 






22 






23... 






24 






25 






26. 






27 






28. 






29... 






30... . 






31... . 




















Mean discharge 




422 
2.99 

2.11 

842 
125 
B 




133 
0.943 

1.09 
900 
21 
B 




49.7 
0.352 

0.41 
144 
19 
A 




49.4 
0.350 

0.40 
81 
33 

A 






Second-feet per 
square mile 








Run-off (depth in 
area) 
















Minimum 


























BIKCH CEEEK DEAIISTAGE BASIN. 



159 



Dailg gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of North Fork of Birch Creek 
below Twelvemile Creek for 1911-12 — Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 


6.1 

6.1 

5.80 

5.20 

4.90 

4.70 
4.46 
4.35 
4.34 
4.25 

4.10 
4.50 
4.90 
4.80 
5.00 

5.60 
5.35 
5.45 
5.65 
5.10 

4.95 
5.30 
6.5 
6.1 


1,060 

1,060 

835 

460 

322 

248 
172 
144 
142 
121 

90 
183 
322 
284 
364 

695 
542 
600 
729 
410 

343 

513 

1,410 

1,060 

738 

417 
302 
218 
157 
121 


3.54 
3.55 
3.52 
3.41 
3.38 

3.31 
3.30 
3.28 
3.26 
3.24 

3.27 
3.26 
3.24 
3.29 
3.30 

3.27 
3.28 
3.28 
3.28 
3.28 

3.27 
3.26 

'**3.'28' 
3.26 

3.32 
3.34 
3.38 
3.39 
3.38 
3.34 


96 
98 
91 
67 
61 

49 
47 
44 
41 
38 

42 
41 
38 
46 

47 

42 

44 
44 
44 
44 

42 
41 
42 
44 
41 

51 
54 
61 
63 
61 
54 


3.30 
3.28 
3.26 
3.31 
3.30 

3.30 
3.72 
3.85 
3.66 
3.56 

3.95 
4.20 
3.98 
3.82 
3.72 

3.64 
3.56 
3.52 
3.50 
3.50 

3.48 
3.46 
3,46 
3.46 
3.47 

3.52 
3.59 
3.57 
3.55 
3.51 
3.51 


47 
44 
41 
49 
47 

47 
144 
186 
127 
100 

222 
323 
233 
176 
144 

121 

100 

91 

86 

86 

82 
78 
78 
78 
80 

91 
108 
103 

98 
88 
88 


3.52 
3.61 
3.67 
3.79 
3.80 

3.74 
3.70 
3.68 
3.68 
3.64 

3.61 
3.59 
3.60 
3.52 
3.60 

3.65 
3.84 
4.11 
4.02 
4.09 

4.08 
4.00 
3.90 
3.84 
3.79 

3.72 
3.72 
3.71 
3.70 
3.70 


91 
113 
130 
166 
169 

150 
138 
132 
132 
121 

113 
108 
110 
91 
110 

124 

183 
284 
248 
276 

272 
240 
203 
183 
166 

144 
144 
141 
138 
138 


3.68 
3.68 
3.62 
3.58 
3.59 

3.60 
3.60 
3.52 
3.54 
3.52 

3.50 
3.49 
3.50 


132 


2 


132 


3 


116 


4 


105 


5 


108 


6 


110 


7 


110 


8 


91 


9 


96 


10 


91 


11 


86 


12 


84 


13 


86 


14 




15 






16 






17 






18 






19. - 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 


4.4 

4.15 

3.94 

3.76 

3.64 






27 






28 












30 






31 


















Mean discharge. 




469 
3.33 

3.72 
1,410 
90 
C 




52.2 
0.370 

0.43 

98 
38 
A 




109 
0.773 

0.89 
323 
41 
A 




159 
1.13 

1.26 
276 
91 
A 




104 


Second-feet per 
square mile 




0.738 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.36 






132 


Minimum 




84 






A 









BIRCH CREEK BELOW GREAT UNKNOWN CREEK. 



This station was established June 5, 1912. The gage was located 
on the right bank of Birch Creek about 100 feet below the mouth of 
Great Unknown Creek. The rating curve is well defined between 120 
and 400 second-feet. All measurements were made by wading. The 
measuring section was good and the channel seemed to be fairly 
permanent. 



160 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch Creeh below Great Unknown 

Creehfor 1912. 

[Drainage area, 376 square miles. Observer, F. C. SutlifE.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






3.65 
3.55 
3.75 
3.55 
3.42 

3.35 

"'3.'20' 
3,15 

3.18 
3.20 
3.16 
3.19 
3.22 

3.20 
3.20 
3.25 
3.25 
3.25 

3.22 
3.20 
3.19 
3.18 
3.18 

3.19 
3.22 
3.35 

'"'3.' 30' 


218 
186 
253 
186 
153 

138 
130 
120 
113 
106 

110 
113 
107 
112 
116 

113 
113 
120 
120 
120 

116 
113 
112 
110 
110 

112 
116 
138 
135 
132 
128 


3.28 
3.20 

"'"3.' 26' 

3.18 
3.55 
4.10 
3.80 
3.65 

3.80 
4.55 

3.65 
3.60 
3.60 
3.50 
3.49 

3.42 
3.40 
3.42 
3.46 
3.50 

"'"3." 80' 
3.75 


125 
113 
113 
113 
113 

110 
186 
400 
272 
218 

272 
626 
524 
422 
320 

218 
201 
201 
172 
170 

153 
148 
153 
162 
172 

240 
300 
290 
280 
272 
253 


3.70 

""'3.' 95" 
4.00 

""3.' 85' 
3.80 
3.75 
3.70 

3.69 
3.65 

'"'3.' 60' 
3.68 

3.80 
4.20 
4.55 
4.50 

"'3.' 80' 


234 
272 
300 
344 
355 

320 
292 
272 
253 
234 

231 
218 
210 
201 

227 

272 
448 
626 
599 
610 

500 
400 
340 
320 
310 

300 
290 
280 
270 
272 


3.80 
3.80 
3.75 
3.69 
3.68 

3.70 
3.65 
3.65 
3.60 
3.60 

3.52 
3.49 
3.42 
3.30 
3.32 

3.28 
3.25 
3.22 


272 


2 






272 


3 






253 


4 






231 


5 


4.10 
4.05 


355 

378 
345 
313 
378 
355 

292 
424 
759 
652 
800 

900 
850 
900 
1,740 
985 

705 

814 

2,260 

2,520 

2,200 

1,350 

759 
547 
378 
292 


227 


6 


234 


7 


218 


8 


3.90 
4.05 
4.00 

3.85 
4.15 
4.8 
4.60 


218 


9 


201 


10 


201 


11 


178 


12 


170 


13 


153 


14 


128 


15 


132 


16 




125 


17 




120 


18 




116 


19 . . 


6.4 
5.2 

4.70 

4.9 

7.2 

7.6 

7.1 

5.8 

4.8 

4.4 

4.05 

3.85 




20. 






21. 






22. 






23 






24 






25. 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean discharge. 




856 

2.28 

2.20 
2,520 
292 
D 




131 

0.348 

0.40 
253 
106 

A 




236 
0.628 

0.72 
626 
110 

B 




327 
0.870 

0.97 
626 
201 

B 


j! 


192 


Second -feet per 
square mile 




0.511 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 




0.34 


Maximum 




272 


Minirrmm. . 




116 


Accuracy 




B 









Note.— Discharges on days of missing gage heights were estimated by aid of comparative hydrographs. 
BIRCH CREEK BELOW CLUMS FORK. 

This station was established June 8, 1911. The gage was located 
on the right bank of Birch Creek just below the mouth of McLean 
Creek and about 3 miles below Clums Fork. Conditions at the sta- 
tion were favorable for accuracy. The, rating curve is fairly well 
defined for low and medium stages. Measurements were made from 
a boat at high and medium water and by wading at low water. 



BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
Discharge measurements of Birch Creek below Cluins Fork, 1910-11. 



161 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 8 


1910. 


Feet. 
4.38 
4.46 
4.06 


Sec.-ft. 
527 
592 
386 


June 10.. 
Aug. 1.. 


1911. 


Feet. 
5.03 
2.15 


Sec.-ft. 
1,600 


25 




61 


July 26 











Note.— Zero of 1910 gage was 0.90 foot below that of 1911. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch Creeh below Clums Fork 

for 1910-11. 

[Drainage area, 600 square miles. Observers: Mrs. F. Warren, 1910; Robert Warren, 1911.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






5.14 
4.50 
4.08 
3.85 
6.90 

5.60 
4.85 
4.38 
4.12 
3.98 

3.85 
3.82 
3.88 
3.75 
3.60 

3.48 
3.45 
3.80 
4.12 
3.85 

3.68 
3.66 
3.78 
4.40 
4.42 

3.99 
3.80 
3.68 

3. re 

3.90 
4.75 


1,010 
604 
391 
296 

2,440 

1,340 
816 
539 
409 
349 

296 
284 
307 
258 
207 

169 
161 
276 
409 
296 

233 
227 
269 
550 
561 

353 
276 
233 
194 
340 
752 


4.40 
4.15 
3.99 
3.79 
3.69 

3.64 
3.54 
3.50 
3.46 
3.40 

3.40 
3.38 
3.32 
3.30 
3.31 

3.30 
3.32 
4.00 
5.99 
5.30 

4.70 
4.45 
4.38 
4.22 
4.44 

4.80 
4.74 
4.88 
4.66 
4.49 
4.35 


550 
424 
353 
272 
237 

220 
188 
175 
164 
147 

147 
142 
125 
120 
123 

120 

125 

357 

1,650 

1,120 

720 
577 
539 

457 
572 

783 
745 
835 
696 
599 
524 


4.22 
4.32 
4.28 
4.30 
4.61 

4.95 
4.64 
4.48 
4.38 
4.30 

4.26 
4.18 
4.09 
4.15 
6.10 

6.15 
6.05 
5.82 
5.42 
4.90 

4.80 
4.58 
4.48 
4.42 
4.45 

4.49 
4.42 
4.41 
4.35 
4.18 


457 


2 






508 


3 






487 


4 






497 


5 






666 


6 






881 


7 






684 


8 


4.34 
4.43 
6.32 

6.90 
6.95 
5.66 
4.90 
4.50 

4.50 
4.36 
4.23 
4.06 
4.04 

4.10 
6.37 
5.26 
4.72 
4.24 

4.05 
3.97 
4.09 
5.32 
5.96 


518 

566 

1,920 

2,440 

2,480 

1,390 

848 

604 

604 
529 
462 
383 
374 

400 

1,960 

1,090 

733 

467 

378 

344 

390 

1,130 

1,630 


593 


9 


539 


10 


497 


11 


477 


12 


438 


13 


396 


14 


424 


15 


1,740 


16 


1,780 


17 


1,700 
1,520 
1,200 


18 


19 


20 


848 


21 


783 


22 


649 


23 


593 


24 


561 


25 


577 


26 


599 


27 


561 


28 


555 


20 


524 


30 


438 


31 














Mean discharge 




941 
1.57 

1.34 
2,480 
344 
B 




479 
0.798 

0.92 
2,440 
161 
A 




445 
0.742 

0.86 
1,650 
120 
A 





739 






1.23 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




1.37 


Maximum 




1.780 






390 


Accuracy 




A 









42913°— wsp 342—15- 



-11 



162 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAIirANA REGIOIlT, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch Creek below Clums 

Fork for 1910-11 — Continued. 





June. 


July. 


Aug 


ust. 


September. 


Day 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






3.48 
4.40 
4.95 
4.55 
4.35 

3.82 
4.35 
3.75 
3.25 
3.05 

2.98 
3.40 
3.00 
2.77 
2.72 

2.62 
2.55 
2.50 
2.44 
2.38 

2.36 
2.35 
2.31 

2.28 
2.28 

2.29 
2.28 
2.26 
2.26 
2.20 
2.18 


541 
1,120 
1,530 
1,220 
1,080 

733 
1,080 
691 
428 
341 

312 
500 
320 
232 
215 

182 
162 
147 
131 
115 

110 

108 
98 
90 
90 

93 
90 
86 
86 
72 
68 


2.15 

2.50 
2.62 
2.71 

2.78 
3.60 

4.75 
4.25 
4.05 
3.75 
3.44 

3.20 
2.98 
2.88 
2.79 
2.72 

2.72 

""2.'70' 

"'"2." 69" 
2.70 


62 
60 
55 
55 
55 

50 
50 
50 
80 
90 

147 
182 
211 
235 
604 

1,370 
1,010 

878 
691 
520 

405 
312 
272 
239 
215 

215 
210 

208 
208 
205 
208 


2.69 
2.76 
2.88 
2.90 
2.85 

2.69 
2.70 
2.69 
2.67 
2.65 

2.72 

2.85 

'"2." 85" 

2.78 
2.55 
2.42 
2.40 
2.36 

2.38 
2.42 
2.50 
2.58 
2.65 

2.85 

'"'3." 46" 


205 


2 






228 


3 






272 


4 






280 


5 






261 


6 






205 


7 






208 


8 






205 


9 


5.02 
4.97 

4.60 
4.66 
4.89 
4.80 
5.15 

5.09 
5.35 
5.80 
5.11 
4.68 

4.24 
4.00 
3.82 
3.80 
3.62 

3.35 
3.55 
3.65 
3.30 
3.45 


i,590 
1,550 

1,260 
1,300 
1,480 
1,410 
1,690 

1,640 
1,860 
2,270 
1,660 
1,320 

1,000 
845 
733 
721 
615 

476 
578 
628 
451 
526 


198 


10 


192 


11 


215 


12 


261 


13 


290 


14 


290 


15 


261 


16 


235 


17 


162 




125 


19 


120 


20 


110 


21 


115 


22 


125 


23 


147 


24 


170 


25 


192 


26 


261 


27 


450 


28 . . . ; 


500 


29 




30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




1,160 
1.93 

1.58 
2,270 
451 
B 




389 
0.648 

0.75 
1,530 
68 
A 




295 
0.492 

0.57 
1,370 
50 
A 


Z'.'.'.. 


224 






0.373 


Run-ofl (depth in inches on drainage 




0.39 


Maximum 




500 


Minimum 




110 


Accuracy 




A 









BIRCH CREEK ABOVE SHEEP CREEK. 

This station was established June 1, 1911. The gage was located 
on the left bank at Buckley Bar and about a mile above Sheep 
Creek. The measurements were made from a boat at high and 
medium water and by wading at low water. The station conditions 
were favorable for accuracy and the rating curve is well defined for 
all stages. 

Discharge measurements of Birch Creek above Sheep Creek in 1911-12. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 1 . . 


1911. 


Feet. 
6.54 
5.70 
2.74 
2.72 
4.33 


Sec.-ft. 

4,070 

2,840 

102 

104 

1,330 


May 28.. 


1912. 


Feet. 
3.84 
5.96 
3.05 


Sec.-ft. 
707 


2 


29 


2,880 


July 26 


July 14 


200 


28 






Aug. 18 









Note.— Zero of 1912 gage was 0.08 foot below that of 1911. 



BIRCH CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



163 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch CreeTc above Sheep Greek 

for 1911-12. 

[Drainage area, 873 square miles. Observer, Chas. H. Rogers.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 


6.54 
5.90 
6.26 
6.02 
6.16 

6.26 
6.33 

5.47 
5.52 
5.14 

4.76 
4.73 
5.32 
5.02 
5.24 

5.42 
5.33 
6.26 
5.44 
5.02 

4.49 
4.20 
4.02 
3.98 
3.79 

3.5S 
3.70 
3.72 
3.58 
3.70 


4,030 
3,150 
3,630 
3,310 
3,490 

3,630 
3,730 
2,590 
2,660 
2,200 

1,770 
1,730 
2,410 
2,050 
2,320 

2,530 
2,430 
3,630 
2,560 
2,050 

1,470 
1,170 

988 
952 

782 

610 
705 
722 
610 
705 


3.72 
4.12 
5.25 
4.64 
4.53 

4.08 
4.27 
3.94 
3.52 
3.24 

3.14 
3.26 
3.16 
3.08 
2.99 

2.94 
2.94 
2.92 

2.88 
2.84 

2.81 
2.80 
2.78 
2.74 
2.72 

2.74 
2.74 
2.72 
2.76 
2.74 
2.73 


722 
1,090 
2,330 
1,630 
1,510 

1,040 

1,240 

916 

563 

366 

304 
379 
316 
269 
220 

195 
195 
185 
166 
148 

134 
130 
124 
111 
105 

111 
111 
105 
118 
111 
108 


2.71 
2.70 
2.68 
2.71 
2.68 

2.67 
2.65 
2.64 
2.66 
2.69 

'2." 94' 

4.90 
4.40 
4.32 
3.90 
3.92 

3.46 
3.32 
3.21 
3.12 
3.10 

3.04 
3.02 
3.03 
3.02 
3.01 


102 
99 
93 

102 
93 

90 

84 
82 
87 
96 

150 
195 
230 
300 
900 

1,920 

1,370 

1,290 

880 

898 

519 
419 
346 
292 
280 

247 
236 
242 
236 
230 
230 


"3."66' 

3.06 
3.12 
3.07 

3.04 
3.03 
2.99 
2.97 
2.96 

3.04 
3.14 
3.16 

3.18 
3.15 

3.14 
3.11 
3.10 
3.05 
3.04 

"'2.'94' 
3.02 
3.08 

3.14 
3.43 
3.59 
3.68 
3.64 


230 


2 


250 


3 


275 


4 


292 


5 


264 


6 


247 


7 


242 


8 


220 


9 


210 


10 


205 


11 


247 


12 


304 


13 


316 


14 


328 


15 


310 


16 


304 


17 


286 


18 


280 


19 


252 


20 


247 


21 


230 


22 


210 




195 


24 


236 


25 


269 


26 


304 


27 


497 


28 


617 


29 


689 


30 


657 


31 














Mean discharge 




2,150 
2.46 

2.74 
4,030 
610 
A 




486 
0.557 

0.64 
2,330 
105 
A 




398 
0.456 

0.53 
1,920 
82 
A 




307 






0.352 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




0.39 


Maximum 




689 






195 


Accuracy 




A 



164 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOI^-TAITANA EEGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch Creeh above Sheep Creek 

for 1911-12— Gontimied. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






6.3 
8.4 
7.1 
6.1 
5.0 

4.4 

4.10 

3.90 

4.00 

4.20 

3.95 
3.80 
5.4 
5.0 

'"e.'s" 

4.8 
5.2 
7.5 
9.5 
9.4 

7.1 
5.5 
4.7 
4.3 
3.8 


3,320 
6,370 
4,440 
3,060 
1,780 

1,190 
920 
755 
835 

1,010 

795 

680 

2,220 

1,780 

2,200 

2,500 
2,400 
3,000 
4,020 
2,200 

1,570 
2,000 
5,020 
8,100 
7,940 

4,440 
2.330 
1,470 
1,100 
680 


3.70 
3.50 
3.60 
3.50 
3.37 

3.26 
3.16 
3.10 
3.09 
3.06 

3.10 
3.10 
3.10 
3.09 
3.12 

3.10 
3.08 
3.09 
3.13 
3.13 

3.15 
3.16 
3.13 
3.12 
3.08 

3.05 
3.09 
3.24 
3.30 
3.26 
3.19 


605 
465 
535 
465 
382 

316 

258 
225 
220 
203 

225 
225 
225 
220 
236 

225 
. 214 

220 
. 242 

242 

252 
258 
242 
236 
214 

198 
220 
304 
340 
316 
274 


3.12 
3.11 
3.08 
3.08 
3.06 

3.06 
3.60 
4.20 
3.90 
3.65 

3.95 
4.80 

*"3."66' 
3.55 
3.50 
3.43 

3.36 
3.34 
3.30 
3.30 
3.36 

3.41 

3.75 
3.85 
3.80 
3.65 
3.60 


236 
230 
214 
214 
203 

203 

535 

1,010 

755 

570 

795 
1,570 
1,200 
1,000 

800 

600 
535 
500 
465 
420 

376 
364 
340 
340 
376 

406 
642 
718 
680 
570 
535 


3.60 
3.90 
3.90 
3.90 
3.90 

3.90 
3. SO 
3.85 
3.70 
3.70 

3.65 
3.60 
3.55 

"3." 76' 

3.80 
3.90 
4.6 

4.7 

""s.'s" 

5.6 


535 
755 

755 
755 
755 

755 
680 
718 
605 
605 

570 
535 
500 
500 
605 

680 

755 

1,370 

1,470 

1,700 

2,000 
2,690 
2,450 


2 






3 






4 






5 






6 






7 






8 


4.7 
4.4 
4.7 

4.5 
4.7 
5.1 
5.9 
5.1 

5.6 
5.6 
5.0 
4.5 
4.35 

4.35 

4.30 

4.8 

4.5 

3.95 

3.75 

3.80 

3.80 

5.9 

6.0 

4.9 


1,470 
1,190 
1,470 

1,280 
1,470 
1,890 
2,810 
1,890 

2,450 
2,450 
1,780 
1,280 
1,140 

1,140 
1,100 
1,570 
1,280 
795 

642 

680 

680 

2,810 

2,930 

1,670 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge. 




1,580 
1.81 

1.62 
2,930 
642 
A 




2,670 
3.06 

3.41 
8,100 
680 
B 




284 
0.325 

0.37 
605 
198 

A 




561, 
0.643 

0.74 
1,570 
203 
A 




989 


Second-feet per 
square mile 




1.13 


Inches on drainage 
area) 




0.97 


Maximum 




2,690 
500 






Accuracy 




A 









- BIRCH CREEK AT FOURTEENMILE HOUSE. 

This station was established June 26, 1908. The gage, which was a 
vertical staff located on the left bank of Birch Creek just above the 
Alaska Road Commission ferry, was read morning and evening. It 
was set at a different level each season, and the published gage heights 
of different years are not comparable, for they have not been reduced 
to a common datum. Measurements were made from the ferry, 
except at extreme low water, when they were made by wading at the 
ford above the gage. The highest discharge measurements were 
obtained in 1911, and the direction of the curve for that year has been 
used to define the high-water curves for the other years. All the 
rating curves are fairly well defined for low and medium stages. The 
measuring conditions were fair, and the discharges as published should 
not vary far from the actual flow. 



BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN". 165 

Discharge measurements of Birch Creek at Fourteenmile House for 1908-1912. 



Date. 


Width. 


Area of 
section. 


Mean 
veloc- 
ity. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Width. 


Area of 
section. 


Mean 
veloc- 
ity. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 








Feet 












Feet 






1908. 


Feet. 


Si. ft. 


per sec. 


Feet. 


Sec. -ft. 


1911. 


Feet. 


Sq.ft. 


per sec. 


Feet. 


Sec. -ft. 


June 27 


220 


655 


1.62 


3.17 


1,060 


May 28 


300 


1,920 


3.74 


6.90 


7,190 


23 


215 


653 


1.60 


3.07 


1,040 


29 


295 


1,770 


3.58 


6.44 


6, .330 


Sept. 11 


264 


930 


2.18 


4.00 


2,060 


July 24 


200 


220 


1.40 


1.86 


a 308 


12 


252 


870 


2.02 


3.82 


1,720 


1912. 












1909. 












May 25 


278 


880 


1.82 


3.16 


1,600 


June 17 


275 


1,190 


2.75 


3.55 


3,270 


July 8 


232 


307 


1.92 


2.05 


a 589 


18 


278 


1,300 


3.15 


4.15 


4,090 


12 


227 


272 


1.76 


1.86 


a 478 


Aug. 8 


255 


868 


2.05 


2.43 


1,780 


Sept. 12 


251 


419 


2.46 


2.65 


o 1,030 


^ 1910. 
























June 5 


270 


1,020 


2.18 


3.12 


2,230 














July 18 


226 


459 


1.18 


1.16 


a 542 














19 


195 


619 


1.31 


1.63 


908 















a Wading measurements. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Birch Creeh at Fourteenmile 

House for 1908-1912. 





[Drainage area. 


2,150 square miles. Observer 


C. R.Bieger.] 










May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 










3.40 
3.10 
3.00 
3.30 
3.05 

3.00 

3.15 

3.9 

4.3 

4.2 

3.8 

3.45 

3.30 

3.10 

3.00 

3.00 
3.10 
3.05 
3.00 
2.90 

2.80 
2.70 
2.60 
2.60 
2.50 

2.50 
2.60 
2.65 
2.60 
2.60 
2.65 


1,330 
1,020 

940 
1,220 

982 

940 
1,070 
1,900 
2,450 
2,310 

1,780 
1,380 
1,220 
1,020 
940 

940 
1,020 
982 
940 
860 

785 
715 
655 
655 
600 

600 
655 
685 
655 
655 
685 


2.60 
2.55 
2.50 
2.50 
2.50 

2.50 
2.45 
2.40 
2.40 
3.50 

3.45 
3.25 
3.10 
3.00 
2.90 

2.90 
2.85 
2.90 
2.90 
2.95 

3.00 

3.20 

3.7 

3.6 

3.45 

3.45 

3.40 

3.35 

3.50 

3.8 

3.7 


655 
628 
600 
600 
600 

600 
575 
550 
550 
1,440 

1,380 

1,170 

1,020 

940 

860 

860 
822 
860 
860 
900 

940 
1,120 
1,660 
1,550 
1,380 

1,380 
1,330 
1,280 
1,440 
1,780 
1,660 


3.6 
3.7 
4.1 
5.6 
6.0 

5.8 
5.2 
5.1 
4.8 
4.3 

4.0 
3.9 
3.7 
3.7 
3.6 

3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.7 

3.6 

3.50 

3.35 

3.20 

3.10 

3.00 
2.90 
2.80 
2.70 


1,550 
1,660 
2,170 
4,700 
5,500 

5,100 
3,950 
3,770 
3,250 
2,450 

2,030 
1,900 
1,660 
1,660 
1,550 

1,550 
1,550 
1.550 
1,550 
1,660 

1,550 
1,440 
1,280 
1,120 
1,020 

940 
860 
785 
715 






2 














3 














4 














5 














6 














7 














8 














9 














10 














11 . . 














12 














13 














14 














15 














16 














17 














18 














19 




i 








20 














21 














22 














23 














24 














25 














26 






3.35 
3.20 
3.10 
3.08 
3.20 


1,280 
1,120 
1,020 
1,010 
1,120 






27 










28 










29 










30 










31 
































Mean dis- 
charge. . 








1,110 
0.516 

0.10 
1,280 
1,010 

A 




1,050 

0.488 

0.56 
2,450 
600 
A 




1,030 
0.479 

0.55 
1, 780 
550 
A 




2,090 
0.972 

1.05 
5, 500 
715 
A 






Second-feet per 
square mile. . 












Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 






















Minimum.. .. 












Accuracy 














1 




^^:;^:= 





166 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY OF YUKOIT-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch Creeh at Fourteenmile 

House for 1908-1912— GontimiQd.. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 






3.6 
3.7 
3.6 
3.5 
3.4 

3.3 
3.2 
3.0 

4.0 

7.2 

5.0 
4.4 
4.6 
4.5 
4.9 

4.2 
3.4 
4.1 
3.7 
3.2 

2.9 
2.6 
2.4 
2.5 
2.9 

3.2 
3.3 
3.2 
2.9 
2.6 


3,260 
3,410 
3,260 
3,110 
2, 970 

2,830 
2,690 
2,420 
3,910 
11,200 

5,850 
4,640 
5,020 
4,830 
5,640 

4,270 
2,970 
4,090 
3,410 
2,690 

2,300 
1,950 
1,740 
1,840 
2,300 

2,690 
2,830 
2,690 
2,300 
1,950 


2.4 
2.1 

2.0 

1.8 
1.8 

1.8 
1.8 
2.0 
2.1 
2.2 

2.4 
2.8 
4.0 
5.3 
7.0 

5.4 
3.8 
3.0 
2.2 
2.0 

2.0 
1.9 
1.8 
1.8 
1.6 

1.6 
1.5 
1.8 
3.0 
3.1 
3.4 


1,740 
1,450 
1,370 
1,210 
1,210 

1,210 
1,210 
1,370 
1,450 
1,540 

1,740 
2,180 
3,910 
6,520 
10, 700 

6,750 
3,570 
2,420 
1,540 
1,370 

1,370 
1,290 
1,210 
1,210 
1,050 

1,050 
980 
1,210 
2,420 
2,550 
2,970 


3.4 
3.1 
3.0 
3.2 

2.8 

2.5 
2.4 
2.4 
2.5 
3.0 

3.3 
2.9 
2.7 
2.6 
2.4 

2.2 
2.1 
2.0 
1.9 

1.8 

2.4 
2.6 
2.3 
2.1 
2.0 

1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.7 
1.6 
1.5 


2,970 
2,550 
2,420 
2,690 
2,180 

1,840 
1, 740 
1,740 
1,840 
2,420 

2,830 
2,300 
2,060 
1,950 
1,740 

1,540 
1,450 
1,370 
1,290 
1,210 

1,740 
1,950 
1,640 
1,450 
1,370 

1,210 
1,210 
1,210 
1,130 
1,050 
980 


1.5 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.3 

1.3 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.3 
1.3 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 


980 
910 
910 
910 
840 

840 

780 
780 
780 
780 

780 
780 
780 
780 
780 

780 
780 
840 
840 
780 

780 
780 
780 
780 
780 

780 
780 

780 
780 
780 


1.2 
1.2 


780 


2 






780 


3 








4 










6 










6 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 


4.2 

5.0 
6.2 
7.2 
8.1 
8.0 

7.8 
7.1 
6.2 
4.6 
4.3 

4.0 
4.0 
3.9 
3.8 
3.7 
3.6 


4,270 

5,850 

8,650 

11, 200 

13, 700 

13, 400 

12, 800 

11,000 

8,650 

5,020 

4,450 

3,910 
3,910 
3,740 
3,570 
3,410 
3,260 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 












22 












24 












26 






27 












29 












31 




















Mean dis- 
charge. . 
Second-feet per 
square mile.. 
Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 





7,110 
3.31 

2.09 
13, 700 
3,260 
B 




3,500 
1.63 

1.82 
11, 200 
1,740 
B 




2,320 
1.08 

1.24 
10, 700 
980 
B 




1,780 
0.828 

0.95 
2,970 
980 
A 




804 
0.374 

0.42 
980 
780 
B 




780 
0.363 

0.03 


Minimum 














B 









BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIK. 



167 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch Creek at Fourteenmile 

House for 1908-1912— Gontinued. 





May. 


Jime. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height.. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






4.5 
4.0 
3.6 
3.6 
3.2 

3.0 
2.7 
2.5 
2.4 
2.9 

4.4 
5.8 
5.1 
3.7 
3.1 

2.8 
2.6 
2.5 
2.3 
2.2 

2.1 
2.4 
4.0 
3.2 
2.3 

2.1 
2.0 
2.6 
4.5 


4,320 
3,460 
2, 860 
2,860 
2,320 

2,080 
1,750 
1,550 
1,460 
1,970 

4,140 
7,070 
5,500 
3,000 
2,200 

1,860 
1,650 
1,550 
1,370 
1,280 

1,200 
1,460 
3,460 
2,320 
1,370 

1,200 
1,120 
1,650 
4,320 
4,060 


4.2 
3.6 
2.9 
2.6 
2.5 

5.4 
3.8 
3.2 
2.7 
2.0 

1.8 
1.8 

"'i.'is' 

1.7 
2.0 

1.7 

1.6 

1.50 

1.6 

2.0 

2.0 

1.8 

1.6 

1.50 

1.50 

1.7 


3,800 
2,860 
1,970 
1,650 
1,550 

6,140 
3,150 
2,320 
1,750 
1,120 

970 
970 
900 
830 
760 

690 
620 
560 
900 
1,120 

900 
830 
760 
830 
1,120 

1,120 
970 
830 
760 
760 
900 


2.6 
2.3 

2.0 
1.8 
1.50 

1.45 
1.30 
1.20 
1.25 
1.30 

1.30 
1.20 
1.10 
1.00 
1.00 

.95 

.95 

1.00 

1.25 

2.8 

2.4 
2.2 
2.0 
1.8 
1.8 

2.1 
2.3 
2.2 
2.2 
2.1 
2.0 


1,650 

1,370 

1,120 

970 

760 

730 
640 
580 
610 
640 

640 
580 
530 
480 
480 

455 
455 
480 
610 
1, 860 

1,460 

1,280 

1,120 

970 

970 

1,200 
1,370 
1,280 
1,280 
1,200 
1,120 


1.8 
2.0 
2.3 
2.3 
2.2 

2.5 
2.6 
2.4 
2.2 
2.1 

2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 

3.6 
3.9 
3.9 
3.6 
3.2 

2.6 
.2.4 
2.3 
2.3 
2.2 

2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
2.2 
2.0 


970 
1,120 
1,370 
1,370 
1,280 

1,550 
1,650 
1,460 
1, 280 
1,200 

1,120 
1,120 
1,120 
1,120 
1,120 

2,860 
3,300 
3.300 
2,860 
2,320 

1,650 
1,460 
1,370 
1,370 
1,280 

1,370 
1,370 
1,370 
1,280 
1,120 


2.0 
1.9 
1.9 
1.9 
1.9 

1.9 


1,120 


2 






1,040 


3 






1,040 


4 






1,040 


5 






1,040 


6 






1,040 


7 








8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 


4.3 
4.6 
5.3 

5.9 
5.9 
5.7 
5.2 
4.8 

4.6 
4.6 
4.7 
5.0 
5.9 

6.2 
5.8 
4.2 
4.0 
3.9 
4.1 


3.970 
4,500 
5,920 

7,310 
7,310 
6,830 
5,710 
4,890 

4,500 
4,500 
4,690 
5,290 
7,310 

8,030 
7,070 
3,800 
3,460 
3.300 
3,630 






14 






15 






16 






17 












19 












21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 




5,370 
2.50 

1.77 

8,030 

3,300 

B 




2,550 
1.19 

1.33 

7,070 

1,120 

B 




1,430 
0.665 

0.77 
6,140 
560 
A 




932 
0.434 

0.50 
1,860 
455 
A 




1,570 
0.730 

0.81 
3,300 
970 
A 

': 




1,050 


Second-feetper 




0.488 


Run-oflf (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 




0.11 
1,120 


Minimum 




1,040 






A 









168 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGIOK, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height^ in feet^ and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch Creeh at Fourteenmile 

House for 1908-1912— Gontijiued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September, 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage Dis- 
height. charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






7.7 
6.9 
6.4 
6.3 
6.2 

6.4 
6.7 
5.9 
5.5 
5.2 

4.9 
4.8 
4.8 
4.9 
4.9 

5.3 
5.3 
5.9 
6.0 
5.3 

4.8 
4.4 
4.0 
3.8 
3.8 

3.6 

3.30 

3.20 

3.20 

3.10 


9,240 
7,320 
6,180 
5,960 
5,740 

6,180 
6,840 
5,120 
4,360 
3,820 

3,300 
3,130 
3,130 
3,300 
3,300 

4,000 
4,000 
5,120 
5,320 
4,000 

3,130 
2,500 
1,920 
1,670 
1,670 

1,440 
1,140 
1,050 
1,050 
970 


3.30 

3.50 

4.4 

5.0 

4.7 

4.7 
4.3 
4.3 
3.8 
3.40 

3.10 
3.00 
2.85 
2.60 
2.55 

2.50 
2.35 
2.25 
2.20 
2.10 

2.10 
2.00 
1.90 
1.90 
1.80 

1.80 
1.75 
1.75 
1.70 
1.70 
1.70 


1,140 
1,330 
2,500 
3,470 
2,970 

2,970 
2,350 
2,350 
1,670 
1,230 

970 
890 
775 
625 
600 

575 
502 
460 
440 
400 

400 
360 
325 
325 
290 

290 
275 
275 
260 
260 
260 


1.65 
1.65 
1.60 
1.60 
1.60 

1.60 
1.55 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 

1.60 
1.70 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

3.35 

4.2 
4.0 
3.8 
3.40 

3.20 
3.05 
2.80 
2.60 
2.40 

2.30 
2.25 
2.25 
2.25 
2.20 
2.20 


245 
245 
230 
230 
230 

230 
218 
205 
205 
205 

230 
260 
360 
360 
360 

1,180 
2,200 
1,920 
1,670 
1,230 

1,050 
930 
740 
625 
525 

480 
460 
460 
460 
440 
440 


2.20 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 

2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.20 

2.15 
2.10 
2.20 
2.40 
2.35 

2.25 
2.20 
2.15 
2.20 
2.30 

2.30 
2.40 
2.45 
2.40 
2.40 

2.30 
2.35 
2.30 
2.20 
2.20 


440 
480 
480 
480 
480 

480 
480 
480 
480 
440 

420 
400 
440 
525 
502 

460 
440 
420 
440 
480 

480 
525 
550 
525 
525 

480 
502 
480 
440 
440 


2.20 
2.30 
2.40 
2.45 
2.50 

2.40 
2.30 
2.20 
2.00 
1.90 

1.80 
1.70 
1.75 
1.70 
1.70 

1.90 
2.10 
2.00 
1.90 
1.70 

1.60 
1.50 
1.48 


440 


2 






480 


3 






525 


4 






550 


5 






575 


6. 






525 


7 






480 


8 






440 


9 






360 


10 






325 


11 






290 


12 






260 


13 






275 


14 






260 


15 


5.5 

5.7 
7.3 
8.6 
9.7 
9.4 

8.6 
7.4 
6.2 
5.5 
6.2 

7.8 
8.0 
7.0 
6.6 
6.2 
5.6 


4,360 

4,740 

8,280 

11,700 

14,800 

13, 400 

11,700 
8,520 
5,740 
4,360 
5, 740 

9,480 
10,000 
7,560 
6,620 
5,740 
4,550 


260 


16 


325 


17 


400 


18 


360 


19 


325 


20 


260 


21 


230 


22 


205 


23 


202 


24 




25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 
charge 




8,080 
3.76 

2.38 
14,800 
4,360 
B 




3,860 
1.80 

2.01 
9,240 
970 
A 




1,020 
0.474 

0.55 
3,470 
260 
A 




601 

0.280 

0.32 
2,200 
205 
A 




473 
0.220 

0.25 
550 
400 

A 




363 


Second-feet per 
square mile... 




0.169 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 




0.14 

575 


Minimum 




202 


Accuracy 




A 






1 











BIRCH CEEEK DRAHSTAGE BASIN. 



169 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Birch Creeh at Fourteenmile 

House for 1908-1912— Continued. 



1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 

6. 
7. 
8. 
9- 
10. 

11- 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 

17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 



Day. 



1912. 



May. 



June. 



Gage I Dis- Gage Dis- 
height. charge, height, charge. 



Mean dis- 
charge... 

Second-feet per 
square mile . . 

Run-ofi (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 

Miaimum 

Accuracy 



3.0 

3.1 
3.3 
3.5 
4.2 
4.2 

4.4 

4.6 
4.2 
3.7 
3.4 

3.2 
3.0 
3.2 
3.8 
3.4 

2.9 
2.8 
2.7 
3.2 
5.4 
5.0 



1,400 

1,510 
1,760 
2,040 
3,120 
3,120 

3,460 
3,820 
3,120 
2,320 
1,900 

1,630 
1,400 
1,630 
2,470 
1,900 

1,290 
1,190 
1,090 
1,630 
5,380 
4,570 



2,350 
1.09 



0.89 
5,380 
1,090 

A 



4.4 
6.6 
7.2 
6.3 
5.0 

4.1 
3.6 
3.2 
3.0 
3.3 

3.3 
3.0 

3.8 
4.4 
4.0 

4.0 
5.0 

4.4 
4.4 
5.6 

4.8 
4.1 
4.6 
7.0 
8.9 

8.5 
6.6 
4.8 
4.2 
3.6 



460 
070 
560 
360 
570 

950 

180 
630 
400 
760 

760 
400 
470 
460 
780 

780 
570 
460 
460 
800 

190 
950 
820 
060 
100 

000 
070 
190 
120 
180 



4,650 
2.16 



2.41 
14,100 
1,400 
B 



July. 



Gage 
height. 



3.1 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.50 

2.25 
2.20 
2.10 
2.00 
2.00 

1.80 
1.80 
1.85 
1.80 
1.80 

1.90 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.85 

1.80 
1.90 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.90 
1.80 
1.85 



August. 



Dis- Gage 
charge, height. 



1,510 
1,190 
1, 190 
1,290 
920 

725 
690 
620 
560 
560 

450 
450 
475 
450 
450 

500 
450 
450 
450 
475 

450 
500 
450 
450 
450 

450 
450 
450 
500 
450 
475 



611 
0.284 



0.33 
1,510 
450 
A 



1.80 
1.80 
1.75 
1.75 
1.70 

1.70 
1.80 

2.8 
3.2 
3.1 

2.8 
4.0 
4.4 
3.6 
3.2 



2.30 

2.30 

2.30 

2.60 

2.7 

2.60 

2.55 



Dis- 
charge, 



450 
450 
425 
425 
400 

400 

450 

1,190 

1,630 

1,510 

1,190 
2,780 
3,460 
2,180 
1,630 

1,400 
1,400 
1,190 
1,090 
1,000 

840 
840 
800 
800 
760 

760 

760 

1,000 

1,090 

1,000 

960 



1,110 
0.516 



0.59 
3,460 
400 
A 



September. 



Gage 
height. 



2.55 

2.7 

3.0 

2.9 

2.9 

2.9 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.7 

2.7 

2.65 

2.6 

2.6 

2.55 

2.55 

2.7 

3.4 

3.7 

3.8 

4.4 
4.7 
4.4 
4.1 
4.0 



3.7 
3.5 
3.2 
3.1 
3.0 



Dis- 
charge. 



960 
1,090 
1,400 
1,290 
1,290 

1,290 
1,190 
1,190 
1,190 
1,090 

1,090 
1,040 
1,000 
1,000 
960 

960 
1,090 
1,900 
2,320 
2,470 

3,460 
4,000 
3,460 
2,950 
2,780 

2,320 
2,040 
1,630 
1,510 
1,400 



1,710 
0.795 



0.89 
4,000 
960 
A 



October. 



Gage Dis- 
height. charge. 



2.9 
2.9 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 

2.7 

2.65 

2.65 

2.65 

2.60 

2.60 
2.60 
2.55 
2.50 
2.40 

2.30 
2.20 
2.10 
1.90 
1.70 

1.60 



1,290 
1,290 
1,190 
1,190 
1,190 

1,090 
1,040 
1,040 
1,040 
1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

960 

920 

840 

760 
690 
620 
500 
400 

350 



924 
0.430 



0.34 
1,290 
350 
A 



MASTODON FORK OF EAGLE CREEK ABOVE STORAGE DAM. 

On June 10, 1909, a gage was placed on Mastodon Fork of Eagle 
Creek about 300 feet above the storage reservoir of the Eagle Creek 
hydraulic plant. The rating curve is fairly well defined below 15 
second-feet. 

A short ditch taps Miller Fork about a mile above its mouth and 
carries the water around to a small storage reservoir on Mastodon 
Fork. From there another small ditch carries the water about 2 
miles along the left side of Eagle Creek to a pressure box, where a 210- 
foot head is obtained for hydrauHcking. The water is conveyed from 
the pressure box to the mine (see PI. VI, B) thi'ough 4,200 feet of 
riveted steel pipe. The plant was first put in operation in July, 1908. 
The system used to elevate the gravels is the same as that employed 
on Mammoth Creek (see p. 333) and is the first of its kind to be installed 
in Alaska. 



170 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANANA EEGIOIT, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Mastodon Fork of Eagle Creeh above storage dam in 1908-9. 



Date. 



July 7. 
Sept. 6. 



1908. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
1.1 
1.3 



Date. 



1909. 
June 10 

23 

Aug. 13 V. '.'.!!"!! 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
0.83 

.88 
.65 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
9.8 
11.9 
5.5 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Mastodon Forlc of Eagle Creeh 

above storage dam for 1909. 

[Drainage area, 4.1 square miles. Observer, Joseph Sanders.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
cliarge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






0.67 

.58 
.58 
.58 
.54 

.58 
.71 
.71 
1.04 
.75 

.67 

.67 

1.00 

1.08 

.92 

.75 
.67 
.58 
.54 
.54 

.50 

.46 
.46 
.46 
.46 

.46 
.42 
.50 
.83 
.75 
.71 


6.0 
4.1 
4.1 
4.1 

3.4 

4.1 
7.0 
7.0 
17.1 
8.0 

6.0 

6.0 

15.5 

18.7 

12.9 

8.0 
6.0 
4.1 
3.4 
3.4 

2.7 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

2.1 
1.6 
2.7 
10.2 
8.0 
7.0 


0.67 
.92 
.78 
.71 
.67 

.67 
.75 
.83 
1.00 
.92 

.75 
.75 
.67 
, .62 
.58 

.54 

.54 
.54 
.58 
.67 

.62 
.58 
.54 
.50 
.50 

.46 
.46 
.42 
.42 
.38 
.33 


6.0 
12.9 
8.8 
7.0 
6.0 

6.0 

8.0 

10.2 

15.5 

12.9 

8.0 
8.0 
6.0 
4.9 
4.1 

3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
4.1 
6.0 

4.9 
4.1 

3.4 

2.7 
2.7 

2.1 
2.1 
1.6 
1.6 
1.1 
.67 


0.33 
.25 
.25 
.21 


0.67 


2 






.25 


3 






.25 


4 






.13 


5 








6 










7 










8 










9 










10 


0.83 

1.08 
1.25 
1.17 
1.08 
1.00 

.92 

1.33 

1.00 

.83 

.75 

.75 
.83 
.83 
.83 

.75 

.75 
.83 
.75 

.75 

.75 


10.2 

18.7 

26 

22 

18.7 

15.5 

12.9 
29 
15.5 
10.2 
8.0 

8.0 
10.2 
10.2 
10.2 

8.0 

8.0 
10.2 
8.0 
8.0 
8.0 






11 






12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 


1 


23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 


















13.1 
3:20 

2.50 
29 
8.0 
B 




6.18 
1.51 

1.74 
18.7 
2.1 
B 




5.53 
1.34 

1.54 
15.5 
0.67 
B 






Second-feet per square mile . . 








Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 








Maximum 




! 


Minimum 




I 


Accuracy 




1 












PRYINGPAN CREEK BELOW FORKS. 



On June 8, 1910, a gage was installed 2 or 3 miles above the mouth 
and just below the main forks of Fryingpan Creek, at an elevation 
of approximately 1,850 feet. 

The rating curve is not very well defined, and above 8 second-feet 
the discharges are only approximate. 



BIECH CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 171 

Discharge measurements of Frying pan Creeh below forJ:s, 1910. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 8 


Feet. 
2.02 
1.52 


Sec.-ft. 
5.4 


27 


2.7 







Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Frying pan Creeh below forks 

(2^ miles above mouth) for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 15.9 square miles. Observer, Oscar Morell.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


-fci 

s 


O 

.S3 
ft 


® 

(D 

to 

o 


ID 

o 

.a 

Q 


S 
© 

tdO 
03 
O 




i 

<D 

o 




'© 


o 

.a 
ft 


S 

rd 

© 

o 


© 

1 
ft 


1 






2.21 
2.08 
1.99 
1.94 
2.21 

2.18 
2.02 
1.94 
1.91 
1.86 

2.06 
2.15 

2.28 
2.08 
2.02 

1.93 
1.84 
2.19 
2.08 
2.00 


6.7 
5.8 
5.2 
4.9 
6.7 

6.5 
5.4 
4.9 
4.8 
4.5 

5.7 
6.2 
7.2 
5.8 
5.4 

4.9 
4.3 
6.5 
5.8 
5.3 


1.89 
1.73 
1.66 
1.61 
1.54 

1.50 
1.47 



'i."38' 

1.42 
1.40 


4.6 
3.8 
3.4 
3.2 

2.8 

2.6 
2.4 
2.4 
2.3 
2.3 

2.3 
2.2 
2.2 
2.1 
2.0 

2.2 
2.1 


21 


2.28 
2.50 
2.23 
2.12 
2.00 

1.96 
1.96 
2.00 
1.98 
2.53 


7.2 
8.8 
6.8 
6.0 
5.3 

5.1 
5.1 
S.3 
5.2 
9.0 


2.01 
2.08 
2.12 
2.16 
2.06 

1.52 
1.50 

1.48 
1.48 
2.78 
2.34 


5.4 






2 






22 


5.8 
6.0 
6.3 
5.7 

2.7 
2.6 
2.5 
2.5 
11.0 
7.6 






3 






23 






4 






24 






5 






25 






6 






26 






7 






27 






8 


2.02 
2.80 
3.46 

3.25 


5.4 
11.2 
17.0 

15.2 
13.6 
12.0 
10.5 
8.9 

7.3 
5.7 
5.4 
5.1 
4.9 


28 






9 


29 

30 






10 






31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge 








12 




8.09 
0.509 

0. 40 
17.0 

4.9 

C 




5.50 
0.346 

0.40 
11.0 

2.5 

B 






13 




2 64 


14 




Second-feet 
per square 
TTiile. . . . 






15. 










0.166 


16 


E. u n- f f 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 






17 


2.06 
2.02 
1.Q6 
1.94 




18 




19 








20 






0.10 








AraA'imum 




4.6 




Minimum . . 




2.0 




Accuracy . . - 




B 




• 







GREAT UNKNOWN CREEK AT MOUTH. 

A gage was installed on Great Unknown Creek June 8, 1912. It 
was removed by high water June 23; 1912, and was replaced by a 
new gage July 3, 1912, from which all subsequent readings were 
made. Different rating curves were used at the two gages. The 
channel was liable to considerable change during high water. Meas- 
uring conditions were not very favorable for accuracy at the station. 



172 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANANA EEGIOK, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Great Unknown Creek at mouth in 1910 and 1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 26.. 


1910. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
16.7 

28 
22 


1912— Continued. 

July 4 

Aug. 23 


Feet. 
3.01 
3.01 
3.02 
3.27 
3.28 


Sec.-ft. 
16 




1912. 


3.06 
3.10 


17 9 




21 


18 2 


June 8 . . 


Sept. 4 


40 


July 3 


5 


40 









Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Great Unknown Creek at 

mouth for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 41.2 square miles. Observer, F. C. Sutliff.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 












15 

10.1 

10 

10 

10.1 

10 
104 
81 
26 
20 

41 
38 
35 
32 
29 

26 
22 
21 
20 
19.5 

19 

18 

17.5 

17.5 

17 

17 
25 
25 
20 
17 
17 


""3.'27' 
3.28 

3.18 

'"Tie' 

3.14 
3.10 

""3.' 15" 
3.15 

3.18 
3.62 
3.42 
3.35 


20 


2 










2.75 
"'2.' 75' 

'z.m 

3.50 
3.15 

3.28 

3.15 
3.10 

"'X65' 

'"i'.bi 

3.01 


25 


3 






3.10 
2.98 
2.90 


22 

16.3 

13.6 

12 

11 

10 
9.2 
9.2 

9.0 
9.2 

10 

10.1 

10 

10.1 

10 

10 

10.1 

10 

10 

10 

10.1 

10 

10 

10.1 

12 

20 

30 

32 

26 


30 


4 






40 


5 






41 


6 






36 


7 








31 


8 


3.06 
3.10 
3.15 


28 
33 
40 

40 

90 

135 

120 

110 

100 

90 

85 

323 

195 

109 


""2." 76" 
2.70 

2.68 
2.70 

"2." 75" 
2.75 
"'2.' 75' 


29 


9 


28 


10 


27 


11 


26 


12 




22 


13 


3.60 


24 


14 


26 


15 




26 


16 




29 


17 




109 


18 


3.40 
4.20 
3.80 

3.50 


65 


19 


52 


20 




21 






22 






23 






2.75 






24 










25 , 












26 






2.75 






27 .. . 










28 












29 .... 












30 






3.21 
3.15 






31 




















Mean discharge 




106 

2.58 

1.34 
323 
28 
D 




13.2 
0.320 

0.35 
32 
9.0 
B 




25.5 
0.619 

0.71 
104 
10.0 
C 




36.1 






0.876 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




0.62 


Maximum 




109 






20 


Accuracy 




C 









Note. — The rating curve for June records was obtained by means of one discharge measurement and 
the direction of the curve for the July and subsequent records. It is only approximate. 

CLUMS FORK BELOW MUNSON CREEK. 

This station was established June 30, 1912, on Clums Fork, just 
below the junction of Munson and Lawson creeks. The rating curve 
is not very well defined. The period covered by the records was 



BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



173 



characterized by a greater discharge than should probably be expected 
during a normal year. 

Discharge measurements of Clums Fork below Munson Creeh in 1912. 



Date. 



June 30. 

July 2 . 



Gage 
height. 



Feet 
3.50 
3.38 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 



37 

28 



Date. 



Gage 
height. 



Aug. 25. 
Sept. 3. 



Feet. 
3.27 
3.30 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 



25 

28 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Clums Fork below Munson 

Creek for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 46.4 square miles. Observer, C. N. Banks.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


to 
'S 


o 

.a 

ft 


•a 

1 
® 

C3 

o 


O 
CO 

5 


xi 

bo 

1 

<B 


<D 

.S3 

ft 


1 


3.45 
3.38 
3.30 
3.30 
3.28 

3.26 
3.30 
3.27 
3.25 
3.62 

3.35 
3.23 
3.25 
3.38 
3.28 

3.27 
3.25 
3.32 
3.28 
3.28 


34 
29 
26 
26 
25 

25 
26 
25 
24 
48 

28 
24 
24 
29 
25 

25 
24 
27 
25 

25 


"3.'28" 
3.25 

3.20 
3.60 
3.44 
3.38 
3.36 

3.65 

"3."35' 
3.35 
3.30 
3.25 


28 
27 
26 
25 
24 

23 
46 
33 
29 
28 

52 

46 
42 
38 
36 

32 

28 
28 
26 
24 


3.31 
3.28 
3.30 
3.30 
3.28 

3.29 
3.27 
3.28 
3.30 
3.30 

3.28 
3.27 
3.26 
3.25 
3.28 

3.35 
3.46 
3.50 
3.46 
3.77 


26 
25 
26 
26 
25 

26 
25 
25 
26 
26 

25 
25 
25 
24 
25 

28 
34 
37 
34 
66 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 

14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 





Day. 



21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 



Mean dis- 
charge.. 

Second-feet 
per square 
mile 

R u n - f f 
(depth in 
Inches on 
d r ainage 
area") 

Maximum.. 

Minimum . . 

Accuracy... 



July. 






o 



3.30 
3.28 
3.25 
3.22 
3.25 

3.23 
3.50 
3.45 



26 
25 
24 
24 
24 

24 
37 
34 
32 
30 
29 



27.5 
0.593 



0.68 
48 
24 
B 



August. 






t>0 

o 



3.20 
3.28 
3.29 



3.27 

3.30 
3.35 
3.32 
3.30 
3.29 
3.28 



23 
25 
26 
26 
25 

26 
28 
27 
26 
26 
25 



September. 



O 



3. 75 
3.65 
3.60 
3.55 



29.8 



0.642 



0.74 



64 
52 
46 

42 



32.6 
0.703 



0.63 
66 
24 

C 



LAWSON CREEK AT MOUTH. 

This station was established June 30, 1912, on Lawson Creek, about 
300 feet above the mouth of Munson Creek. The rating curve is not 
very well defined. The discharge during the period covered by the 
records was probably greater than normal. 

Discharge measurements of Lawson Creek at mouth in 1912. 



Date. 



Gage 
height. 



June 30. 
July 2. 



Feet. 
3.15 

3.08 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

18.7 
14.7 



Date. 



Aug. 25. 
Sept. 3. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
3.03 
3.04 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
14.2 
13.9 



174 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON'-TANAN'A EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Lavomn Creeh at mouth for 1912. 
[Drainage area, 21.6 square miles. Observer, C. N. Banks.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


to 

I 


6 

03 
O 

ft 




ft 


o3 

o 


03 
O 

ft 


1 


3.13 

3.08 
3.03 
3.02 
3.00 

2.98 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.37 

3.20 
3.08 
3.03 
3.12 
3.08 

3.05 
3.02 
3.06 
3.02 
3.02 


17.2 
15.4 
14.1 
13.8 
13.3 

12.9 
13.3 
13.3 
13.3 
35 

20 

15.4 

14.1 

16.8 

15.4 

14.6 
13.8 
14.9 
13.8 
13.8 


*3.'6i' 

3.00 

2.98 
3.30 
3.15 
3.11 
3.10 

3.30 

's.'io' 

3.12 
3.10 
3.05 


15 

14 

14 

13.6 

13.3 

12.9 

27 

18.1 

16.3 

15.9 

27 
25 
23 
21 
19 

17 
15.9 

16.8 
15.9 
14.6 


3.04 
3.02 
3.02 
3.03 
3.02 

3.03 
3.01 
3.01 
3.03 
3.02 

3.01 
3.02 
3.01 
3.00 
3.04 

3.08 
3.10 
3.11 
3.11 
3.30 


14.3 
13.8 
13.8 
14.1 
13.8 

14.1 
13.6 
13.6 
14.1 
13.8 

13.6 
13.8 
13.6 
13.3 
14.3 

15.4 
15.9 
16.3 
16.3 
27 


2 


3 


4 


5.......... 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10.... 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15.. 


16... 


17 


18 


19 


20 





Day. 



Mean dis- 
charge. . 

Second-feet 
per square 
mile 

Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 

Maximum. . 

Minimum . . 

Accuracy... 



July. 



O 



3.04 
3.02 
3.02 
3.00 
2.98 

3.01 
3.15 
3.15 



14.3 
13.8 
13.8 
13.3 
12.9 

13.6 

18.1 

18.1 

18 

17 

16 



15.6 
0.722 



0.83 
35 
12.9 
C 



August. 



r-Cj 



3.03 
3.10 
3.12 



3.03 

3.06 
3.05 
3.02 
3.02 
3.04 
3.03 



14.1 

15.9 

16.8 

15 

14.1 

14.9 
14.6 
13.8 
13.8 
14.3 
14.1 



16.7 
0.773 



0.89 
27 
12.9 
B 



September. 



O 



3.28 
3.20 
3.20 
3.20 



26 
20 
20 
20 



16.0 
0.741 



0.66 
27 
13.3 
B 



BUCKLEY BAR CREEK AT MOUTH. 

Buckley Bar Creek enters Birch. Creek from the north at Buckley 
Bar, about a mile above Sheep Creek. This station was established 
June 2, 1911. The gage was located on the left bank about one-eighth 
mile from Birch Creek and just above the intake to a small ditch carry- 
ing water to Buckley Bar. The rating curve is fairly well defined for 
all stages. 

Discharge measurements of Buckley Bar Creek at mouth, 1911 . 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 2 . . 


1911. 


Feet. 
2.10 
2.14 
1.14 
1.11 
1.37 


Sec.-ft. 
25 
29 
.45 
.36 
1.5 


May 28.. 


1912. 


Feet. 
1.81 
2.54 
2.20 
1.47 


Sec.-ft. 
4.4 


2 


29 


33 


July 27 


30 


17.8 


30 


July 14 


.63 


Aug. 19 











Note.— Zero of 1912 gage was 0.30 foot below that of 1911. 



BIRCH CEEEK DEAINAGE BASIN. 



175 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Buckley Bar Creek at mouth 

for 1911-12. 

[Drainage area, 10.6 square miles. Observer, Chas. H. Rogers.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 










1.28 
1.30 
1.81 
1.71 
1.62 

1.53 
1.50 
1.46 
1.38 
1.31 

1.30 
1.31 
1.28 
1.26 
1.25 

1.22 
1.22 
1.21 
1.20 
1.20 

1.20 
1.20 
1.19 
1.18 
1.16 

1.16 
1.14 
1.12 
1.11 
1.11 
1.11 


1.0 
1.1 
9.4 
6.5 
4.6 

3.2 
2.8 
2.4 
1.7 
1.2 

1.1 
1.2 
1.0 

.92 

.88 

.74 
.74 
.70 
.65 
.65 

.65 
.65 
.62 
.59 
.52 

.52 
.46 
.39 
.36 
.36 
.36 


1.10 

■"i.'io' 

1.09 
1.09 

1.09 

'i'io' 

1.09 
1.10 

1.10 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 
1.26 

1.42 

"'i.'46" 
1.37 

1.30 

""i.'24" 
1.23 

1.22 
1.21 

'*'i.'22' 
1.24 
1.23 


0.34 
.34 
.34 
.32 
.32 

.32 
.33 
.34 
.32 
.34 

.34 

.34 
.34 
.34 
.92 

2.0 
1.9 
1.8 
1.6 
1.4 

1.1 
.90 
.83 

.78 
.76 

.74 
.70 

.72 
.74 
.83 
.78 


1.23 

""i."22' 
1.22 
1.22 

""i,'23' 

1.24 
1.27 
1.31 
1.32 
1.32 

1.32 
1.30 
1.30 

""i."28' 


0.78 


2 






2.10 
1.94 
1.89 
1.86 

1.87 
1.77 
1.70 
1.66 
1.60 

1.56 
1.52 
1.56 
1.56 
1.54 

1.50 
1.70 
1.90 
1.76 
1.66 

1.52 
1.49 
1.44 
1.41 
1.37 

1.35 
1.35 
1.34 
1.30 
1.30 


25 
14.5 
12.2 
11.1 

11.4 

8.2 
6.2 
5.4 
4.2 

3.6 
3.1 
3.6 
3.6 
3.4 

2.8 
6.2 
12.5 
7.9 
5.4 

3.1 

2.7 
2.2 
1.9 
1.6 

1.4 
1.4 

1.4 
1.1 
1.1 


.76 


3 






.74 


4 






.74 


5 






.74 


6 






.74 


7 






.76 


8 






.78 


9 






.80 


10 






.82 


11 






.83 


12 






.96 


13 






1.2 


14 






1.2 


15 






1.2 


16 






1.2 


17 






1.1 


18. 






1.1 


19 






1.0 


20 






1.0 


21 


















23 










24 










25 










26 




















28 










29 










30 










31 
































5.61 
0.529 

0.59 
25 
1.1 
B 




1.55 
0.146 

0.17 
9.4 
0.36 
A 




0.780 
0.074 

0.09 
2.0 
0.32 
A 




0.922 


Second-feet per 








0.087 


Run-off (depth in 
area) 








0.10 










1.2 


Minimum 








0.74 


Accuracy 








A 













176 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON'-TAN-AKA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Buckley Bar Creel at mouth 

for -?9ii-i^.— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






2.30 

2.62 
2.30 


22 
39 
22 
13.5 
5.0 

3.6 
4.0 
4.6 
5.2 
3.4 

1.5 

3.4 
4; 2 
4.0 
6.0 

12.0 

17.0 

12.0 

22 

12.0 

4.4 
7.8 

12.0 

30 

41 

26 
7.8 
5.5 
3.9 
3.6 


1.70 

"'i.'62' 
1.59 

1.52 
1.51 

""i.'48' 
1.50 

""i.'47' 
1.48 

1.46 
1.47 

'"i.'ss" 

1.56 

'"'i.'55" 
""i.'53' 

"'iVbh' 

1.48 
""i.'47' 


2.6 
2.2 
1.7 
1.4 
1.2 

.90 
.82 
.70 
.67 
.75 

.72 
.69 
.66 
.63 
.67 

.59 
.63 

1.0 

1.4 

1.2 

1.2 
1.1 
1.1 
1.0 

.98 

.86 
.75 
.67 
.65 
.63 
.62 


""'i."46' 
"'i.'45' 

"'i.'96' 
1.95 
1.87 

2.11 
2.51 

'"'i.'84' 
1.82 
1.79 
1.75 

'"'i."72* 

"'i.'io' 

1.85 
1.91 
1.85 
1.72 

"'l.ih' 


0.61 
.60 
.59 
.57 
.55 

1.0 
8.0 
7.8 
5.7 
9.0 

13.1 
33 
16.0 
10.0 
7.0 

5.0 
5.0 
4.6 
4.0 
3.4 

3.2 
2.9 
2.8 
2.6 
3.9 

5.2 
6.6 
5.2 
2.9 
2.8 
2.6 


1.90 
1.96 

"'"i."93" 

1.88 
1.84 

"'i.'93' 

'i.'84" 
""'i.'92' 

""i."94' 

""2.' 68" 


6.3 
8.0 

7.8 
7.5 
7.2 

5 9 


2.. 






3 






4 






5 






1.84 
1.76 


6 






7 






5 n 


8 








5 n 


9 






1.85 
1.75 

1.60 
1.75 
L80 


7.2 


10 






11 






6 


12 






5 5 


13 1 






5 


14 






6 


15 








6 Q 


16 








7 


17 








7 


18 








7 5 


19 








16 


20 








25 


21 


1.70 
1.65 

1.88 
1.76 


2.6 
2.0 
5.9 
3.6 

2.8 

2.0 
3.2 
4.4 

34 

17.0 
9.9 


1.81 
1.95 
2.08 
2.46 
2.65 

2.38 
1.95 
1.86 
1.78 
1.76 


34 


22 


43 


23 




24 






25 






26 


1.65 






27 






28 


1.81 
2.54 
2.20 
2.02 






29 






30 






31 


















Mean discharge 
square mile 




7.95 
0.750 

0.31 
34 
2.0 
B 




1.19 
0.112 

0.12 
41 
1.5 
B 




.990 
0.093 

0.11 
2.6 
0.59 
B 




5.68 
0.536 

0.62 
33 
0.55 
B 




10.7 
1.01 


Run-ofl (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




.83 


Maximum 




.43 






.50 


Accuracy 




B 









SHEEP CREEK AT MOUTH. 

A gage was installed June 2, 1911, on the right bank of Sheep 
Creek, about 100 feet from Birch Creek. 

Only occasional gage readings were obtained, but from the dis- 
charges at Birch Creek above Sheep Creek and of Buckley Bar Creek 
at mouth, where daily records were obtained, the discharge on days of 
missing gage heights could be estimated with considerable accuracy. 

Discharge measurements of Sheep Creek at mouth in 1911-12. 



Date. 



1911 

June 2 

July 27 

30 

Aug. 19 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


3.50 


101 


2.45 


3.6 


2.42 


3.6 


3.20 


50 



Date. 



1912 
May 28 

29. 

July 14.'.".".!!." 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
3.03 
3.97 
2.76 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
25 
154 
8.9 



BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN, 



177 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Sheep Creek at mouth for 1911-12 . 
[Drainage area 46.7 square miles. Observers: G. L. Dalby, 1911; Charles Rogers and B. Lokkan, 1912.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 














2.60 


8.2 


2 


3.50 


101 












3 






2.38 


2.5 






4 














5 










2.35 


2.0 






6 






3.10 


38 






7 














8 


3.90 
3.38 


208 

78 














9 










2.58 


7.6 


10 












11 


3.22 


53 






2.64 


9.8 






12 










13 










2,60 
2.65 
3.05 


8.2 
10.2 
34 






14 










2.71 


12.7 


15 






2.60 


8.2 




16 






2.70 


12.2 


17 
















18 


4.05 


255 




















3.20 


50 


2.91 


23 


20 






2.50 


.5.1 




21 
































23 










2.78 


16.0 








3.21 


51 










25 














26 


















27 






2.45 


4.0 






2.76 


15.1 


28 


2.95 


26 














2.65 


10.2 






30 






2.42 


3.3 


2.70 


12.2 

































Note.— Rating curve is fairly well defined below 150 second-feet. 
42913°— WSP 342—15 12 



178 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOK-TAI^AIS-A REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height^ in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Sheep Creek at mouth for 

1911-12— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 


















2 














2.72 


6.8 


3 
















4 






3.40 


67 










6 










2.76 


8.3 


6 
















7 














4.12 


179 


8 






3.05 


26 








9 














10 


















11 


















12 


















13 


















14 


















15 


















16 


3.52 


84 














17 














18 














3.12 
3.10 


33 


19 






3.90 


i42 






31 


20 


3.52 


84 


2.80 


9.8 




21 


3.85 


134 






22 


3.40 


67 










23 














24 










2.80 


9.8 






25 










2.95 


18.6 


26 - 










2.74 


7.5 




27 














28 


3.03 
4.20 
3.79 


25 
193 
124 














29 


3.35 


60 










30 










31 






3.75 


118 


3.00 


22 















Note. — Rating curve fairly well defined for all stages. 



BACHELOR CREEK BELOW COSTA FORK. 



This station was established on Bachelor Creek about 1 J miles below 
Costa Fork on June 8, 1909, but daily gage readings were not com- 
menced until June 25, 1909. The rating curve for 1909 is fairly well 
defined for all stages. The discharges for 1910 are only approximate 
because of insufficient measurements and shifting channel. 

Below Costa Fork the creek has a grade of about 70 feet per mile. 
In 1909 about a mile of ditch with the intake a short distance below 
Costa Fork was partly constructed along the left limit of the creek, 
in accordance with a plan to mine the Bachelor Creek gravels by 
hydraulic elevators. The scheme has apparently been abandoned, 
for nothing has been done since 1909. 



BIKCH CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 179 

Discharge measurements of Bachelor Creek below Costa Fork, 1909-10. 



Date. 



1909 
June 8 

25 

26 

Aug. 15 

16 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.82 
1.65 
1.61 
1.10 
1.08 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
53 
32 

28 
10 
8.5 



Date. 



1910. 

July 11 

12 

30 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.49 
1.44 
1.48 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
6.6 
5.8 

8.5 



Note.— Zero of 1910 gage was 0.45 foot below that of 1909. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Bachelor Creek below Costa 

Fork for 1909-10. 

[Drainage area, 11.4 square miles.] 





1909 


1910 


Day. 


Jiuae. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


July. 




Ga^e 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






1.44 
1.41 
1.42 
1.42 
1.44 

1.41 
1.38 
1..32 
1..32 
1.38 

1.35 
1.26 
1.42 
1.41 
1.42 

1.38 
1.31 
1.64 
1.50 
1.32 

1.24 
1.20 
1.61 
1.25 
1.25 

1.20 
1.16 
1.15 
1.14 
1.15 
1.15 


19.2 
17.8 
18.2 
IS. 2 
19.2 

17.8 
16.6 
14.5 
14.5 
16.6 

15.6 
12.8 

18.2 
17.8 
18.2 

16.6 

14.2 

30 

22 

14.5 

12.2 

11.2 

29 

12.5 

12.5 

11.2 
10.4 
10.2 
10.0 
10.2 
10.2 


1.15 
1.12 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 

1.08 
1.08 
1.11 
1.16 
1.20 

1.18 
• 1.15 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 

1.10 
1.08 
1.05 
1.05 
1.05 

1.05 
1.05 
1.02 
1.02 
1.02 

1.02 
1.02 
1.02 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 


10.2 
9.6 
9.2 
9.2 
9.2 

8.9 

8.9 

9.4 

10.4 

11.2 

10.8 

10.2 

9.2 

9.2 

9.2 

9.2 
8.9 
8.4 
8.4 
8.4 

8.4 
8.4 
7.9 


1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 

1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.98 

.98 
.98 
.98 
.98 
.98 


7.6 
7.6 
7.6 
7.6 
7.6 

7.6 
7.6 
7.6 
7.6 
7.3 

7.3 
7.3 

7.3 
7.3 
7.3 






2 










3 










4 










5 










6 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 






1.49 
1.48 
1.44 
1.40 
1.39 

1.38 
1.42 
1.60 
1.49 
1.46 

1.45 


6.6 


12 






6.4 


13 






5.9 


14 






5.3 


15 






5.2 


16 






5.0 


17 










5.6 


18 










8.5 


19 










8.2 


20 










7.8 


21 










7.6 


22 












23 














24 






7.9 
7.9 

7.9 
7.9 
7.9 
7.6 
7.6 
7.6 










26 


1.65 

1.60 
1.52 
1.48 
1.46 
1.45 


31 

28 
23 
21 
20 
19.6 






1.48 

1.45 
1.44 
1.42 
1.41 
1.48 


8.1 


26 






7.6 


27 






7.4 


28 






7.1 


29 






7.0 


30 






8.5 


31 






















Mean discharge.. 




24 
2.11 

0.47 
31 
19.6 
B 




15.9 
1.39 

1.60 
30 
10.0 
B 




8.9 
0.78 

0.90 
11.2 
7.6 
B 




7.5 
0.66 

0.37 
7.6 
7.3 

B 




6.9 


Second -feet per 
SQuare mile 




0.61 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.39 


Maximum 




8.5 






5.0 


Accuracy 




C 









180 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 
the Birch Creek drainage basin, 1908 to 1912: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Birch Creeh drainage basin for 1908-1912. 



Date. 



Stream. 



Tributary to — 



Locality. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Drain- 
age 
area. 



Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 
mile. 



July 
Sept. 
June 
Aug. 
July 
July 
June 
July 
Aug. 
Sept. 
July 
July 
Sept. 
Jime 
Aug. 
June 
Sept. 



June 10 

Sept. 6 
Do. 

July 27 

July 5 

Jime 24 

Aug. 14 

July 18 

July 18 

Aug. 18 

June 24 

Aug. 14 

July 18 

Aug. 18 

Aug. 14 

July 28 

July 18 

July 18 

Aug. 18 

July 9 

Jime 24 

Aug. 14 

July 28 

July 18 

Jime 6 

July 18 

Aug. 18 

July 10 

July 11 

Aug. 14 

July 11 



June 
Aug. 
July 
Aug. 
Aug. 
June 
Aug. 
July 
Sept. 
July 
July 
July 



1908 
1908 
1909 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1908 
1908 
1908 
1908 
1909 
1909 
1912 
1908 

1909 
1908 



1910 
1912 
1909 
1909 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1909 
1909 
1912 
1912 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1908 
1909 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1908 
1908 
1909 
1908 

1909 
1909 
1911 
1911 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1908 
1908 
1910 
1910 
1908 



Ptarmigan Creek 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do , 

do , 

Eagle Creek 

do , 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Miller Fork of Eagle 
Creek. 

do 

Miller Fork ditch 

do 

Golddust Creek 

do 

do 

do 

.....do 

do 

do 

Fish Creek , 

do 

do 

do 

Butte Creek 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Bear Creek , 

do 

do , 

do 

do..... 

do 

do 

do 

Twelvemile Creek 

do 

do 

do 



Birch Creek 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Eagle Creek 



Mouth. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 



Below Mastodon Fork. 
Below Cripple Creek. . 

Mouth 

do 

do 

do... 

do 

Above ditch intake.... 



-do. 



Birch Creek 

do 



..do.... 
..do.... 
.-do.... 
..do.... 
.-do.... 
..do.... 
..do.... 
..do.... 
.-do-.-. 
.-do—. 
..do.-, 
.-do— . 
..do— . 
..do.... 
.-do- — 
..do- — 
.-do-.. 
.-do— 
.-do.— 
.-do-.. 
.-do- — 
.-do- — 
.-do— . 
..do.— 
.-do.... 
.do.... 



do 

Intake 

Outlet.. 

4 1 miles above mouth. . 
3 miles above mouth. . , 
Mouth 



-do. 
.do. 
.do. 
-do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
-do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do- 
.do. 



North Fork Twelve- 
mile Creek. 
do 



do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Twelve mile 

Creek. 
do 



5 miles above mouth . . 

do 

do 

Between North and 

South forks. 
do....: 



do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Mouth . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 



Sec.-ft. 
26.2 
24.7 
34 
27 
15.0 

4.6 
29 

5.0 
15.6 
04. 2 
10.5 
15.4 
24.7 
19.4 
22 
17.0 

2.1 

9.9 
2.8 
1.4 
8.6 
5.0 
15.9 
15.7 
3.6 
6.9 
9.3 
6.6 
7.1 

.52 
3.1 
5.6 
2.2 



-do- 



3.5 
5.5 
6.2 

20.3 

21 

12.9 
6.7 
4.3 

14.0 
2.5 
7.2 
6.3 
6.0 
4.6 

15.6 

17.6 
19.5 

5.9 
&4.3 

4.8 
14.3 

6.8 
38 
73 

18.9 
14.6 
24.4 

23.9 



Sq. mi. 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 

8.4 
12.4 
15.5 
15.5 
15.5 
15.5 
15.5 

2.6 

2.6 



Sec.-ft. 

1.38 

1.30 

1.79 

1.42 

.79 

.24 

1.53 

.26 

.82 



9.5 

10.0 

13.6 

13.6 

13.6 

13.6 

13.6 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

9.2 

9.2 

9.2 

9.2 

9.2 

11.6 

12.4 

12.4 

12.4 

12.4 

12.4 

12.4 

12.4 

10.4 

10.4 

10.4 

23 

23 
23 
23 
23 
23 
23 
23 
44. 
44. 
44. 
44. 
22. 



22.9 



85 
99 
59 
25 
42 
09 
81 



3.81 



.90 
.50 
1.17 
1.15 
.38 
.51 
.68 



1.10 

1.18 

.087 

.52 

.61 

.24 

.38 

.60 

.67 

1.75 

1.69 

1.04 

.54 

.35 

1.13 

.20 

.58 

.61 

.58 

.44 

.68 

.77 
.85 
.26 
.19 
.21 
.62 
.30 
.85 

1.64 
.42 
.33 

1.07 

1.04 



Sept. 4,1908 

o Some water was diverted past the section by the ditch from Miller and Mastodon forks; this measure- 
ment shows the seepage from the diversion dams and ditches. 
h These measurements probably indicate about the minimum run-off for the season. 



BIRCH CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 181 

Miscellaneous measurements in Birch Creeh drainage basin for 1908-1912 — Continued. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to — 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 

square 

mile. 


June 24,1909 


North Fork Twelve- 

mile Creek. 
. .do 


T-welvemile- 

Creek. 
....do 


Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 
51 

18.5 

60 
7.4 
9.2 
5.5 
a 2. 6 
7.5 

23 
7.7 

13.2 
6.5 

7.0 

3.8 
70 
62 
118 
a 24 
32 
30 

3.0 
a 4.2 

4.9 
19.1 
52 

7.1 

15.7 
108 

96 

49 

28 

17.9 

36 
o24 

a53 

a 26 

45 
115 
16.4 
7.6 
2.1 


Sq. mi. 
22.9 

22.9 
22.9 
22.9 
22.9 
22.9 
22.9 
22.9 
22.9 
22.9 
44.7 
33.3 

27.7 
27.7 

106 

106 

172 

172 
34.7 
34.7 
15.4 
50.8 
17.9 
21.6 
47.3 
6.2 

6.3 

n.4 

U.4 

n.4 
n.4 

11.4 
25.1 
217 

320 

99.2 

94.7 

121 

26.4 

26.4 

4.5 


Sec.-ft. 
2.23 


Aug. 14,1909 


do 


.81 


June 9, 1910 


.do 


...do 


.. ..do 


2.62 


July 13,1910 


do 


do 


do 


.32 


July 28,1910 


do 


do 


do 


.40 


July 17,1911 


do 


do 


do 


.24 


Aug. 3,1911 


do 


....do 


do 


.11 


Aug. 14,1911 


do 


do 


do 


.33 


June 8, 1912 


do 


....do 


do 


1.00 


Aug. 17,1912 


do 


....do 


....do 


.34 


July 19,1912 
Do 


Harrington Fork 

Crooked Creek 

Acme Creek 


do 

Harrington 
Fork. 

Birch Creek 

do 


Above Crooked Creek. 
Mouth 


.30 
.20 


July 3,1912 
Aug. 25,1912 


2 miles above mouth. . 
do 


.25 


do 


.14 


July 3, 1912 


Clums Fork 


do 


Below Bear Creek 

do 


.66 


Aug. 25,1912 
July 25,1910 


do 


do 


.58 


do 


do 


Mouth 


.69 


Aug. 1,1911 


do 


do 


do 


.14 


July 3,1912 


Bear Creek 


Clmns Fork 


.do 


.92 


Aug. 25,1912 
Jiily 25,1910 


do 


.. ..do 


.do 


.87 


McLean Creek 


Birch Creek 


do 


.20 


July 30,1911 


Wolf Creek 


do 


1 m il e above mouth . . . 
Elevation 2,200 feet.... 

Above North Fork 

Below North Fork 

Elevation 2,600 feet.... 

Claim "No. 10 above ". 
Claim "No. 5 above".. 
do 


.083 


July 8, 1908 

July 22,1909 

Do 


Harrison Creek 

do 


do 

do 


.27 

.88 


do 


..do 


1.10 


July 8,1908 
Aug. 13,1909 


North Fork 


Harrison 

Creek. 
do 


1.15 


do 


2.49 


June 13,1909 


do 


do 


9.47 


Do 


do 


do 


8.42 


June 11,1909 


do 


do 


do 


4.30 


Jime 22,1909 


do 


do 


do 


2.46 


June 23,1909 


do 


....do 


do 


1.57 


July 22,1909 


do 


do 


Mouth 


1.43 


July 27,1911 


South Fork 


Birch Creek 

.do 


Above Big Windy 

Creek. 
Below Big Windy 

Creek. 
Mouth 


.11 


Do 


do 


.17 


Do 


Big Windy Creek 

Preacher Creek 


South Fork of 
Birch Creek. 
do 


.26 


July 29,1910 


Above Bachelor Creek. 
Below Bachelor Creek. 
Mouth 


.48 


Aug. 15,1909 


do 


do 


.95 


Do 


Bachelor Creek 

do 

Costa Fork 


Preacher Creek. 
do 

Bachelor Creek. 


.62 


July 29,1910 
July 11,1910 


do 

do 


.29 
.47 











a These measurements probably indicate about the minimum run-off for the season. 

CROOKED CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Crooked Creek, which is formed by the junction of Mammoth and 
Porcupine creeks, meanders through a rather broad valley for about 
30 miles and discharges its waters into Birch Creek about 10 miles 
above Fourteenmile House. Not far below Central House the valley 
loses its identity in the fiats of Birch Creek. 

Mastodon and Independence creeks unite to form Mammoth Creek, 
which receives Miller Creek from the west about 2 miles below the 
junction. The total length of that portion of the stream called 
Mammoth Creek is less than 4 miles. 



182 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOIT-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Mastodon Creek (see PL VI, A) is the most important gold-producing 
stream in the Circle district. Its water supply is very small but is 
exceedingly important for local use. Three small hydraulic plants 
have been installed on the creek. They have sufficient water to 
operate only a small part of the time but can be used to a good advan- 
tage to strip the ground and prepare it for other methods of recovering 
the gold. 

Deadwood and Boulder creeks are tributaries from the south, below 
and above Central House, respectively. They follow parallel courses 
about 3 miles apart and are each about 18 miles long. 

Albert Creek, the principal tributary from the north, drains the 
southern slope of the Crazy Mountains. 

Portage Creek rises in the divide between Birch and Crooked 
creeks, about 10 miles east of Deadwood Creek. It flows northeast 
for about 8 miles to Medicine Lake. 

Placer mining in the Circle district is largely confined to the tribu- 
taries of Crooked Creek. Most of the richer claims are now worked 
out and the problem of obtaining water for hydraulicking the low- 
grade ground is particularly difficult. Dredging or other methods 
requiring relatively small quantities of water to recover the gold may 
have to be resorted to. The run-off from the area is less than from 
adjoining areas. The creeks are liable to a very low minimum dis- 
charge and, owing to the steep barren slopes, are flashy in character. 
Nearly all the timber in the headwaters has been cut off and much 
of the basin has been burned over. 

PORCITPINE CREEK ABOVE DITCH INTAKE. 

Porcupine Creek rises on the north slope of Porcupine Dome. Its 
headwater tributaries interlock with those of Loper and Willow 
creeks at an elevation of 4,000 to 5,000 feet. It flows east for about 
14 miles and unites with Mammoth Creek to form Crooked Creek. 
Its vaUey is extremely asymmetric ; the north side is steep and 
narrow and uncut by any streams of consequence; the south slope 
is more gradual and contributes most of the drainage. Considerable 
spruce grows along the banks of the stream and on the northern slope. 
On the south the basin is nearly devoid of all tree growth. 

Bonanza Creek, the largest tributary of Porcupine Creek, enters it 
about 4 miles above its mouth. Its upper basin is rather steep and 
barren and causes wide fluctuations in stream flow. Large bodies of 
ice accumulate in the stream bed during the winter and aid slightly 
in keeping up the flow early in the summer. The water for the 
hydraulic plant on Mammoth Creek (see p. 333) is diverted from Porcu- 
pine and Bonanza creeks at an elevation of about 2,350 feet and is 
conducted to the left bank of Mammoth Creek by a ditch 10.3 miles 
long. The lower part of the ditch, below the Bonanza intake, was 



BIRCH CEEEK DEAINAGE BASIN. 183 

constructed in 1908 and 1909 and is 6.5 miles long with a bottom width 
of 7 feet and a grade of 5 feet per mile. The upper section, between 
Bonanza and Porcupine creeks, was completed in 1910. Some of the 
construction methods used were described in a previous report,^ as 
follows : 

Much difficulty was experienced in completing this section of the ditch on account 
of ground ice along the steep slopes near the Porcupine intake. Wherever the ditch 
line crossed these pockets of nearly clear ice, the ice was kept exposed to the open 
air and a drain provided to expedite thawing. This process of thawing quickly opened 
up a good-sized hole in the side of the hill, and when it was possible to provide a good 
foundation the space below the ditch was filled in with layers of moss and dirt. This 
ditch was built to a grade of 5.3 feet per mile, with a width of 6.5 feet on the bottom. 
The usual form of construction, which consists of making the bottom of a ditch level, 
was not followed in building the upper ditch. The method adopted constitutes 
digging the side next to the hillside five-tenths deeper than the embankment side. 
When carrying water, a ditch with this cross section will have its greatest depth next 
to the hillside, and as the highest velocity of a stream or ditch is usually at the deepest 
section it is thought that the tendency of the water to cut the embankment will thus 
be decreased. 

The thawing of ground ice beneath the bottom of the ditch and 
seepage through loose rock soil has been a continual source of trouble 
along the lower ditch. These troubles have been described as 
follows : ^ 

The ditch was built along the hillside, and as the ice in the bottom thawed the 
water followed the hue of thaw until often it finally escaped to the surface below the 
lower bank. Unless these underground channels were soon discovered and moss was 
tamped into the openings in the bottom of the ditch, they rapidly wore larger and 
frequently only a few hours were required before the whole outside bank of the ditch 
near the break was groundsluiced away. In many places where the bottom of the 
ditch was impervious the outer bank, which is mostly in fill, settled and shd, and if 
allowed to fall below the water level the overflowing water did considerable damage 
if not immediately stopped. Moss sod was generally used for repair work. In repair- 
ing the large breaks the bottom and sides were built up with soil and then fined with 
sod. Moss was thoroughly tamped into all holes and crevices in the bottom and then 
puddled with clay. In repairing the settling bank the sod was cut in rectangular 
strips and successive layers were placed and tamped as the settling proceeded. In 
some places this settling and rebuilding continued to such an extent that very Uttle, 
if any, of the original fill could be seen. 

In order to determine the water available for diversion a gage was 
placed in the creek about 100 feet above the intake to the ditch on 
June 6, 1910. Daily readings were obtained from July 4 to August 
18, 1910. A dam which was later constructed caused backwater on 
the gage and the station was abandoned. 

1 Ellsworth, 0. E., and Parker, G. L., Placer mining in the Yukon-Tanana region: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 
480, pp. 161-162, 1911. 

2 Ellsworth, C. E., Placer mining in the Yukon-Tanana region: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 442, p. 236, 1910. 



184 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAIsrANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Porcupine Creek above ditch intake in 1908-1911. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 6.. 


1908. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
12.6 

25 


June 6 


1910. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
25 




1909. 




July 15.. 
22.. 




0.36 
.51 


3.3 






10.2 


Aug. 12. 


July 20.. 


1911. 










2.7 











Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Porcupine Creek above ditch 

intake for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 17.8 square miles. Observer, Frank Miller.] 





July. 


August. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
heignt. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






0.79 
.68 
.55 
.55 
.49 

.45 
.44 
.44 
.41 
.40 

.38 
.36 
.36 
.35 
.35 

.35 
.33 
.35 


23 

17.7 
11.4 
11.4 

8.8 

7.1 
6.7 
6.7 
5.4 
5.0 

4.5 
4.0 
4.0 
3.7 

3.7 

3.7 
3.2 
3.7 


21 


0.58 
.52 
.50 
.56 
.55 

.51 
.48 
.45 
.45 
1.48 
1.12 


12.8 
10.1 
9.2 
11.9 
11.4 

9.6 
8.4 
7.1 
7.1 

62 

41 






2 






22 






3 






23 






4 


0.50 


9.2 
14 

11 
5.0 
5.0 
3.7 
5.0 

4.5 
.3.7 
3.7 
4.0 
4.0 

2.9 
3.0 

30 

27 

17.7 


24 






5 


25 






6 




26 






7 


.40 
.40 
.35 
.40 

.38 
.35 
.35 
.36 
.36 

.32 


27 






8 


28 






9 


29 






10 


30 








31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge... 






12 




12.3 
0.691 

0.80 
62 
2.9 
B 






13 


7.43 


14 


Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 


0.417 


16 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 

Maximum 






17 


0.28 


18 


.92 

.85 
.68 


23 


19 


Minimum 




3.2 


20 






Accuracy 




B 















Note. — Discharges above 15 second-feet are only approximate. 

PORCUPINE CREEK BELOW DITCH INTAKE. 

This station was established June 2, 1912. The gage was located 
about 200 feet below the intake dam. The natural flow of the creek 
at this point can be obtained by adding the discharge of the Porcupine 
ditch at the intake. The records are only approximate during me- 
dium stages, but show fairly accurately the periods when the entire 
flow was being diverted. 

Discharge measurements of Porcupine Creek below ditch intake in 1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Jime 2 


Feet. 
3.01 
1.89 


Sec.-ft. 
75 


Sept. 7 


5.0 







Note. — Zero discharge at about gage height 1.5. 



BIRCH GREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



185 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Porcupine Creek below ditch 

intake for 1912. 

[DraiBage area, 17.8 square miles. Observer, Frank Miller.) 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 














































2.50 
2.40 
2.20 
1.92 






s 







27 
22 
13.5 
5.6 






















1.85 
2.25 
2.22 
2.12 
2.02 

1.85 
1.78 
1.68 
1.70 
1.70 

1.60 
1.55 

2.50 
2.40 
2.48 
2.32 
2.25 


4.2 


2 


3.02 


75 
55 
35 
12.8 

2.9 

1.6 








5.1 

27 
34 
71 

121 
56 
34 
60 
66 

15,4 

56 
214 
295 

228 

40 

18.3 

3.2 









15.4 


3 


14.3 


4 . 


2.61 
2.18 

1.78 
1.70 


10.7 


5 


8.0 


6 


4.2 


7 


2.9 


8 


1.4 


9 




1.6 


10 




1.6 


11 . . 




.6 


12 


1.90 
2.50 
2.60 
2.98 

3.40 

2.85 
2.60 
2.88 
2.85 

2.25 
2.85 
4.15 
4.75 
4.25 

2.68 
2.32 
1.80 
1.50 


.3 


13 





i4 





15 





16 


27 


17 


22 


18 


26 


19 


18.3 


20 


15.4 


21 . . . 










23 












25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 ; 


























Mean discharge 




52.3 









2.19 




8.70 









Note. — ^The discharge rating curve for this station is fairly well defined below 75 second-feet. 
PORCITPINE CREEK BELOW BONANZA CREEK. 

This station was established July 4, 1908. The gage was located 
about 300 feet below the mouth of Bonanza Creek. The channel 
conditions were fairly stable during periods of medium and low water, 
but at times of high water radical changes have taken place, and several 
different rating tables have been used in estimatiag the discharges. 
The gage datum has remained constant. 



186 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Porcupine Creek helovj Bonanza Creeh in 1908-1912. 



Date. 



1908, 

July 4.. 

6.. 

Sept. 7.. 

1909, 
June 11.. 

21.. 
Aug. 11.. 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


1.55 


25 


1.58 


26 


1.70 


39 


2.70 


246 


2.30 


64 


1.98 


32 



Date. 



1910. 
May 29.. 
June 5 . . 
July 15.. 

22.. 

1911 
June 5 . . 
July 20.. 

20.. 
Aug. 16.. 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


1.90 


24 


2.18 


59 


1.48 


9.7 


1.51 


13.2 


1.98 


50 


1.29 


1.6 


1.35 


2.8 


1.30 


1.6 



Date. 



1912 
June 2. 
July 5 . 
Aug. 19. 
Sept. 7. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 

2.55 
.82 
.83 

1.08 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
141 
1.0 
1.4 
10.1 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Porcupine Creek below Bonanza 

Creek for 1908-1912. 





[Drainage area 39.9 square miles. Observer, 


Frank Miller.] 










1908 a 


1909 6 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 




Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






1.37 
1.37 
1.32 
1.30 
1.29 

1.30 
1.28 
1.32 

1.48 
1.50 


16.1 
16.1 
14.6 
14.0 
13.7 

14.0 

13.5 

14.6 

21 

22 








19 

18 

24 

17.5 

16.0 

13.3 

30 

44 

72 

46 

33 

29 
153 
109 
113 

57 
33 
30 
22 
16.5 

14.2 
15.0 
12.5 
11.6 
11.2 

10.8 

12.5 

14.6 

24 

24 

26 


1.82 
1.82 
1.88 
1.82 
1.80 

1.77 

1.78 
1.86 
2.06 
2.14 

2.00 
1.96 
1.92 
1.91 

1.78 

1.73 
1.70 
1.70 
1.70 
1.70 

1.70 
1.70 
1.68 
1.66 
1.64 

1.62 
1.62 
1.60 
1.60 
1.60 
1.58 


21 
21 
25 
21 
20 

18.5 

19.0 

24 

38 

46 

33 
30 
27 
27 
19.0 

16.5 
15.0 
15.0 
15.0 
15.0 

15.0 
15.0 
14.2 
13.3 
12.5 

11.6 
11.6 
10.8 
10.8 
10.8 
10.0 


1.67 
1.66 
1.64 
1.64 
1.62 

1.61 
1.60 
1.60 
1.60 
1.60 

1.58 
1.60 
1.60 
1.60 
1.60 


13.7 


2 












13.3 


3 












12.5 


4 


1.55 
1.53 

1.79 
2.26 
2.10 
1.95 
1.85 

1.90 
1.72 
1.64 
1.72 
1.76 

1.72 
1.68 
1.61 
1.52 
1.49 

1.44 
1.40 
1.42 
1.50 
1.51 

1.48 
1.46 
1.44 
1.44 
1.42 
1.40 


25 

24 

46 
121 
90 
67 
54 

60 
39 
32 
39 
43 

39 
35 
29 
23 
22 

19.0 

17.0 

18.0 

22 

23 

21 

20 

19.0 

19.0 

18.0 

17.0 






1.75 
1.72 

1.66 
1.96 
2.12 
2.36 
2.14 

2.00 
1.94 
2.74 
2.56 
2.58 

2.24 
2.00 
1.95 
1.84 
1.73 

1.68 
1.70 
1.64 
1.62 
1.61 

1.60 
1.64 
1.69 
1.86 
1.86 
1.90 


12.5 


5 






11.6 


6 






11.2 


7 






10.8 


8 






10.8 


9 






10.8 


10 






10.8 


11 


2.70 
2.90 
2.70 
2.68 
2.78 

2.60 
2.60 
2.50 
2.40 
2.35 

2.32 


246 
335 
246 
240 
164 

117 

117 

96 

78 
71 

67 
66 
64 
58 
54 

51 
47 
43 
39 
35 


10.0 


12 






10.8 


13 






10.8 


14 






10.8 


15 






10.8 


16 








17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22 










23 






2.30 
2.25 
2.22 

2.19 






24 










25 










26 










27... 










28 












29 












30 












31 


























Mean dis- 
charge . . 




35.8 
0.897 

0.93 
121 

17.0 
B 




16.0 
0.401 

0.15 
22 
13.5 
B 




112 




34.6 




19.4 




11.4 


Second-feet per 
square mile... 






Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 




































Minimum 




















Accuracy 






C 




B 




A 




A 









o No water diverted above gage. 

h The discharges for 1909 do not include water diverted above gage and as no daily records of such diver- 
sion are available the natural discharge for 1909 can not be determined. 



BIKCH CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



187 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Porcupine Creek below Bonanza 

Creek for 1908-1912— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. a 
1 






2.32 
2.23 
2.32 
2.22 
2.14 

2.10 
1.99 
1.92 
2.13 
2.43 

2.26 
2.17 
2.06 
1.95 
1.95 

2.03 
1.97 
1.86 
1.92 
2.05 

2.56 
2.51 
2.22 

1.88 
1.81 

1.78 
1.89 
1.94 
2.14 
1.98 


77 
65 
77 
64 
54 

50 
39 
34 
53 
96 

69 
58 
46 
36 
36 

43 
38 
30 
34 
45 

125 

112 

64 

31 

27 

25 
31 
35 
54 

38 


1.76 
1.66 
1.58 
1.50 
1.77 

1.72 
1.60 
1.52 
1.49 
1.46 

1.42 
1.41 
1.40 
1.38 
1.48 

1.44 
1.46 
2.10 
1.82 
1.66 

1.59 
1.52 
1.50 
1.58 
1.57 

1.50 
1.46 
1.56 
1.68 
2.54 
2.12 


24 

18.2 

14.8 

12.0 

24 

21 

15.5 

12.7 

11.6 

10.6 

9.2 

8.8 

8.5 

8.0 

11.3 

9.9 
10.6 
50 
27 
18.2 

15.2 
12.7 
12.0 
14.8 
14.4 

12.0 
10.6 
14.1 
19.1 
120 
52 


1.87 
1.73 
1.64 
1.58 
1.48 

1.48 
1.55 
1.51 
1.48 
1.46 

1.46 
1.42 
1.42 
1.40 
1.38 

1.40 
1.40 
1.41 
1.40 
1.43 

'"'i."42' 
1.42 
1.42 

1.45 
1.47 
1.46 
1.44 
1.43 
1.42 


30 

22 

17.3 

14.8 

11.3 

11.3 
13.8 
12.4 
11.3 
10.6 

10.6 
9.2 
9.2 
8.5 
8.0 

8.5 
8.5 
8.8 
8.5 
9.6 

9.5 
9.4 
9.2 
9.2 
9.2 

10.2 

11.0 

10.6 

9.9 

9.6 

9.2 


1.42 
1.42 
1.41 
1.40 
1.48 

1.54 
1.54 
1.52 
1.51 
1.50 

1.50 
1.50 
1.48 
1.50 
2.05 

2.06 
1.98 
1.89 
1.81 
1.72 


9.2 


2 






9.2 


3 






8.8 


4 






8.5 


5 






11.3 


6 






13.4 


7 






13.4 


8 






12.7 


9 






12.4 


10 






12.0 


11 






12.0 


12 






12.0 


13 






11.3 


14 . 






12.0 


15 






45 


16 






46 


17 






38 


18 






31 








27 


20 






21 


21 


















23. 




















25 










26 










27 










28 












2.04 
2.21 
2.44 


35 
53 
85 






30 






31 




















57.7 
C 




52.9 
C 




20.1 
B 


v.'.'.'.'.'.'. 


11.3 
A 




18.3 


Accviracy 




A 








1911.0 










2.52 
2.38 
2.58 
2.50 
2.44 

2.32 
2.28 
1.98 
1.79 
1.61 

1.66 
1.74 
1.64 
1.55 
1.48 

1.34 
1.41 
1.40 
1.30 
1.34 

1.39 
1.38 
1.36 
1.40 
1.40 

1.40 
1.39 
1.40 
1.35 
1.30 
1.28 


148 
118 
162 
144 
131 

106 
98 
50 

28 
14.7 

18.2 
24 

16.8 
11.1 

7.7 

2.7 
4.7 
4.3 
1.7 
2.7 

4.0 
3.8 
3.3 
4.3 
4.3 

4.3 
4.0 
4.3 
3.0 
1.7 
1.3 


1.29 
1.28 
1.30 
1.28 
1.28 

1.28 
1.28 
1.27 
1.27 
1.28 

1.26 
.26 
1.28 
1.28 
1.30 

1.30 
1.42 
1.64 
1.53 
1,44 

1.30 
1.30 
1.28 

1.28 
1.28 

1.28 
1.28 
1.26 
1.28 
1.28 


1.5 
1.3 
1.7 
1.3 
1.3 

1.3 
1.3 
1.1 
1.1 
1.3 

.9 

.9 

1.3 

1.3 

1.7 

1.7 

5.1 

16.8 

10.2 

6,0 

1.7 
1.7 
1.3 
1.3 
1,3 

1,3 
1,3 
.9 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 


1.28 
1.28 
1.28 
1.28 
1.28 

1.31 
1.30 
1.30 
1.29 
1.30 

1.31 
1.30 
1.31 
1.48 


1.3 


2 










1.3 


3 










1.3 


4 










1.3 








2.10 

2.38 
2.18 
2.12 
2.08 
1.95 

1.88 
1.90 
2.09 
2.08 
2.28 

2.22 
2.24 
2.22 
2.23 
2,02 

2.00 
1.92 
1.94 
1.88 
1.80 

1.76 
1.82 
1.70 
1.80 
2.02 


67 

118 
81 
70 
64 
46 

38 
40 
66 
64 
98 

88 
91 
88 
89 
55 

52 

42 
45 
38 
29 

26 
31 
21 
29 
55 


1.3 








2.0 


7 






1.7 


8 






1.7 


9 






1.5 


10 






1.7 


11 






2.0 








1.7 


13 






2,0 


14 






7.7 


15 








16 




















18 




















20 










21 










22 




















24 










25 










26 










27 










28 










29 










30 










31 


















58.9 
B 




36.5 
B 




2.38 
A 




2,04 


Accuracy 








A 



a To determine the natural discharge for 1910 and 1911 add the discharge of Bonanza ditch at intake. 



188 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Porcupine Creek below Bonanza 

Creek for 1908-19 U—Qo^Xximed.. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 . . . 






0.90 
.90 

.88 
.86 
.84 

.83 
.80 
.80 
.80 
.80 

.80 
.80 
.80 
.80 
.80 

.78 
.80 
.80 
.80 
.80 

.80 
.80 
.80 
.80 
.80 

""'.'so" 


3.0 
3.0 
2.6 
2.1 
1.7 

1.5 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

.7 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 


'"6." so" 
"""."so" 

1.50 
1.40 
1.25 

'"i'.m 

.90 

""""."ss" 
"'".'so' 

""."so" 

""*96" 
.90 


0.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

39 
30 
19.8 
13.4 
7.0 

3.0 
2.4 
1.9 
1.3 

.8 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

.8 
1.9 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 


'""i."36" 
1.40 
1.35 
1.25 

1.18 

""""."97" 
1.00 

'"'"."ss' 

1.40 

"""i."76" 
"""i.'so" 


13.0 


2 


2.55 
2.55 
2.10 
1.48 

1.42 
1.40 
1.37 
1.35 
1.35 

1.32 
1.35 
1.80 

1.85 
1.80 

2.60 
2.20 
2.75 
2.10 
1.68 

1.55 
2.20 
3.4 
3.1 

2.8 

2.2 
1.85 
1.35 
1.00 
.92 


142 
142 
67 
7.6 

5.2 
4.4 
3.5 
2.9 
2.9 

2.0 
2.9 

29 

34 

29 

150 

83 
176 

67 

19.6 

11.2 

83 
297 
320 
251 

133 

81 

26 
7.0 
3.8 


23 


3 


30 


4 


26 


5 


19.8 


6 . . 


15.5 


7 


12.3 


8 


9.0 


9 


5.8 


10 


7.0 


11 


5.7 


12 


4.4 


13 


3.1 


14 


1.9 


15 


16 


16 


30 


17 


46 


18 


61 


19 


50 


20 


39 


21 




22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 






















75.3 
D 




1.09 
A 




4.69 
B 




20.9 


Accuracy 




B 









a To determine the natural discharge for 1911 add the discharge of the Bonanza ditch at intake. 

Note. — Channel shifted considerably on Jxme 23 and 24. New rating applied, begtohitig June 24. Old 
rating only approximate. New rating curve well defined below 15 second-feet. 

To obtain the natural flow for 1912 add the discharge of Bonanza ditch below junction with Porcupine 
branch. 

CROOKED CREEK AT CENTRAL HOUSE. 

This station was established June 15, 1909. The creek divides a 
short distance above the gage, which is located in the main channel. 
This channel carries all the flow at low and medium stages. The 
relation between gage height and discharge has not remained con- 
stant. Channel conditions have changed to some extent and the 
gage datum has varied slightly from year to year. Sufiicient meas- 
urements, however, have been made, so that each year, with the 
exception of 1909, the rating curve has been fairly well defined, and 
it is improbable that any large errors have been introduced. 

The minimum discharge recorded at this station was 4.5 second- 
feet and occurred from August 5 to 15, 1911. Beneath the creek 
bed there is probably considerable thawed gravel, through which 
most of the low-water flow passes. 



BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 189 

Discharge measurements of Crooked Creek at Central House in 1908-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
June 30 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
58 
52 
86 

319 
239 
143 
165 


1910. 
May 30 

31 

July 17 

19 

20 

1911. 
May 29 

31... 

July 23 

25 


Feet. 
1.59 
1.82 
.66 
1.50 
1.35 

1.78 

1.58 

.32 

.25 


Sec.-ft. 
208 
311 
30 
172 
122 

306 

230 
12.5 
10.0 


1911— Contd. 

Aug. 17 

21 

1912. 
May 26 

31 

July 7 

13 

15 

Sept. 9 


Feet. 

0.62 

.55 

1.25 
1.52 

.66 

.56 

.49 

1.06 


Sec.-ft. 
27 


July 1 




28 


Sept. 9 






1909. 
June 15 

20 

Aug. 9 

10 


1.82 
1.68 
1.30 
1.45 


101 
187 

21 

12.2 
9.1 

65 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Crooked Creek at Central House 

for 1909-1912. 

[Drainage area, 161 square miles. Observers: H. A. Stade, 1909, 1911-12; "W. H. Bayless, 1910.] 





Jvme. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 ^ 






1.28 
1.15 
1.05 
1.20 
1.20 

1.20 
1.25 
1.42 
1.65 
1.52 

1.40 
1.32 
2.75 
2.20 
2.32 

1.78 
1.45 
1.30 
1.20 
1.05 

1.00 

.85 
.80 
.80 
.68 

.65 

.55 

.65 

1.28 

1.18 

1.28 


138' 

122 

113 

128 
128 

128 
134 
162 
228 
186 

158 
144 
1,170 
635 
744 

294 
169 
140 
128 
113 

109 
97 
93 
93 

84 

82 

75 

82 

138 

126 

138 


1.28 
1.18 
1.20 
1.35 
1.20 

1.08 
.98 
1.05 
1.30 
1.42 

1.38 
1.28 
1.22 
1.18 
1.08 

.98 
.92 
.88 
.80 
.92 

1.02 
1.05 

.88 
.78 
.68 

.68 
.72 
.62 
.52 
.45 
.40 


138 
126 
128 
149 
128 

115 
107 
113 
140 
162 

154 
137 
130 
126 
115 

107 

103 

99 

93 

103 

111 

113 
99 
91 

84 

84 
87 
79 
73 
69 
66 


0.35 
.30 
.25 
.20 
.10 

.00 


63 


2 






60 


3 






58 


4 






55 


5 






50 


6 






45 


7 








8 










9 











10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 


1.80 

1.90 
1.50 
1.95 
1.85 
1.65 

1.50 
1.45 
1.38 
1.62 
1.55 

1.65 
1.58 
1.58 
1.45 
1.32 


305 

380 
180 
420 
342 
228 

180 
169 
154 
216 
194 

228 
202 
202 
169 
144 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




232 
1.44 

0.86 
420 
144 

C 




202 
1.25 

1.44 
1,170 
75 
C 




111 

0.69 

0.80 
162 
66 
C 




^^ 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.34 
0.08 


Rvm-ofl (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




Maximum 




Minimum 




45 


Accuracy 




c 









190 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Crooked Creeh at Central House 

for 1909-1912— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.40 
1.50 
1.63 
1.65 
1.35 

1.40 
1.30 
1.25 
1.20 
1.80 

1.70 
1.60 
1.50 
1.40 
1.30 

1.25 
1.30 
1.25 
1.15 
1.10 

1.30 
1.90 
1.70 
1.50 
1.30 

1.20 
1.20 
1.50 
2.00 
2.10 


139 
173 
225 
234 
126 

139 
112 

102 

91 

300 

255 
212 
173 
139 
112 

102 
112 
102 

82 
74 

112 
348 
255 
173 
112 

91 

91 

173 

397 

448 


1.90 
1.50 
1.30 
1.10 
1.30 

1.55 
1.30 
1.10 
1.05 
1.00 

.95 
.90 

.85 
.80 

'""."67" 
1.70 
1.50 
1.35 

1.25 
1.30 
1.35 
1.30 
1.20 

1.10 

1.00 

.90 

.80 

.70 

1.60 


348 
173 
112 
74 
112 

192 
112 

74 
68 
61 

56 
50 
45 
40 
36 

33 

30 

255 

173 

126 

102 
112 
126 
112 
91 

74 
61 
50 
40 
32 
212 


1.50 
1.20 
1.10 
1.00 
.90 

.85 
.70 
.65 


173 


2 






91 


3 






74 


4 






61 


5 






50 


6 






45 


7 






32 


8 






29 


9 








10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 


1.50 

1.50 
1.30 
1.25 
1.20 
1.30 

1.35 
1.40 
1.30 
1.40 
1.60 

1.30 
1.10 


173 

173 
112 
102 
91 
112 

126 
139 
112 
139 
212 

112 
74 
50 
173 
234 
300 






16 






17 






18 












20 






21 :... 












23 












25 






26 






27 






28 








1.50 
1.65 
1.80 






30 


























143 

0.888 

0.56 
300 
50 
B 




173 
1.07 

1.19 

448 
74 
B 




103 
0.640 

0.74 
348 
32 
B 




69.4 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.431 


area) 




0.13 






0,173 


Minimum 




29 


Accuracy 




B 









BIRCH CEEEK DRAHSTAGE BASIN. 



191 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Crooked Creeh at Central House 

for 1909-1912— Continued. 



• 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
e. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






2.05 
1.85 
1.75 
1.70 
1.78 

2.20 
1.95 
1.58 
1.75 
1.62 

1.48 
1.45 
1.70 
1.72 
1.80 

1.68 
1.70 
2.05 
1.90 
1.68 

1.55 
1.50 
1.42 
1.42 
1.32 

1.25 
1.25 
1.22 
1.20 
1.18 


416 
332 
292 
273 
304 

481 
374 
229 
292 
243 

194 
184 
273 
265 

281 

266 
273 
416 
353 
266 

218 
200 
174 
174 
146 

128 
128 
120 
115 
111 


1.18 
1.50 
2.68 
2.45 
2.38 

1.95 
1.90 
1.55 
1.42 
1.15 

.95 
.95 
.95 
.82 
.70 

.68 
.70 
.70 
.62 
.62 

.60 
.60 
.52 
.30 
.24 

.24 
.18 
.18 
.20 
.10 
.08 


Ill 
200 
695 
591 
560 

374 
353 
218 
174 
104 

68 
.68 
68 
51 
38 

36 
38 
38 
32 
32 

30 

30 

24 

12.2 

10.0 

10.0 

8.1 
8.1 
8.5 
6.5 
6.2 


0.02 



- .02 

- .05 

- .05 

- .05 

- .05 

- .05 

- .05 

- .05 

- .05 

- .05 

- .05 

- .05 

.50 
.55 
.60 
.45 
.50 

.50 
.50 
.40 
.35 
.30 

.30 
.30 
.25 
.30 
.25 
.20 


5.3 


2 






5.0 


3 






5.0 


4 






4.8 


5 






4.5 


6 






4.5 


7 






4.5 


8 






4.5 


9 






4.5 


10 






4.5 


11 






4.5 


12 






4.5 


13 






4.5 


14 






4.5 


15 






4.5 


16 






23 


17 






26 


18 






30 








20 


20 






23 


21 






23 








23 


23 






17.0 








14.6 


25 






12.2 


26 


. 




12.2 


27 






12.2 


28 






10.4 




1.80 
1.68 
1.65 


312 
266 
254 


12.2 


30 


10.4 




8.5 














277 
1.72 

0-19 
312 
254 

A 





251 
1.56 

1.74 
481 
111 

A 




129 
0.801 

0.92 
695 
6.2 

A 




11.2 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.070 


area) 




0.08 






30 


Minimum 




4.5 


Accuracy 




A 









192 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of CrooTced Creeh at Central House 

for 1909-1912— Gontimied. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






2.40 
2.60 
2.30 
1.80 
1.45 

1.25 

1.18 

.98 

.95 

.95 

.80 

.85 

1.35 

1.45 

1.40 

2.50 
1.90 
1.55 
2.05 
1.70 

1.40 
1.52 
2.80 
3.20 
3.10 

2.60 
2.05 
1.70 
1.50 
1.15 


546 
635 
503 
293 
164 

106 
89 
52 

48 
48 

30 

36 

132 

164 

147 

590 
334 
198 
397 
254 

147 
187 
726 
916 

868 

635 
397 
254 
180 

82 


1.00 
.92 
.90 

.88 
.80 

.75 
.68 
.65 
.60 
.65 

.65 
.60 
.58 
.55 
.50 

.50 
.50 
.50 
.45 

.48 

.45 
.45 
.48 
.45 
.45 

.50 
.45 

.45 
.48 
.45 
.40 


55 
44 
41 
39 
30 

26 
19.7 
17.8 
14.5 

17.8 

17.8 
14.5 
13.6 
12.2 
9.8 

9.8 
9.8 
9.8 
8.6 
9.3 

8.6 
8.6 
9.3 
8.6 
8.6 

9.8 
8.6 
8.6 
9.3 
8.6 
7.5 


0.40 
.45 
.45 
.45 
.45 

.45 
.55 
.95 
.90 
.95 

.98 
1.50 
1.48 
1.28 
1.15 

1.05 

1.00 

.90 

.88 

.90 

.85 
.82 
.80 
.80 
.80 

.80 
.95 
.98 
.95 
.90 
.90 


7.5 
8.6 
8.6 
8.6 
8.6 

8.6 
12.2 
48 
41 

48 

52 
180 
173 
113 

82 

64 
55 
41 
39 
41 

36 
32 
30 
30 
30 

30 

48 
52 
48 
41 
41 


1.00 
1.22 
1.30 
1.35 
1.25 

1.28 
1.25 
1.18 
1.10 
1.05 

1.08 
1.10 
1.10 
1.05 
1.05 

1.10 
1.45 

1.80 
1.60 
1.58 

1.62 
1.65 
1.48 
1.30 
1.25 

1.18 
1.10 
1.10 
1.09 
1.09 


55 

98 

118 

132 

106 

113 

106 
89 

72 
64 

69 

72 
72 
64 
64 

72 
164 
293 
216 
209 

224 
235 
173 
118 
106 

89 
72 
72 
70 
70 


1.08 

1.05 

1.00 

.95 

.90 

.90 

.88 
.90 
.90 

.85 

.80 
.80 
.90 
.90 
1.00 

1.00 
1.00 
1.00 


69 


2 






64 


3 






55 


4 






48 


5 






41 


6 






41 


7 






39 


8 






41 


9 


0.80 
.75 

.82 

.98 

1.15 

1.52 

1.30 

1.42 
1.60 
1.58 
1.60 
1.42 

1.30 
1.38 
1.85 
1.52 
1.42 

1.32 
1.25 
1.42 
1.80 
1.85 
1.55 


30 
26 

32 

52 

82 

187 

118 

154 
216 
209 
216 
154 

118 
141 
214 
187 
154 

124 
106 
154 
293 
214 
198 


41 


10 


36 


11 


30 


12 


30 


13 


41 


14 


41 


15 


55 


16 


55 


17 


55 


18 


55 


19 




20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















■ Mean dis- 
charge. . 
Second-feet per 
square mile . . 
Eun-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 
Maximum 




147 
0.913 

0.78 
293 
26 
A 




305 
1.89 

2.11 
916 
30 
B 




16.6 
0.103 

1.19 
55 
7.5 
A 




47.0 
0.292 

0.34 
180 
7.5 

A 




116 
0.720 

0.80 
293 
55 
A 




46.5 
0.289 

0.19 
69 


Minimum 




30 


Accuracy 




A 









BONANZA CREEK ABOVE DITCH INTAKE. 

This station was established July 4, 1908. Serious changes in the 
channel took place during the period covered by the records. The 
data are subject to large errors and should only be used with extreme 
care. 

Discharge measurements of Bonanza Creek above ditch intake in 1908-9. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 4.. 


1908. 


Feet. 
1.00 
1.02 
.92 


Sec.-ft. 
12.4 
13.0 
12.3 


June 12.. 

21.. 

Aug. 11.. 


1909. 


Feet. 
1.95 
.50 
.20 


Sec.-ft. 
82 


6.. 






26 


Sept. 7.. 






16 











BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



193 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Bonanza Creek above ditch 

intake for 1908-1910. 

[Drainage area, 7.9 square miles. Observer, Frank MUler.] 





1908 








1909 






Day. 


July. 


August. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 




Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 1 Dis- 
height. charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage Dis- 
height. charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 . . 








8 
8 
8 
8 
8 






0.21 
.20 
.48 
.28 
.20 

.15 
.18 
.18 
.30 
.32 

.32 
.32 

.78 
.29 
.62 

.32 
.24 
.24 
.22 
.22 

.21 
.21 
.21 
.20 

.18 

.16 
.17 
.19 
.22 
.22 
.22 


16.0 

15.7 

25 

17.9 

15.7 

14.5 
15.2 
15.2 
18.5 
19.2 

19.2 
19.2 
49 

18.2 
34 

19.2 
16.8 
16.8 
16.3 
16.3 

16.0 
16.0 
16.0 
15.7 
15.2 

14.7 
15.0 
15.5 
16.3 
16.3 
16.3 


0.24 

.28 
.28 
.18 
.28 

.28 
.20 
.25 
.28 
.28 

.19 
.27 
.24 
.22 
.20 

.18 
.15 
.13 
.13 
.11 

.10 
.10 
.08 
.05 
.17 

.16 
.13 
.12 
.11 
.10 
.08 


16.8 
17.9 
17.9 
15.2 
17.9 

17.9 
15.7 
17.1 
17.9 
17.9 

15.5 
17.7 
16.8 
16.3 
15.7 

15.2 
14.5 
14.0 
14.0 
13.5 

13.3 
13.3 
12.9 
12.4 
15.0 

14.8 
14.0 
13.8 
13.5 
13.3 
12.9 


0.04 

- .02 

- .04 

- .04 

- .05 

- .06 

- .08 

- .08 

- .09 

- .09 

- .10 

- .10 

- .10 

- .10 


12 2 


2 












11.1 


3 












10.8 


4 


1.00 


12 
12 

13 
37 
35 
27 
19 

18 
16 
14 
13 
12 

11 
11 
10 
10 
10 

9 

9 

9 

10 

10 

10 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 


0.72 
.71 






10.8 


5 






10 6 


6 


1.02 
1.65 
1.60 






10.4 


7 










10.1 


8 










10.1 


9 










10 


10 .. 


1.20 










10 


11 










9 8 


12 








0.95 
.70 
.68 
.60 

.60 


82 
40 
38 
32 

32 
32 
30 
28 
27 

26 
26 
26 
24 

22 

20 
20 
20 
20 
19.2 


9 8 


13 


.98 
.94 
.92 






9.8 


14 






9.8 


15 








16 










17 












18 














19 














20 


.81 

.80 

.78 












21 






.50 






22 











23 






.50 





24 


.83 






1 


25 












26 


.81 
.79 

.80 










... 


27 












28 












29 












30 








.32 






31 


























Mean dis- 
charge. . 




12.3 
1.56 

180 
37 
9 
D 




8 
1.01 

0.19 

8 
8 
D 




30 
3.80 

2.68 
82 
19.2 
B 




18.4 
2.33 

2.69 
49 
14.5 
B 




15.3 
1.94 

2.24 
17.9 
12.4 
B 




10.4 


Second-feet per 
square mile . . 




1.32 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 




.68 
12.2 


Minimum 




9.8 


Acctiracy 




B 



Day. 


June. 


July. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


1910. 
1 . 


38 
32 
36 
30 
29 

23 
20 
20 
24 
42 

35 
30 
21 
16 
15 

19 
16 
12 
14 
19 


19 
15 
10 
9 
32 

25 
14 
12 
13 
10 

9 

8 
8 
7 
5 

5 
5 

30 
18 
13 


1910— Continued. 
2) 


28 
30 
27 
24 
15 

18 
18 
20 
35 
30 


11 


2 


22 


10 


3 


23 


11 


4 


24 


16 


5 


25 


12 


6 


26 


9 


7 


27 


8 


8 


28 


8 


9 


29 


8 


10 


30 


27 




31 


30 


1] 


Mean discharge 




12 


24.5 
3.10 

3.46 
D 


13.5 


13 


Second-feet per square mile. . . 

Run-off (depth in inches on 

drainage area) 


1.71 


14 




J5 


1.97 




Accuracy 


D 


16 






17 




18 




19 




20 









Note. — These discharges were obtained by indirect methods and may be considerably in error. 
42913°— WSP 342—15 13 



194 STJKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAITA EEGION, ALASKA. 
BONANZA CREEK BELOW DITCH INTAKE. 

A gage was installed on Bonanza Creek June 5, 1911, just below 
the ditch intake, to take the place of the one above the intake at 
which records had been kept during the three previous years. In 
order to obtain the natural flow of the creek at this point the discharge 
of Bonanza ditch at intake should be added. 

Discharge measurements of Bonanza Creeh below ditch intake, 1911-12. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 5 . . 


19n. 


Feet. 
3.35 
2.65 


Sec.-ft. 
18.6 
0.30 


.Tune 2. . 


1912. 


Feet. 
5.10 

4.48 
4.48 


Sec.-ft. 
44 


July 20 


July 5 


.28 






Sept. 7 


a. 50 









a Estimated. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in .second-feet, of Bonanza Creek below ditch 

intake for 1911-12. 

[Observer, Frank Miller.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






3.06 
3.00 
3.44 
3.22 
2.95 

2.70 
2.70 

2.68 
2.68 
2.68 

2.68 
2.68 
2.66 
2.64 
2.64 

2.64 
2.64 
2.64 
2.64 
2.64 

2.64 
2.64 
2.64 
2.64 
2.65 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 


6.7 
5.0 

25 

12.4 
4.0 

.7 
.7 
.5 
.5 
.5 

.5 
.5 
.4 
.3 
.3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 


2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 

2.66 
2.66 
2.66 
2.66 
2.65 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.64 


0.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
•3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 

.4 
.3 
.3 
.4 
.3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 


2.64 
2.64 
2.64 
2.64 
2.64 

2.64 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 


0.3 


2 






.3 


3 






.3 


4 






.3 


5 


3.35 

3.22 
3.12 
3.03 
3.08 

2.88 

2.74 
2.88 
2.98 
3.00 
3.12 

3.00 
3.16 
2.97 
2.96 
2.76 

2.90 
2.90 
2.74 
2.71 
2.71 

2.71 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 


19.0 

12.4 

8.5 
5.8 
7.2 

2.7 

1.1 

2.7 
4.6 
5.0 

8.5 

5.0 
10.0 
4.4 
4.2 
1.2 

3.0 

.7 

1.1 

.8 

.8 

.8 

.7 
.7 
.7 

.7 


.3 


6 


.3 


7 


.3 


8 


.3 


9... 


.3 


10 


.3 


11 


.3 


12 


.3 


13 


.3 


14 




15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 ... 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




4.32 
B 




2.03 
B 




.30 
B 




.30 


Accuracy 




B 



BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



195 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Bonanza Creek below ditch 

intake for 1911-12 — Continued, 





Jmie. 


July. 


August, 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge, 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge, 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge, 


1912. 

1 : 






4.49 
4.49 

4.48 
4.48 
4.48 

4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 

4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 

4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 

4.47 
4.47 
4.47 
4.47 
4.47 

4.47 
4.47 
4.47 
4.47 
4.47 
4.47 


0.4 
.4 
.3 
.3 
,3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
,3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 

.3 
.3 
,3 
.3 
.3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 

.3 
,3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 


4.47 
4.47 
4.47 
4.47 
4.47 

4.47 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 

4.64 
4.51 
4.50 
4.52 
4.49 

4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 

4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 

4.48 
4.49 
4.48 
4.49 
4.49 
4.48 


0.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 
.3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
,3 
.3 

2.4 
.6 
,5 

.7 
.4 

,3 
,3 
.3 
.3 
.3 

.3 


4.48 
4.49 
4.49 
4.49 
4.49 

4.49 

4.48 
4.48 
4.48 
4.48 

4.48 
4.48 

4.48 
4.48 
4.48 

4.48 
4.50 
4.70 
4.60 
4.64 

4.90 


0.3 


2 


5.20 
5.10 
4.46 
4.22 

4.21 
4,20 
4.20 
4.21 
4.20 

4.20 
4.22 

4.28 
4.38 
4.82 

5.11 
4.27 
4.24 
4.90 
4.32 

4.22 
4.72 
5.70 
5.40 
5.38 

5.15 
4.92 
4.92 
4.60 
4.49 


51 
44 
5.3 
,6 

.5 
.4 
.4 
.5 
,4 

.4 

.6 

1.3 

2.9 

25 

45 

1.2 
.8 
30 

1.9 

.6 
19 
90 
46 
44 

26 
12 
12 
1.6 
.4 


.4 


3 


.4 


4 


.4 


5 


.4 


6 


,4 


7 


,3 


8 


,3 


9 


,3 


10 


,3 


11 


,3 


12 


,3 


13 


.3 


14 


,3 


15 


,3 


16 


.3 


17 


.5 


18 


3.7 




1.6 


20 


2.4 


21 


11 


22 




23 


.3 
,3 
,3 

.3 
.4 
,4 
.4 
.4 
.3 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















16.0 
D 




.31 
D 




.41 
D 




1.17 


Accuracy 




D 









Note, — New rating used after June 22, 1912, Discharges only approximate. Seepage through apd 
beneath the diversion dam was about 0.3 second-foot. 

INDEPENDENCE CREEK AT CLAIM "NO. 9 ABOVE." 

This station was established June 6, 1911. The channel was fairly 
permanent, but sufficient measurements were not made to give a 
well-defined discharge curve. It was necessary to abandon the sta- 
tion in 1912 because an indeterminate amount of water was being 
diverted above the gage for sluicing. 

Discharge measurements of Independence Creek at claim No. 9 above, 1911-12. 



Date. 



1911. 

June 6 

July 19 

Aug, 16 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge, 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


2.42 


41 


1.33 


2.0 


1.36 


3.7 



Date, 



June 4. 
July 6. 



1912. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.46 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
22 
1,4 



196 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAITANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Independence Creek at claim 

''No. 9 above'' for 1911. 

[Drainage afea^ 8.6 square miles. Observer, Jack Hendricks.] 





June. 


July. 


Aug 


ust. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






2.58 
3.50 
2.62 
3.54 
2.75 

2.29 
1.83 
1.67 
1.54 
1.42 

1.38 
1.46 
1.38 
1.38 
1.33 

1.33 
1.33 
1.33 
1.33 
1.33 

1.33 
1.29 
1.29 
1.29 
1.29 

1.25 
1.25 
1.25 
1.21 
1.21 
1.21 


54 
164 

58 
170 

71 

32 

11.8 
7.8 
5.3 
3.6 

3.1 
4.1 
3.1 
3.1 
2.6 

2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 

2.6 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 

1.9 
1.9 
1.9 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 


1.21 
1.21 
1.21 
1.17 
1.17 

1.17 
1.17 
1.17 
1.17 
1.25 

1.25 
1.25 
1.25 
1.29 
1.46 

1.38 
1.38 
1.33 
1.33 
1.29 

1.29 
1.29 
1.29 
1.25 
1.25 

1.25 
1.25 
1.33 
1.33 
1.33 
1.38 


1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.3 
1.3 

1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.9 

1.9 
1.9 
1.9 
2.2 

4.1 

3.1 
3.1 
2.6 
2.6 
2.2 

2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
1.9 
1.9 

1.9 
1.9 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
3.1 


1.42 
1.46 
1.38 
1.33 
1.33 

1.29 
1.25 
1.21 
1.17 
1.29 

1.42 


3.6 


2 






4.1 


3 






3.1 


4 






2.6 


5 






2.6 


6 


2.38 
2.50 
2.46 
2.33 
2.21 

2.08 
2.42 
2.33 
2.50 
2.67 

2.83 
3.33 
3.17 

2.75 
2.42 

2.33 
2.12 
2.17 
2.21 
2.08 

1.92 
1.79 
1.62 
2.54 
2.25 


39 
48 
45 
35 

28 

21 
42 
35 
48 
63 

79 
140 
119 

71 
42 

35 
23 
26 

28 
21 

14.7 
10.6 
6.7 
51 
30 


2.2 


7 


1.9 


8 


1.6 


9 


1.3 


10 


2.2 


11 


3.6 


12 




13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 


■ 




30 






31 


, 














Mean discharge 




44.0 
5.12 

4.43 
140 
6.7 
C 




20.3 
2.36 

2.72 
170 
1.6 

B 




2.10 
0.244 

0.28 
4.1 
1.3 
B 




2.62 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.305 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.12 


Maximum 




4.1 


Minimum 




1.3 


Accuracy 




B 









Note. — Above 50 second-feet these records are only approximate. 

MAMMOTH CREEK AT MILLER HOUSE. 

This station was established July 2, 1908. The gage was nailed 
to a log retaining wall on the left bank of the stream just below the 
bridge opposite the Miller House. The datum of the gage remained 
constant. During high water the channel shifted considerably and 
several rating curves were used, all of which were, however, fairly 
well defined. 

Since on or about June 19, 1909, a ditch has diverted water from 
the creek past the gage. As it was not possible to obtain accurate 
records of the amount diverted the total flow of the stream can be 
only approximately determined since that date. 



BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 197 

Discharge measurements of Mammoth Creek at Miller House in 1908-1910. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 2.. 


1908. 


Feet. 

0.85 
.70 

1.00 
.90 
.85 

4.05 
4.20 


Sec.-ft. 
34 
21 
48 
35 
31 

200 
253 


1909- 
June 15 . . . 


-Continued. 


Feet. 
3.85 
3.60 
3.08 

3.20 
3.32 
3.19 
3.30 


Sec.-ft. 
120 


6 


20 


70 


7 


Aug. 12 


15.8 


Sept. 6 


May 29... 


1910. 




7 






1909. 


17.1 




June 5 


27 


June 10 . . 


July 14 


16.4 


11 


23 


27 









Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Mammoth Creek at Miller 

House for 1908-1910. 

[Drainage area, 37.1 square miles. Observer, J. F. Kelly.] 





1908 


1909 a 


Day. 


September. 


October. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 




Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






0.50 
.50 
.50 
.50 
.50 

.50 
.50 
.50 
.50 
.40 

.40 
.40 
.40 


14.4 
14.4 
14.4 

14.4 
14.4 

14.4 
14.4 
14.4 
14.4 
13.0 

13.0 
13.0 
13.0 






2.15 
2.20 
2.40 
2.80 
2.75 

2.40 
2.20 
2.25 
4.55 
4.00 

4.30 
4.20 
4.25 
4.10 
3.90 

3.75 
4.35 
4.05 
3.60 
3.55 

3.50 
3.50 
3.45 
3.50 
3.45 

3.60 
3.55 
3.55 
3.40 
3.40 


358 
377 
451 
604 
584 

451 
377 
396 
414 
176 

294 
252 
273 
212 
.142 

102 

318 

194 

70 

62 

53 
53 
46 
53 
46 

70 
62 
62 
40 
40 


3.40 
3.30 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 

3.00 
3.40 
3.40 
2.40 
3.30 

3.30 
3.35 
4.25 
4.00 
3.85 

3.55 
3.35 
3.30 
3.20 
3.20 

3.10 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 

3.00 
3.00 
3.15 
3.50 
3.40 
3.30 


40 

30 

12.0 

12.0 

12.0 

12.0 

40 

40 

40 

30 

30 

35 
273 
176 
128 

62 
35 
30 
22 
22 

16.0 
12.0 
12.0 
12.0 
12.0 

12.0 

12.0 

19.0 

53 

40 

30 


3.30 
3.30 
3.20 
3.30 
3.30 

3.25 
3.30 
3.40 
3.45 
3.50 

3.50 
3.25 
3.00 
2.90 
2.90 

2.90 
2.90 
2.82 
2.80 
2.95 

2.90 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 

2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 


30 


2 










30 


3 










22 


4 










30 


5 










30 


6 










26 


7 










30 


8 


0.90 
.80 
.90 

.85 
.70 
.75 
.70 
.75 

.70 
.75 
.70 
.90 

.85 

.80 
.70 
.60 
.60 
.55 

.50 
.50 


36 
27 
36 

31 
21 
23 
21 
23 

21 
23 
21 
36 
31 

27 

21 

16.7 

16.7 

15.4 

14.4 
14.4 
14.9 
15.4 
14.4 






40 


9 


0.80 
.90 

.80 
.90 
.85 
.80 
1.10 

1.40 
1.65 
1.80 
1.40 
1.10 

1.05 
1.00 
1.25 
1.65 
r.75 

1.75 
1.55 
1.55 
1.70 
2.00 
2.00 


28 
37 

28 
37 
32 
28 
62 

122 
190 
237 
122 
62 

55 

48 

88 

190 

221 

221 
161 
161 
205 
305 
305 


46 


10 


53 


11 


53 


12 


26 


13 


12.0 


14 


9.0 


15 






9.0 


16 






9.0 


17 






9.0 


18 






6.6 


19 






6.0 


20 






10.5 


21 






9.0 


22 






6.0 


23 






6.0 


24 






6.0 


25 






6.0 


26 






6.0 


27 






6.0 


28 






6.0 


29 


.55 
.50 






6.0 


30 






6.0 


31 






6.0 


















Mean dis- 
charge . . 
Second-feet per 
square mile. . 
Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 
Maximum 




22.6 
0.609 

0.52 
36 
14.4 
B 





14.0 
0.377 

0.18 
14.4 
13.0 
B 




128 
3.45 

2.95 
305 
28 
C 


















































Minimum 






221 
C 




42.4 
B 




17.0 


Accuracy 




B 









a From June 19 to Aug. 17 about 20 second-feet was diverted above gage and should be added to the 
above discbarges for that period in order to obtain the natural flow of the stream. 



198 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAI^ANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Mammoth CreeTc at Miller 

House for 1908-1910— Qoniim\Qdi. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Day. 


1 
1 

03 

O 


o 

.a 
ft 


bX) 
C3 


<6 

o 
.a 


® 


ft 




o 

.a 


i 

A 


O 
•a 
ft 




bo 

CO 

s 


1910. 
1 






3.50 
3.60 
3.45 
3.35 
3.35 

3.30 
3.20 
3.20 
3.30 
3.45 

3.30 
3.28 
3.22 
3.15 
3.20 

3.32 
3.30 
3.22 
3.25 
3.22 


47 
61 
41 
30 
30 

25 

17.5 

17.5 

25 

41 

25 

24 

19.0 

14.8 

17.5 

27 

25 

19.0 

21 

19.0 


3.50 
3.30 
3.25 
3.35 
3.75 

3.55 
3.38 
.3.30 
3.20 
3.20 

3.20 
3.20 
3.20 
3.25 
3.20 

3.15 
3.22 
3.80 
3.40 
3.30 


47 
25 
21 
30 
90 

54 

33 

25 

17.5 

17.5 

17.5 

17.5 

17.5 

21 

17.5 

14.8 
19.0 

102 
35 
25 


1910— Con. 
21 


3.30 
3.20 
3.55 
3.65 
3.50 

3.25 
3.25 
3.15 
3.40 
3.50 
3.60 


25 
175 

54 
70 
47 

21 

21 

14.8 

35 

47 

61 


3.60 
3.50 
3.40 
3.38 
3.30 

3.32 
3.45 
3.50 
3.85 
3.50 


61 
47 
35 
33 
25 

27 
41 
47 
115 
47 


3.30 
3.30 
3.30 
3.10 
3.30 

3.25 
3.20 
3.18 
3.15 
3.20 
3.32 


25 


2 






22 


25 


3 






23 


25 


4 






24 


35 


5 






25 


25 


6 






26 


21 


7 






27 


17.5 


8 






28 . 


16.4 


9 






29 


14.8 


10 






30 


17.5 








31 


27 


11 


Mean dis- 
charge. . 








12 








35.2 
B 




34.1 
B 






13 






28.9 


14 






Accuracy . . . 




B 


15 


3.10 

3.15 
3.35 
3.50 
3.50 
3.40 


12.0 

14.8 
30 

47 
47 
35 








16 




17 




18 




19 




20 









Note. — From May 26 to July 31 the discharge of Mammoth Creek diversion ditch should be added to 
the above discharge to obtain the natural flow of the creek. 

MAMMOTH CREEK DIVERSION DITCH. 



Mammoth Creek ditch diverts water from Mammoth Creek just 
above the mouth of Miller Creek. When mining was being done on 
the creek below the Miller House this ditch was used to carry past 
the mine all water except what was needed for sluicing. 

A gage was installed on the ditch at the intake on May 26, 1910, 
in order to determine the amount diverted, so that the total flow of 
Mammoth Creek might be computed. The records are rather incom- 
plete and subject to considerable error because of the unstable con- 
ditions of the ditch near the gage. 

Discharge measurements of Mammoth Creeh diversion ditch at intake in 1910. 



Date. 




Dis- 
charge. 



May 29. 
June 5 . 



Sec.-ft. 



33 
34 



Note.— Zero discharge would be at about gage height 1.20. 



BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



199 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Mammoth Creek diversion 

ditch at intake for 1910. 

[Observer, J. F. Kelly.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Day. 


1 


o 

.a 




o 
.S3 


'S 

« 

a 


<B 
1 

.S3 


■4-a 

A 


•a 




o 


C3 

o 


© 

bO 

o 
.53 


1 








33 
34 
36 
36 
36 

37 
37 
37 
38 
38 

39 
39 
39 
34 
30 

26 

26 

10.7 

10.7 

30 


'i.'eo' 
























16.0 
14.0 
12.0 


21 








30 

30 

26 



26 

26 





1.50 

'i.'so" 

1.50 


10.7 


2 








22 






1.80 
1.75 





3 






1.87 


23....- 









4 






24 









5 








25 











6 








26 




24 
23 
26 
30 
31 
32 


1.75 
1.75 





7 








27 







8 








28 


1.75 

1.80 





9 








29 





10. . 


i 




30 


30 










31 




10.7 


11 


Mean dis- 
charge. . 












12 






1.90 
1.90 




27.7 
D 




26.2 
D 







13 






3.0 


14 


Accuracy... 




D 


15 














16 






1.75 
1.75 
1.50 
1.50 
1.80 




17- 








18 








19 








20 

















MILLER CREEK AT MOTTTH. 



This station was established June 1 , 1911. The conditions at the 
section were favorable for good results during 1911, but in 1912 the 
overflow and seepage from the Bonanza Creek ditch deposited such 
quantities of silt about the gage that it had to be abandoned after 
July 15. 

Discharge mfieasurements of Miller Creek at mouth in 1908-1912. 



Date. 



1908. 
July 6.. 
Sept. 7.. 



1909. 
June 21 . . 
Aug. 13.. 



1910. 

July 14... 

23... 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

5.9 

11.2 



19.0 
10.1 



Date. 



1911 
June 7 . . 
July 19.. 

22.. 

22.. 
Aug. 15.. 

17.. 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


2.47 


27 


1.62 


2.0 


1.58 


1.9 


1.58 


1.6 


1.47 


1.0 


1.78 


3.9 



Date. 



1912. 

June 3 . . 

4.. 

July 6.. 

Aug. 22.. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
3.05 

2.78 
2.08 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

60 

36 
2.7 
2.6 



200 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YtfEON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Miller Creeh at mouth for 1911-12. 
[Drainage area, 10.5 square miles. Observer, M. E. Lorenz.] 





1911 


1912 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


June. 


July. 




Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1... 






2.0 

2.2 

2.75 

2.75 

2.45 

2.2 

2.0 

2.0 

1.85 

1.7 

1.7 

1.85 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.55 

1.55 

1.55 
1.55 
1.55 
1.55 
1.55 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.45 

1.45 

1.45 


8.5 
14.7 
44 
44 
26 

14.7 
8.5 
8.5 
5.3 
3.0 

3.0 
5.3 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
1.6 
1.6 

1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

.9 

.9 

.9 


1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 

1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 

1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 

1.7 

1.85 

1.85 

1.85 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.45 

1.45 

1.45 

1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 


0.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 

.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 

.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 

3.0 
5.3 
5.3 
5.3 
3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 


1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 

1.45 
1.45 


0.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 

.9 
.9 






2.05 
2.45 
2.15 
2.10 
2.10 

2 05 
2.00 
2.15 
2.10 
2.10 

2.05 
2.05 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 


2.5 


2 










14.7 


3 










4.1 


4 






2.80 
2.60 

2.45 
2.40 
2.35 
2.30 
2.25 

2.25 
2.75 
2.55 
2.40 
3.20 

2.80 
2.60 
2.60 
2.70 
2.45 

2.80 
3.10 
3.30 
2.95 
2.80 

2.60 
2.55 
2.50 
2.40 
2.20 


38 
23 

14.7 

12.3 

10.3 

8.3 

6.8 

6.8 
34 
20 
12.3 

76 

38 
23 
23 
30 
14.7 

38 
65 
87 
50 
38 

23 
20 
17.1 
12.3 
5.2 


3.0 


5 






3.0 


6 






2.5 


7 


2.45 

2.45 

2.45 

2. 

2.2 

2.2 

2.45 

2.2 

2.45 

2.45 
2.45 
2.75 
2.45 
2.2 

2.4 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 

2.2 

2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.2 


26 
26 
26 

14.7 

14.7 

14.7 

26 

14.7 

26 

26 
26 
44 
26 
14.7 

23 

14.7 
14.7 
14.7 
14.7 

11.3 

8.5 

8.5 

8.5 

14.7 


2.0 


8 


4.1 


9 






3.0 


10 






3.0 


11 






2.5 


12 






2.5 


13 






2.0 


14 






2.0 


15 






2.0 


16 








17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22....^ 










23 










24 










25 










26 










27 










28 










29 










30 










31 




























Mean dis- 
charge . . 
Second-feet per 
square mile . . 
Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 
Maximum 




19.1 
1.82 

1.62 
44 
8.5 
B 




7.13 
0.679 

0.78 
44 
0.9 
A 




1.60 
0.152 

0.18 
5.3 
0.9 

A 


::::::: 


.90 
0.086 

0.02 
0.9 
0.9 

A 




24.9 
2.37 

2.38 
87 
5.2 
D 


« 


3.53 
0.336 

0.19 
14.7 


Minimum 




2.0 


Accuracy . . 




D 









DEADWOOD CREEK ABOVE SWITCH CREEK. 

This station was established June 16, 1909. The gage was located 
on the right bank of Deadwood Creek about 500 feet above the mouth 
of Switch Creek. Its datum was not changed during the period 
covered by the records. The channel was composed of sand and 
gravel, and during high water was liable to considerable change. 

Sufficient measurements were made, so that the records are believed 
to be fairly accurate. The particular object of this station was to 
determine the feasibility of obtaining water for hydraulicking below 
Switch Creek. The lowest discharge was 1.2 second-feet on 30 days 
in August and S3pt3mber, 1911. In order to obtain a working head 
of 200 feet at the mouth of Switch Creek it would be necessary to 
have the intake to the ditch or pipe line 2 to 3 miles above the gaging 



:birch creek drainage basin. 



201 



station, which would reduce the drainage area about 20 per cent. 
The discharge would probably not decrease quite so much. The 
records show conclusively that without storage for a considerable 
period during each mining season the normal water supply would be 
insufficient for continuous hydraulicking even on a small scale. 

Discharge measurements of Deadwood Creeh above Switch Creeh in 1908-1912. 



Date. 



1908. 
July 1.-, 



1909. 
June 16... 

19.. 
Aug. 10... 



1910. 
May 30.. 
June 3 . . 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



0.85 
.80 
.68 



1.01 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
9.1 



31 

24 
16.2 I 



59 
36 



Date. 



1910— Contd 

July 16 

20 

1911. 

May 30 

July 26 

Aug. 18 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


0.27 


4.3 


.54 


12.6 


1.08 


48 


.45 


1.8 


.50 


3.5 



Date. 



1912 
May 27. 

31. 
July 13. 
Sept. 10. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 

0.77 

.95 

1.23 

1.45 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

12.0 

19.7 

2.6 

9.0 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Deadwood Creek above Switch 

Creek for 1909-1912. 



[Drainage area, 21.3 square miles. 


Observer, Alfred Johnson.] 








Jane. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 






0.6 
.5 
.5 
.5 
.4 

.4 
.8 
.8 

.7 
.7 

.7 

.6 

1.1 

.8 

.7 

.7 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.5 

.5 
.5 
.5 
.4 
.4 

.4 
.6 
.7 
.9 
.9 
.9 


12.5 
8.0 
8.0 
8.0 
5.0 

5.0 
25 

25 

17.5 

17.5 

17.5 
12.5 

77 
25 
17.5 

17.5 
12.5 
12.5 
12.5 

8.0 

8.0 
8.0 
8.0 
5.0 
5.0 

5.0 
12.5 
17.5 
36 
36 
36 


0.7 

.7 
.7 
.6 
.6 

.6 
.6 

.7 
.7 
.7 

.7 
.7 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.6 
.5 
.5 
.5 
.6 

.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 


17.5 
17.5 
17.5 
12.5 
12.5 

12.5 
12.5 
17.5 
17.5 
17.5 

17.5 
17.5 
12.5 
12.5 
12.5 

12.5 
12.5 
12.5 
12.5 
12.5 

12.5 
8.0 
8.0 
8.0 

12.5 

8.0 
8.0 
8.0 
8.0 
8.0 
8.0 


0.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 
. 5 

.5 
.4 

.4 
.4 
.4 

.4 
.4 
.4 
.4 
.4 

.4 
.4 
.4, 
.4 

.4 

.4 


8 


2 






8 


3 






8.0 


4 






8.0 


5 






8.0 


6 






5.0 


7 






5.0 


8 






5.0 


9 






5 


10 






5.0 


11 






5.0 


12 






5 


13 






5.0 


14 






5.0 


15 






5.0 


16 


0.8 
1.2 
1.0 

.8 
.8 

.7 
.7 
. 7 
.7 
.8 

.8 
.7 
.7 
.6 
.6 


25 
105 
53 
25 
25 

17.5 
17.5 
17.5 
17.5 
25 

25 

17.5 

17.5 

12.5 

12.5 


5 


17 


5 


18 


5 


19 


5.0 


20 


5.0 


21 


5.0 


22 




23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




27.5 
1.31 

0.73 
105 
12.5 
B 




16.8 
0.789 

0.91 
77 
5.0 
B 





12.5 
0.587 

0.68 
17.5 
8.0 
B 




5.71 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.268 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.21 


Maximum 




8 


Minimum '. ' 


5 


Accuracy 


B 







Note.— The discharge rating curve is fairly well defined below 40 second-feet. 



202 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAl^A REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Deadwood Creeh above Switch 

Creek for 1909-1912— Continued. 





May. 


Jxme. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.00 

1.00 

.98 

.88 
.85 

.78 
.78 
.62 
.88 
.85 

.90 

.82 
.78 
.70 
.70 

.70 
.70 
.60 
.60 
.65 

.70 

.75 
.70 
.60 
.55 

.50 

.50 

1.20 

1.22 

.92 


58 
58 
55 
39 
35 

27 

27 

16.4 

39 

35 

41 
31 
27 
21 
21 

21 

21 

15.3 

15.3 

18.2 

21 

25 
21 

15.3 
13.2 

11.0 
11.0 

98 
102 

44 


1.05 
.75 
.60 
.55 
.65 

.55 
.50 
.50 
.40 
.35 

.35 
.33 
.30 
.30 
.30 

.28 
.42 
.95 
.75 
.55 

.55 
.55 
.43 
.42 
.38 

'"'.*32' 
.32 

.45 
.78 
.68 


68 

25 

15.3 

13.2 

18.2 

13.2 
11.0 
11.0 

7.7 
6.4 

6.4 
5.8 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 

4.5 
8.4 

50 

25 

13.2 

13.2 
13.2 

8.7 
8.4 
7.2 

6.4 
5.5 
5.5 
9.4 

27 

19.9 


0.60 
.50 
.43 
.40 
.35 

.35 
.33 
.33 
.30 

.30 

.28 
.28 
.27 
.25 

.25 
.25 
.30 
.32 
.35 

'""."36' 
.28 
.25 
.32 

.30 
.35 
.30 
.33 
.32 
.30 


15,3 
11.0 

8.7 
7.7 
6.4 

6.4 
5.8 
5.8 
5.0 
5.0 

5.0 
4.5 
4.5 
4.3 
3.8 

3.8 
3.8 
5.0 
5.5 
6.4 

5.7 
5.0 
4.5 
3.8 
5.5 

5.0 
6.4 
5.0 
5.8 
5.5 
5.0 


0.30 
.32 
.30 
.30 
.33 

.35 
.30 
.30 
.30 
.30 

""".'32' 
.35 
.40 
.75 

.65 
.65 
.60 
.55 
.50 


5.0 
5.5 
5.0 
5.0 

5.8 

6.4 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 

5.2 

5.5 
6.4 

7.7 
25 

18.2 
18.2 
15.3 
13.2 
11.0 






2 










3 








4 










5 










6 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22 














23 














24 














25 














26 














27 














28 














29 














30 


1.04 
1.10 


66 

77 


. 








31 
























Mean dis- 
charge 0. 








32.8 
1.54 

1.72 
102 

11.0 
A 




14,2 

0.667 

0.77 
68 
4.5 
A 




5.84 
0.-274 

0.32 
15.3 

3,8 

A 




8.92 
0.414 

0.31 
25 
5.0 
A 






Second-feet per 
square mile 












Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 






















Minimum 












Accuracy 














1 







o The discharge rating curve is well defined for all stages. 



BIRCH CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



203 



Daily gage height, in feel, and discharge, in second-feet, of Deadwood Creek above Svntch 

Creek for 1909-1912— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






1.10 
1.20 
1.15 
1.30 
1.28 

1.50 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 
1.05 

1.00 
1.00 
1.05 
1.10 
1.20 

1.10 

.90 

l.OS 

1.10 

.90 

.85 
.80 
.80 
.80 
.75 

.70 
.70 
.65 
.65 
.70 


50 
61 
56 
72 
70 

95 
50 
50 
50 
45 

40 
40 
45 
50 
61 

50 
30 
48 
50 
30 

26 
21 
21 
21 
17.2 

13.5 
13.5 
10.5 
10.5 
13.5 


0.82 
.90 

1.08 
.95 
.95 

.90 

.85 
.75 
.70 
.60 

.57 
.55 

'"".'55' 

.52 
.58 

'".'52" 

.50 
'"'."56" 

'"'.'48" 

.45 

.47 

""'.'42' 


23 
30 

48 
35 
35 

30 
26 
17.2 
13.5 
7.5 

6.2 
5.4 
5.4 

5.4 
4.8 

4.1 
6.7 
5.4 
4.1 
3.7 

3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.1 
2.9 

2.2 
2.7 
2.3 
1.9 
1.6 
1.6 


"6.' 42" 

.40 

'".'42" 
.43 

.40 

'"'."46' 
.45 
.50 

.53 

.52 
.50 

...... 

"""."43' 

.40 
"".'42" 
'"."46' 


1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.4 

1.2 
1.4 
1.6 

1.8 
1.5 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
2.2 
3.3 

4.6 
4.1 
3.3 
3.0 
2.7 

2.4 
2.1 
1.8 
1.6 
1.4 

1.2 
1.4 
1.6 
1.4 
1.2 
1.4 


0.42 
"'".'46" 

'".'46' 

'"'."46' 
"'"."40' 

.40 
""".'46' 
"".'46' 

'".'46' 
.40 

"".'46" 
.40 
.40 
.40 

.40 
.42 
.42 
.42 
.42 


1.6 
1.4 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 


0.42 


1.6 


2 








3 










4 











5 










6 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22 










23 










24 










25 










26 










27 










28 










29 










30 


1.10 
1.32 


50 

74 






31 






















Mean dis- 
charge a . 








40.4 
1.90 

2.12 
95 
10.5 
B 




11.1 
0.521 

0.60 
48 
1.6 
B 




1.92 
0.090 

0.10 
4.6 
1.2 
B 




1.27 
0.060 

0.07 
1.6 
1.2 

B 






Second-feet per 
square mile . . 












Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 












Maximum 












Minimum 












Accuracy 
























a Discharges fairly well defined below SO second-feet. 



204 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAI^ANA EEGION/ ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet ^ of Deadwood Creek above Switch 

Creek for i909-i9i£— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage, 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






1.58 
1.85 
1.70 
1.50 
1.40 


46 
65 
54 
40 
34 

20 
5.2 
5.2 

6.8 
6.8 

5.8 

6.8 

15.6 

10.9 

10.9 

32 

15.6 

10.9 

26 

15.6 

10.9 

38 
70 
50 

44 

38 

29 

20 

11.2 

11.2 


1.42 
1.40 
1.37 
1.35 
1.35 

1.30 
1.27 
1.27 
1.25 
1.25 

1.25 
1.25 
1.25 
1.25 

"'i.'25' 
1.25 
1.25 

1.25 
1.25 
1.28 
1.30 
1.27 

1.80 
1.28 
1.25 
1.25 
1.25 


7.7 
6.8 
5.9 
5.3 
5.3 

3.8 
3.3 
3.3 
3.0 
3.0 

3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

3.0 
3.0 
3.5 
3.8 
3.3 

26 
3.5 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 


'"i'25" 

""i.'46' 
1.49 
1.42 

1.62 
1.65 
1.55 
1.52 
1.48 

"'i.'42' 
1.40 
1.37 

1.37 
1.35 
1.35 

1.35 
1.35 
1.38 
1.40 
1.42 
1.40 


3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
5.0 

7.0 

9.4 

10.8 

7.7 
12.0 

17.0 
18.5 
13.6 
12.2 
10.3 

9.0 

7.7 
6.8 
5.9 
5.9 

5.9 
5.3 
5.3 
5.3 
5.3 

5.3 
5.3 
6.2 

6.8 

7.7 
6.8 


1.60 
"'i."56" 

"i.'is' 

1.45 
1.50 

1.48 
1.50 
1.45 

"i.'eo" 

1.69 
1.70 
1.70 

1.70 
1.65 

""i.'52' 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 


16.0 

15 

15 

14 

13 

13 
12 

11.2 
10 
9.0 

9.0 
11.2 
10.3 
11.2 

9.0 

10 

16.0 

20 

21 

21 

21 

18.5 
16 
14 
13 

13 

12.2 

11.2 

11.2 

11.2 


1.50 
1.50 
1.48 
1.48 
1.48 

1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.42 

1.42 
1.45 
1.45 


11.2 


2 






11.2 


3 






10.3 


4 






10.3 


5 






10.3 


6 






9.0 


7 






1.25 
1.25 
1.30 
1.30 

1.07 
1.30 
1.50 
1.40 
1.40 

1.80 
1.50 
1.40 
1.70 
1.50 

1.40 
1.90 
2.40 
2.10 
. 2.00 

1.90 

"'i.'so' 

1.50 


9.0 


8 






9.0 


9 






9.0 


10 






7.7 


11 






7.7 


12 






9.0 


13 






9.0 


14 








15 






:: 




16 










17 


1.10 
.98 
.95 
.90 

.82 

.84 

1.10 

.88 

.77 

.88 
.79 
.90 
1.20 
1.10 
.95 


29 
21 

19.8 
17.2 

13.8 

14.7 

29 

16.4 

12.0 

16.4 

12.7 

17.2 

37 

29 

19.8 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






24 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 






















Mean dis- 
charge. . 
Second-feet per 
square mile. . 




20.3 
0.953 

0.53 
37 
12.0 
B 




25.2 
1.18 

1.32 
70 
5.2 
D 


4.37 
0.205 

0.24 
26 
3.0 
B 




7.61 
0.357 

0.41 
18.5 

3.0 

B 




13.6 
0.638 

0.71 
21 
9.0 
B 




9.44 
0.443 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 




0.21 
11.2 


Minimum 




7.7 


Accuracy 




B 









Note. — From June 1 to 27, 1912, the discharges were applied indirectly because of shifting channel, and 
on some days the discharge may be considerably in error. 

PORTAGE CREEK 4 MILES ABOVE MEDICINE LAKE. 

This station was established May 30, 1912. The gage was located 
on the left bank of Portage Creek just above the backwater from an 
automatic dam which was built during the spring of 1912. The 
channel appeared to be permanent and the records should be fairly 
accurate. The discharge rating curve was fairly well defined below 
40 second-feet. 



BIRCH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 205 

Discharge measurements of Portage Creek 4 miles above Medicine Lake in 1912. 



Date. 



Gage 
height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



May 30 
July 14 
Sept. 11 



Feet. 
2.48 
1.69 
2.09 



Sec.-ft. 
21 

.53 
4.4 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Portage Creek 4 miles above 

Medicine Lake for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 10.9 square miles. Observer, H. M. Green.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






2.42 
2.50 
2.42 
2.21 
2.25 

2.17 
2.08 
2.00 
2.00 
1.92 

1.83 
1.92 
2.17 
2.08 
2.17 

2.33 
2.42 
2.33 
2.50 
2.33 

2.17 
2.83 
2.92 
2.83 
2.75 

2.67 
2.42 
2.08 
1.83 
1.75 


17.3 

22 

17.3 

7.4 

8.8 

6.3 
4.2 

2.8 
2.8 
2.0 

1.2 
2.0 
6.3 
4.2 
6.3 

12.2 

17.3 

12.2 

22 

12.2 

6.3 
47 
55 
47 
41 

34 

17.3 
4.2 
1.2 

.78 


2.00 
1.83 
1.83 
1.83 
1.83 

1.79 
1.75 
1.75 
1.71 
1.67 

1.63 
1.71 
1.67 
1.69 
1.67 

1.65 
1.67 
1.69 
1.71 
1.77 

1.75 
1.75 
1.71 
1.71 
1.71 

1.73 
1.73 
1.75 
1.71 
1.67 
1.63 


2.8 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

.96 

.78 
.78 
.60 

.48 

.39 
.60 

.48 
.53 

.48 

.44 

.48 
.53 
.60 
.86 

.78 
.78 
.60 
.60 
.60 

.68 
.68 
.78 
.60 
.48 
.39 


1.60 
1.58 
1.58 
1.62 
1.62 

1.58 
2.25 
2.42 
2.17 
2.04 

2.75 
2.50 
2.25 
2.25 
2.17 

2.08 
2.08 
2.00 
1.96 
1.92 

1.92 
1.92 
1.92 
1.92 

1.87 

1.83 

1.87 
1.89 
1.89 

1.87 
1.87 


0.32 
.30 
.30 
.37 
.37 

.30 

8.8 

17.3 

6.3 

3.5 

41 

22 
8.8 
8.8 
6.3 

4.2 
4.2 
2.8 
2.4 
2.0 

2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.6 

1.2 
1.6 
1.7 
1.7 
1.6 
1.6 


2.00 
2.17 
2.12 

2.08 
2.08 

2.12 
2.00 
2.00 
2.12 
2.12 

2.08 


2.8 


2 






6.3 


3 






5.1 


4 






4.2 


5 






4.2 


6 






5.1 


7 






2.8 


8 






2.8 


9 






5.1 


10 






5.1 


11 






4.2 


12 








13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22 










23 










24 










25 










26 










27 










28 










29 










30 


2.48 
2.33 


21 

12.2 






31 
















Mean discharge. 








14.7 
1.35 

1.51 

55 
0.78 
B 




.76 
0.070 

0.08 
2.8 
0.39 
B 




5.14 
0.472 

0.54 
41 
0.30 
B 




4.34 


Second- feet per 
square mile 








0.398 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 








0.16 


Maximum 








6.3 


Minimum 








2.8 


Accuracy 








B 













PORCUPINE DITCH AT INTAKE. 



This station was established June 4, 1912. The gage was attached 
to the intake flume near the lower end. Measurements of discharge 
were made in the ditch about 50 feet below the gage. There are no 
indications of a change in the relation between gage height and dis- 
charge, and the records should be fairly accurate. The discharge 
rating curve is well defined for all stages. 



206 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 
Discharge measureinents of Porcupine ditch at intake 171 1912. 



Date. 



July 5 
Aug. 19 
Sept. 7 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.12 
1.29 
1.57 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
3.2 
5.9 
12.2 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Porcupine ditch at intake 

for 1912. 

[Observer, Frank Miller.) 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






1.38 
1.30 
1.23 
1.18 
1.15 

1.08 
1.04 
1.01 
1.00 
.97 

.97 
.95 
.95 
.96 
.94 

.95 
.95 
.95 
.95 
.95 

.97 
.97 
.97 
.97 
.97 

1.06 
1.10 
1.10 
1.06 
1.02 
1.02 


7.8 
6.1 
4.8 
4.0 
3.6 

2.7 
2.3 
2.0 
1.9 
1.7 

1.7 
1.6 
1.6 
1.7 
1.6 

1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 

1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 

2.5 
2.9 
2.9 
2.5 
2.1 
2.1 


1.00 
.98 
.95 
.95 
.94 

.93 
1.28 
1.65 
1.50 
1.32 

1.40 
1.60 
1.65 
1.70 
1.64 

1.52 
1.42 
1.34 
1.30 
1.22 

1.20 
1.17 
1.14 
1.15 
1.18 

1.20 
L40 
1.50 
1.50 
1.48 
1.45 


1.9 

1.8 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 

1.5 

5.7 
14.4 
10.5 

6.5 

8.2 
13.0 
14.4 
15.8 
14.1 

11.0 

8.7 
6.-9 
6.1 

4.7 

4.3 
3.9 
2.3 
3.6 
4.0 

4.3 

8.2 

10.5 

10.5 

10.0 

9.4 


1.48 
1.58 
1.50 
1.55 
1.60 

1.60 
1.60 
1.60 
1.60 
1.60 

1.60 
1.60 
1.56 
1.60 
1.62 

1.60 
1.50 
1.55 
1.60 
1.60 

1.60 


10.0 


2 






12.5 


3 






10.5 


4 


1.53 
1.56 

1.60 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.38 

1.32 

1.48 
1.60 
1.60 
1.45 


11.2 
12.0 

13.0 
10.5 
10.5 
10.5 

7.8 

6.5 
10.0 
13.0 
13.0 

9.4 



7.2 

15.8 

11.0 

14.4 

18.8 

17.3 









18.8 
18.8 
16.1 
10.0 


11.8 


5 


13.0 


6 


13.0 


7 


13.0 


8 


13 


9 


13.0 


10 


13 


11 


13.0 


12. 


13.0 


13 


12 


14 


13.0 


15 


13.6 


16 


13.0 


17 


1.35 
1.70 
1.52 
1.65 

1.80 
1.75 


10.5 


18 


11.8 


19 


13.0 


20 


13.0 


21 


13.0 


22 




23 






24 








25 








26 








27.. 


1.80 
1.80 
1.71 

1.48 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




10.2 
A 




2.47 
A 




7.13 
A 




12.5 






A 









BONANZA DITCH AT INTAKE. 



A gage was placed at the head of the intake flume of Bonanza 
ditch by employees of the Mammoth Creek Mining Co., and gage- 
height records were kept during 1910-1912. Owing to shifting chan- 
nel and temporary obstructions below the gage, the relation between 
gage height and discharge was subject to considerable change and 
the records are only fair. 



BIECH CEEEK BASIN. 
Discharge measurements of Bonanza ditch at intake in 1909-1912. 



207 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
Aug. 11 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
16.0 
15.6 

13.7 

15.2 

19.5 

9.6 


1910— Contd. 

July 15 

22 

1911. 

June 5 

5 

5 

July 20 


Feet. 
0.68 
.90 

1.33 
.90 

1.01 
.53 


Sec.-ft. 

5.3 

10.1 

36 
18.7 
21.5 
3.2 


1911— Contd. 
Aug. 16 

1912. 

June 2 

July 5 

Aug. 19 

Sept. 7 


Feet. 
0.52 

1.09 
.45 
.68 
.87 


Sec.-ft. 
3.4 


12 






1910. 
May 28 

29 

June 6 

6 


1.00 
1.01 
1.16 

.82 


2.5 
3.2 
5.9 

10.2 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Bonanza ditch at intake for 

1910-1912. 

[Observer, Frank Miller.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.14 
1.15 
1.20 
1.24 
1.26 

1.18 
1.10 
1.06 
1.18 
1.24 

1.27 
1.28 
1.20 
1.06 
1.00 

1.14 
1.04 
.93 
1.00 
1.16 

1.16 


18.9 

19.2 

21 

23 

23 

20 

17.3 

16.0 

20 

22 

23 

23 

20 

16.0 

14.2 

18.6 
15.4 
12.1 
13.8 
18.9 

18.9 




24 
14.4 

15.7 
17.3 
16.9 
26 

28 


1.18 
.99 

.87 

. .82 

1.44 

1.20 

1.00 

.94 

.97 

.86 

.82 
.80 
.80 
.74 

'"'i."39' 
1.14 

.97 

.91 
.90 
.91 
1.08 
.96 

.84 
.81 

""i.'38" 
1.41 


19.0 

13.0 

9.6 

8.4 
28 

20 
13.3 
11.5 
12.4 
9.4 

8.4 
7.7 
7.7 
6.6 





27 
17.6 
12.2 

10.5 
10.2 
10.5 
15.7 
11.9 

8.7 

8.0 




26 
27 


1.14 

1.00 

.90 

.83 

.76 


17.6 


2 






13.1 


3 






10.2 


4 






8.4 


5 






6.9 


6 








7 










8 




" 






9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22 










23 












24 






1.30 
1.02 

1.06 
1.10 
1.11 
1.37 
1.44 






25 










26 










27 










28 


1.01 

1.00 

.96 

1.02 


14.7 
14.4 
13.2 
15.0 






29 






30 






31 














Mean discharge 




14.3 
15.0 
13.2 
A 




17.9 
28 

C 




11.6 
28 

C 




11.2 


Maximum i 


17.6 


Minim mn \ .. . 


6.9 


Accuracy 


B 









Note. — Discharges from June 7 to July 14, 1910, applied by indirect methods because of shifting channel. 



208 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUK0N-TA:N'ANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height , in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Bonanza ditch at intaJce for 

1910-1912— Goni'mued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






1.12 
1.17 
1.01 
1.14 
1.30 

1.24 
1.20 
1.04 

.83 
.74 

.71 
.70 
.64 
.62 
.60 

.59 

.58, 
.56 
.54 
.52 

.51 
.50 
.50 
.49 

.48 

"'"".'43' 
.42 
.41 


27 
30 
22 
28 
37 

33 
31 
23 
13.2 

9.5 

8.4 
8.0 
6.1 
5.5 
4.9 

4.7 
4.5 
4.1 
3.6 
3.2 

3.0 

2.8 
2.8 
2.7 
2.6 

2.5 
2.4 
2.2 
2.0 
1.9 
1.8 


0.40 
.40 
.40 
.40 
.36 

.35 
.34 
.34 
.33 
.33 

.33 
.32 
.32 
.40 
.42 

.50 
.54 
.55 
.50 
.49 

.45 
.44 
.44 
.43 
.42 

.41 
.41 
.41 
.41 
.41 
.41 


1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.4 

1.4 
1.3 
1.3 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.1 
1.1 

1.7 
1.9 

2.8 
3.6 
3.8 

2.8 
2.7 

2.2 
2.1 
2.1 
2.0 
1.9 

1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 


0.40 
.41 
.43 
.44 
.44 

.44 
.44 
.43 
.43 
.43 

.51 
.51 
.52 


1.7 


2 






1.8 


3 






2.0 


4 






2,1 


5 


1.01 

1.07 
1.11 
1.06 
1.12 
1.08 

.96 
1.00 
1.16 
1.14 
1.18 

1.20 
1.19 
1.22 
1.22 
1.16 

1.16 
1.12 
1.12 
1.14 
1.02 

.96 
.99 
.86 
.90 
1.00 


22 

24 
26 
24 
27 
25 

19.1 

21 

29 

28 
30 

31 
30 
32 
32 
29 

29 

27 
27 
28 
22 

19.1 

21 

14.5 

16.3 

21 


2 1 


6 


2.1 


7 


2.1 


8 


2.0 


9 


2.0 


10 


2.0 


11 


3.0 


12 


3.0 


13 


3.2 


14 




15 






16 






17 






18 : 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 -. . 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















25.2 
32 
14.5 
C 




10.8 
37 
1.8 
C 




1.88 
3.8 
1.1 

B 




2.24 


Maximum 




3.2 






1.7 


Accuracy 




B 








1912. 
1 






.59 
.54 
.51. 
.50 
.46 

.44 
.44 
.42 
.41 
.41 

• .42 
.41 
.40 
.42 
.40 

.38 
.40 
.40 
.40 
.40 

.41 
.41 
.42 
.43 
.43 

.46 
.44 
.46 
.45 
.44 
.45 


4.6 
4.0 
3.7 
3.6 
3.3 

3.2 
3.2 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

3.0 
3.0 
2.9 
3.0 
2.9 

2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.0 
2.9 

3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.1 

3.3 
3.2 
3.3 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 


.44 
.44 
.43 
.45 
.44 

.46 
.64 
.63 
.60 
.60 

1.04 
1.30 
1.15 

.94 

.84 

.79 
.74 
.71 
.69 
.66 

.63 
.61 
.66 
.71 
.70 

.75 
.88 
.91 
.83 
.79 
.74 


3.2 
3.2 
3.1 
3.2 
3.2 

3.3 

5.3 
5.2 

4.7 
4.7 

16.4 
30 
22 
12.5 
9.4 

- 8.1 
7.1 
6.5 
6.1 

5.7 

5.2 
4.9 
5.7 
6.5 
6.3 

7.3 
10.5 
11.5 
9.1 
8.1 
7.1 


.86 
.88 
.96 
1.00 
.98 

.92 

.86 
.83 

.82 
.83 

.80 
.81 
.80 
.76 

.78 

.89 
1.12 
1.14 
1.12 
1.22 

.77 


10.0 


2 


.97 

.96 

1.12 

.93 

.74 
.64 
.58 
.70 
.56 

.53 
.80 
1.00 
.98 
.90 

1.11 

1.24 
1.06 
1.02 
1.06 

1.01 

1.09 

.92 

.80 

.80 

.84 

.74: 

.56 
.70 
.64 


20 
19.1 
27 
17.6 

9.5 
6.1 
4.5 
8.0 
4.1 

3.4 
11.8 
21 
20 
16.2 

26 

33 

17.3 

15.6 

17.3 

15.1 

18.6 

11.8 

8.3 

8.3 

9.4 
7.1 
4.3 
6.3 
5.3 


10.5 


3 


13.3 


4..: 


14.7 


5 


14.0 


6 


11.8 


7 


10.0 


8 


9.1 


9 


8.9 


10 


9.1 


11 


8.3 


12 


8.6 


13 


8.3 


14 


7.5 


15 


7.9 


16 


10.8 


17 


20 


18 


21 


19 


20 


20 


25 


21 


7.7 


22 




23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 . . 




















13.5 
C 




3.17 
B 




7.91 
B 




12.2 


Accuracy 




B 









Note.— New rating curve used after June 17, 1912, because of shifting channel. 



BIRCH CREEK BASIN. 209 

BOITANZA DITCH BELOW JUNCTION WITH PORCUPINE BRANCH. 

This station was established June 2, 1912. The gage is driven 
into the bottom of the ditch just below the point where the water 
from the Porcupine ditch enters. The discharge curve is fairly well 
defined for all stages. 

Discharge measurements of Bonanza ditch below junction vnth Porcupine Branch, 1911-12. 



Date. 



July 20. 
Aug. 16. 



1911. 



June 2. 



1912. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



3.12 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
3.3 
3.6 



27 



Date. 



1912— Continued. 

July 5 

Aug. 19 

Sept. 7 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.41 
2.66 
2.94 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
6.7 
11.5 
21 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Bonanza ditch below junction 

with Porcupine Branch for 1912. 

[Observer, Frank Miller.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






2.68 
2.60 
2.54 
2.49 
2.42 

2.37 
2.33 
2.30 
2.27 
2.24 

2.26 
3.24 
2.22 
2.22 
2.22 

2.21 
2.22 
2.21 
2.22 
2.21 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.21 

2.28 
2.30 
2.32 
2.30 
2.28 
2.27 


12.0 

10.1 

9.0 

8.0 

6.8 

6.1 
5.7 
5.3 
5.1 

4.8 

5.0 

4.8 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 

4.6 
4.7 
4.6 
4.7 
4.6 

4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.6 

5.1 
5.3 
5.5 
5.3 
5.1 
5.1 


2.24 
2.22 
2.22 
2.24 
2.22 

2.24 
2.54 
2.42 
2.72 
2.62 

3.04 
3.16 
3.15 
2.97 
2.76 

2.76 
2.76 
2.70 
2.66 
2.61 

2.58 
2.36 
2.56 
2.60 
2.60 

2.66 
2.84 
2.93 
2.88 
2.81 
2.62 


4.8 
4.7 
4.7 
4.8 
4.7 

4.8 

9.0 

6.8 

13.1 

10.6 

24 
30 
30 
22 
14.2 

14.2 
14.2 
12.5 
11.5 
10.3 

9.7 

6.0 

9.3 

10.1 

10.1 

11.5 

16.8 

20 

18.1 

15.7 

10.6 


2.81 
2.91 
2.98 
3.02 
3.00 

2.99 
2.93 

2.92 
2.92 
2.92 

2.74 
2.90 
2.89 
2.84 

2.88 

2.90 
3.12 
3.14 
3.14 
3.23 

2.91 


15.7 


2 


3.01 
3.10 
3.14 
3.18 

3.06 
2.91 
2.80 
2.98 
2.73 

2.64 
3.00 
3.25 
3.24 
3.15 

3.10 
3.28 
3.29 
3.25 
3.30 

3.28 
3.34 
2.99 
2.70 
2.67 

2.70 
2.80 
2.90 
2.93 
2.78 


23 
27 
29 
31 

25 

19.2 

15.4 

22 

13.4 

11.1 

23 

35 

34 

30 

27 
36 
37 
35 
37 

36 

40 

22 

12.5 

1}.8 

12.5 

15.4 

18.8 

20 

14.8 


19.2 


3 


22 


4 


24 


5 


23 


6 


22 


7 


20 


8 


19.6 


9 


19.6 


10 


19.6 


11 


13.7 


12 


18.8 


13 


18.5 


14 


16.8 


15 


18.1 


16 


18.8 


17 


28 


18 


29 


19 


29 


20 


34 


21 


19.2 


22 




23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 




29 




30 




31 












Mean discharge 




24.6 
B 




5.61 
B 


12.5 

B 




21.4 


Accuracy 




B 









Note. — Water from the Porcupine Branch was turned off part of the day on Aug. 8, 12, 15, and Sept. 11, 
and all day on Aug. 22. 



42913°— WSP 342 — 15- 



-14 



210 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUK0I^-TA:N^ANA REGION, ALASKA. 

BONANZA DITCH NEAR OUTLET. 

On June 12, 1909, a gage was installed on Bonanza ditch just above 
the flume leading to the first pipe Hne. Daily records were not 
obtained during 1909 and 1910. Construction changes below the 
gage affected the control and thereby the relation between gage 
height and discharge. On June 6,1911, the gage was moved upstream 
about 100 feet in order to get above a small rifHe that would act as 
control and prevent the gage heights from being affected by the 
opening and closing of the gate, which regulated the amount of 
water admitted to the pipe line. 

Different curves were used in 1911 and 1912. Both are weU defined 
for all stages. 

The records at this station show the total amount of water available 
for delivery under pressure from this system of ditches for hydrauHck- 
ing on Mammoth Creek. 

Discharge measurements of Bonanza ditch near outlet in 1909-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


Jiine 12 


0.80 


4.6 


14 


.69 


3.1 


Aug. 12 


1.30 


12.9 


1910. 






May 29 


1.46 


19.4 


June 6 


1.70 


27 


July 22 


.80 


10.1 



Date. 



June 
July 


1911. 

6 

7... 

20... 


June 
July 


1912. 

2 

3 

5 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


1.52 


37 


1.39 


32 


.20 


3.7 


1.32 


37 


1.36 


40 


.18 


5.7 



Date. 



1912— Con td. 
July 7 

16 

Aug. 19 

21 

22 
Sept. 7'.'.'.'.'.'. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 

0.10 
-.12 

0.49 

.27 
.03 
.72 
.73 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
4.4 
1.8 
9.4 
8.0 
3.6 
19.6 
18.9 



a Backwater from waste gate below gage. 



BIECH CKEEK BASIN. 



211 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Bonanza Creek ditch near outlet 

for 1911-12. 

[Observers: Dan Nickelson, 1911; Thomas Fitzgerald, 1912.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






1.22 
1.60 
1.40 
1.50 
1.48 

1.42 

1.45 

.95 

.82 
.60 

.60 
.38 
.35 
.22 
.20 

.45 
.20 
.38 
.28 




28 
39 
33 
36 
35 

33 

34 

20 

16.5 

11.2 

11.2 
6.6 
6.1 
4.0 
3.7 

8.0 
3.7 
6.6 
4.9 
















0.22 
.15 
.15 
.15 
.15 

.10 
.10 
.15 
.15 
.15 
.15 


























4.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

2.3 
2.3 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 


0.15 
.15 
.15 
.15 
.15 

.15 
.15 
.15 
.15 
.15 


3.0 


2 






3.0 


3 






3.0 


4 






3.0 


5 






3.0 


6 


1.52 
1.39 
1.42 
1.38 
1.40 

1.25 
1.20 
1.45 
1.45 
1.55 

1.48 
1.52 
1.55 
1.52 
1.45 

1.45 
1.40 
1.22 
1.25 
1.10 

.90 
.90 
.72 
.70 
1.30 


36 
33 
33 
32 
33 

28 
27 
34 
34 
37 

35 
36 
37 
36 
34 

34 
33 

28 
28 
24 

18.6 
18.6 
14.0 
13.5 
30 


3.0 


7 


3.0 


8 


3.0 


9 


3.0 


10 


3.0 


11 




12 






13 


1 


14 


1 


15 


1 


16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 












26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 






Mean discharge 




29.9 
37 
13.5 
A 


! 11.0 

39 



A 




1.05 
4.0 

A 




3.00 






3.0 


Mirimnm 




3.0 






A 








1912. 
1 






.54 
.46 
.35 
.26 
.21 

.15 

.09 
.02 
.00 
.08 

.02 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 

-.12 
-.12 
-.12 
-.13 
-.14 

-.14 
-.16 
-.16 
-.18 
-.18 

-.15 

-.05 

-.02 

.00 

.05 

.08 


14.1 

12.0 

9.4 

7.4 

6.4 

5.4 
4.4 
3.4 
3.1 

4.2 

3.4 
3.1 
3.1 
3.1 
3.1 

1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.7 
1.7 

1.7 
1.5 
1.5 
1.4 
1.4 

1.6 
2.6 
2.9 
3.1 
3.8 
4.2 


.07 
.06 
.05 
.05 
.03 

.02 
.05 
.22 
.40 
.34 

.58 
.92 
.50 
.40 
.35 

.68 
.68 
.62 
.50 
.62 

.27 
.03 
.21 

.28 
.28 

.36 
.51 
.71 
.69 
.46 
.40 


4.1 

3.9 
3.8 
3.8 
3.5 

3.4 
3.8 
6.6 
10.5 
9.1 

15.2 
25 

13.0 

10.5 

9.4 

17.9 
17.9 
16.3 
13.0 
16.3 

7.6 
3.5 
6.4 

7.8 
7.8 

9.6 
13.3 
18.8 
18.2 
12.0 
10.5 


.50 
.69 
.76 

.78 
.78 

.74 

.72 
.70 
.70 
.71 

.69 
.70 
.69 
.63 
.65 

.76 

.99 

1.10 

1.14 

1.18 

1.12 


13.0 


2 


1.36 
1.39 
1.32 
1.25 

1.05 

.88 
.71 
.88 
.63 

.49 

.76 

1.00 

1.10 

1.30 

1.34 
1.32 
1.32 
1.40 

1.38 

1.22 

1.20 

1.10 

.80 

.78 

.81 
.76 
.85 
.92 
.68 


39 
40 
38 
36 

. 29 
24 
18.8 
24 
16.5 

12.8 

20 

28 

31 

37 

39 
38 
38 
40 
40 

34 

34 
31 

22 
21 

22 
20 
23 
25 
17.9 


18.2 


3 


20 


4 


21 


5 


21 


6 


19.7 




19.1 


8 


18.5 


9 


18.5 


10 


18.8 


11 


18.2 


12 


18.5 


13 


18.2 


14 


16.5 


15 


17.1 


16 


20 


17 


27 


18 


^1 


19 


32 


20 


33 


21 


31 


22 




23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 






Mean discharge 




28.9 
A 


:::::::: 


3.87 

A i 

i 




10.4 
A 




21.4 


Accuracy 




A 









Note.— Water turned out of ditch from July 20 to Aug. 20, 1911. 



212 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 
Crooked Creek drainage basin: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Crooked Creek drainage basin from 1908 to 1912. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to- 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 


June 4, 1912 
July 6, 1912 
July 5, 1908 
Sept. 7,1908 
June 14,1909 


Independence Creek. 
. . . do 


Mammoth Creek . . 
do 


"Claim No. 9 above". 
. .do . 


Sec.-ft. 

22 
1.4 
4.6 

11.9 

41 

21 

14.2 
4.6 
6.8 

12.4 
7.1 
3.1 
9.1 
3.9 
7.7 

11.5 

32 

23 

11.1 

11.1 

17.4 
3 
8 
5.8 

44 

33 

22 

25 
1.9 
3.1 
1.5 , 

12.2 
.72 
2.3 
1.7 
9.1 
2.7 

28 
.59 


Sq. mi. 

8.6 

8.6 

13.2 

13.2 

13.2 

13.2 

13.2 

13.2 

13.2 

27 

27 

27 

6.9 

6.9 

10.3 

10,3 

10.3 

10.3 

10.3 

7.2 

7.2 

7.2 

38.8 

38.8 

38.8 

38.8 

38.8 

38.8 

38.8 

38.8 

38.8 

38.8 

5.8 

5.8 

5.8 


Sec.-ft. 

2.56 

16 


..do 


do 


Mouth 


35 


..do 


do 


....do 


90 


..do 


do 


. ..do 


3 11 


June 21,1909 


..do 


do 


. ..do 


1 59 


Aug. 13,1909 
July 14,1910 
July 23,1910 


. do 


do 


. do 


1 08 


.do 


do 


do 


.35 


do 


...do 


do 


.52 


July 19,1911 
July 22,1911 
Aug. 15,1911 
July 7, 1908 
Sept. 6,1908 
July 5, 1908 
Sept. 7,1908 
June 14,1909 


Mammoth Creek 

do 


Crooked Creek 

do 


Above Miller Creek. . . 
do.. 


.46 
.26 


do 


....do 


do 


.11 


Mastodon Creek 


....do 


" Claim No. 21 above " 
do 


1.32 


do 


....do 


.57 


do 


....do 


Mouth 


.75 


do 


....do 


do 


1.12 


do 


....do 


do 


3.11 


June 21,1909 


. do 


do 


do 


2 23 


Aug. 13,1909 
May 29,1910 
June 5, 1910 
July 14,1910 
July 1, 1908 
July 21,1908 
June 15, 1909 


do 


do 


do 


1 08 


Miller Creek 

do 


do 

do 


Claim "No. 6 above". 
do 


1.54 
2 42 


.do 


do 


do 


.42 


Boulder Creek 


do 


Road crosskig 

.do 


.21 


do 


do 


.15 


do 


do 


.do 


1.13 


June 20,1909 


do 


do 


do 


.85 


Aug. 10, 1909 
July 21,1910 
July 23,1911 
July 7, 1912 
July 15,1912 
Sept. 9,1912 
Ju y 1, 1908 
June 16,1909 


do 


do 


. do ... 


.57 


do 


.do 


..do 


.64 


.do 


. do 


..do 


.049 


do 


. do 


..do 


.080 


.do 


..do 


..do 


.039 


do 


..do 


..do 


.31 


Switch Creek 

..do 


Deadwood Creek. . 
...do 


Mouth 


.12 


do 


.40 


Aug. 10,1909 

July 1, 1908 

Do. 


do 


..do 


do 


.29 


Albert Creek 


...do 


Road crossing 

do 




Quartz Creek 


. ..do 


8.4 
8.4 


.32 


June 18,1909 


. do 


....do 


do 


3.33 


May 31,1912 


Circle Hot Springs. . 



















BEAVER CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Beaver Creek drains an area of 5,360 square miles lying north of 
Chatanika River, between Preacher Creek on the east and Tolovana 
River and Hess Creek on the west. It joins the Yukon from the 
south about 40 miles below Birch Creek and nearly opposite Hosiana 
River. It is formed by the junction of Big Champion and Little 
Champion creeks, whose headwaters interlock with those of Preacher 
Creek. It flows westward for about 25 miles, when it makes a right- 
angle turn around the southern extremity of the White Mountains 
and gradually assumes a northeasterly course, which it foUows until 
it leaves the foothills and enters the flats of the Yukon, where it 
makes an abrupt turn to the northwest and meanders in a tortuous 
course to its mouth. 



BEAVER CREEK DRAI:^5'AGE BASIl^. 



213 



The average fall between Nome Creek and Fossil Creek is about 12 
feet to the mile. The principal tributaries, named in order down- 
stream, are Roy, Bryan, Brigham, Fossil, Willow, and Mascot creeks 
from the right, and Nome, Trail, Wickersham, and Victoria creeks 
from the left. Ophir Creek, the largest branch of Nome Creek, 
enters it from the south about a mile above Beaver Creek. 

There is but httle timber on the valley slopes of the headwater 
tributaries. Along the banks of the larger streams some spruce suit- 
able for sluice boxes can be found. 

Nome Creek was the only stream in this basin on wliich it was 
practical to attempt to get daily records of stream flow. It heads in 
a range of rather rugged barren mountains and probably receives a 
relatively high precipitation. 

NOME CREEK 4 MILES ABOVE MOOSE CREEK. 

A gage was installed June 25, 1912, on Nome Creek at Association 
claim '^No. 18 above." Daily discharges have been estimated from 
June 25 to September 20. The least discharge recorded during that 
time was 14 second-feet, which is a much higher minimum flow than 
should be expected during a normal year. By comparing these rec- 
ords with those of Nome Creek above Ophir Creek for 1911 and 1912 
it can be readily seen that in planning any development it would not 
be too conservative to expect as small a flow as 7 second-feet during 
a considerable part of the mining season. The rating curve for this 
station is well defined for all stages. The measuring conditions were 
good and the records should be excellent. 

Discharge measurements of Nome Creek 4 miles above Moose Creek in 1912. 



Date. 



June 25 

26 

July 25 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
3.30 
3.10 
2.33 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
142 
104 
19.2 



Date. 



July 26. 
Aug. 15. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.67 
2.35 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 



49 
21 



214 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAKAKA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Nome Creeh 4 tniles above 

Moose Creek for 1912. 

[Observer, John Lindquist.] 





June. 


July. 


Aug 


ust. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






2.40 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.20 

2.20 
2.35 
2.20 
2.70 
2.75 

2.60 
2.50 
2.50 
2.35 
2.35 


24 

18.0 

18.0 

18.0 

18.0 

14.0 
14.0 
14.0 
14.0 
14.0 

14.0 

21 

14.0 

53 

59 

42 
32 
32 
21 
21 

30 
35 
35 
25 
19.8 

48 
122 
138 
100 

50 

40 


""2.46" 
2.40 

2.60 

""2." 46" 
2.40 
2.35 

2.35 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.25 

2.25 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 

2.40 
2.50 
2.55 
2.45 
2.40 
2.35 


30 
27 
25 
24 
24 

24 
24 

24 
24 
24 

42 
33 
24 
24 
21 

21 

18.0 

18.0 

18.0 

16.0 

16.0 
18.0 
18.0 
18.0 
18.0 

24 
32 
37 
28 
24 
21 


2.30 
2.30 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.35 
2.35 
2.35 

2.30 
2.30 
2.30 

2.46' 
2.40 


18.0 


2 






18.0 


3 






24 


4 






24 


5 






24 


6 






24 


7 






24 


8 






21 


9 






21 


10 






21 


11 






18.0 


12 






18.0 


13 






18.0 


14 . 






18.0 


15 






24 


16 






30 


17 






40 


18 






50 








24 


20 






24 


21 








22 












23 
























25 


3.30 

3.10 
2.80 


138 

107 
65 
51 
37 
24 


2.33 

2.65 
3.20 
3.30 






26 






27 






28 






29 








30 


2.40 






31 






















70.4 
138 
24 
A 




36.1 
1138 
4.0 
A 




23.8 
42 
16.0 
A 


...WW. 


24.2 


Maximum 




50 






18.0 


Accuracy 




A 









Note. — Drainage area estimated to be about 20 square miles. Discharges on days of missing gage heights 
estimated by comparison with discharges of Nome Creek above Ophir Creek. 

NOME CREEK ABOVE OPHIR CREEK. 



This station was established July 13, 1911. The gage was located 
on the right bank, about 1 mile above Ophir Creek. Gage readings 
were taken morning and night. The channel was fairly permanent. 
The discharge curve for 1911 is fairly well defined below 60 second- 
feet; for 1912 it is well defined at all stages. 



BEAVER CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 215 

Discharge measurements of Nome Creek above Ophir Creeh in 1908 and 1911-12. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Aug. 12 


1908. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
26 

44 

19.4 

24 

48 


June 24 . . 


1912. 


Feet. 

04.43 
2.65 
2.74 
2.42 
2.38 


Sec.-ft. 
609 




1911. 


2.97 
2.71 

2.78 
2.96 


July 26.. 
27.. 




98 






119 


July 13 


Aug. 14.. 
15.. 




62 


Aug. 10 




55 


10 






11 









a Datum of 1912 gage was 0.48 foot higher than that of the 1911 gage. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Nome Creek above Ophir Creek 

for 1911-12. 

[Drainage area, 76 square miles. Observer, Louis Schmidt.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


A 

'S 
A 

eg 



A 
.53 
ft 





a 
1 

.23 

ft 


i 

to 
'S 
A 
® 





ft 


4.9 

'S 
-d 




03 


m 

ft 


S 




1 


.23 
ft 


® 



03 

-d 


ft 


1911. 
1 






2.68 
2.66 
2.65 
2.62 
2.62 

2.60 


17.9 
17.0 
16.5 
15.1 
15.1 

14.2 

14 
14 
15 
18.8 

48 
44 
30 
32 
480 

440 
336 
275 
180 
118 


2.91 
3.12 
3.20 
3.10 


38 
71 
85 
67 


1911— Con. 

21 

22 


2.76 

2.88 
2.81 
2.84 
2.79 

2.76 
2.79 
2.90 
2.80 
2.74 
2.70 


23 
35 

27 
30 
25 

23 
25 
37 
26 

22 
18.8 


3.18 
3.06 
3.01 
2.96 
2.91 

2.89 
2.89 
2.91 
2.88 
2.91 
2.90 


81 
61 
53 
45 
38 

36 
36 
38 
35 
38 
37 






2 










3 . . 






23 






4 . . 






24 






5 






25 






6 










26 






7 










27 






8 












28 






9 












29 






10 






2.70 

2.98 
2.95 
2.84 
2.85 
4.68 

4.55 
4.20 
3.98 
3.62 
3.36 






30 
















31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge. . 






12 












30.4 
0.400 

0.28 
44 
18.8 
A 




85.1 
1.12 

1.29 
480 
14 
C 






13 


2.95 
2.91 

2.86 

2.88 
2.95 
2.92 

2.82 
2.78 


44 
38 
33 

35 
44 
40 

28 
25 








14 


2.90 
2.89 

2.88 


37 
36 

35 


Second-feet 
per square 
mile 








15 








16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 








17 




18... 








19 








20 














Maximum.. 










Minimum. . 










Accuracy 



















216 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOl^-TANANA REGI0:N^, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Nome Creeh above Ophir Creek 

for 1911-12— Contimied. 





Jime. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






2.62 
2.56 
2.52 
2.46 
2.42 

2.36 
2.31 
2.29 
2.25 
2.24 

2.24 
2.26 
2.28 
2.50 
2.46 

2.34 
2.32 
2.42 
2.34 
2.44 

2.58 
2.56 
2.50 
2.39 
2.34 

2.50 
2.90 
3.00 
2.84 
2.62 
2.48 


94 
83 
76 
67 
61 

53 
47 
45 
41 
40 

40 
42 
44 
73 
67 

51 

48 
61 
51 
64 

87 
83 
73 
57 
51 

.73 
157 
183 
143 
94 
70 


2.39 
2.34 
2.30 
2.32 
2.29 

2.28 
2.35 
2.50 

'""2." 38" 

2.42 
2.64 
2.52 
2.41 
2.36 

2.31 
2.34 
2.28 
2.25 
2.25 

2.22 
2.21 
2.21 
2.24 
2.32 

2.44 
2.58 
2.52 
2.42 
2.39 


57 
51 
46 
48 
45 

44 
52 
73 
64 
56 

61 
98 
76 
60 
53 

47 
51 
44 
41 
41 

38 
37 
37 

40 

48 

64 
87 
76 
61 
57 
56 


'"2"38' 
2.45 
2.52 
2.59 

2.54 
2.49 
2.41 
2.38 

2.32 
2.30 
2.28 
2.26 
2.36 

2.45 
2.68 
2.92 
2.80 
.3.00 

2.98 
2.80 
2.61 
2.50 


56 


2 






56 


3 






66 


4 






76 


5 






88 


6 






80 


7 




72 


8 




60 


9 1 




56 


10 1 




52 


11 




48 


12 




46 


13 




44 


14 ... 




42 


15 






53 


16 






66 


17 - 




106 


18 






162 


19 






133 


20 






183 


21 


3.45 

3.40 

4.9 

4.7 

4.3 

3.9 

3.50 

3.15 

2.88 
2.76 


306 
291 
764 
696 
566 

440 
320 
222 
152 
124 


178 


22 


133 


23 


92 


24 


73 


25 




26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




388 
5.11 

1.90 
764 
124 

B 




71.6 
0.942 

1.09 
183 
40 
A 




55.1 
0.724 

0.83 

98 
37 

A 




84.2 


Second-feet per square mile 




1.11 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.99 


Maximum 




183 


Minimum 




42 


Accuracy 




A 









BEAVER CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



217 



The foUomng miscellaneous discharge measurements were made 
in Beaver Creek drainage basin: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Beaver Creeh drainage basin from 1907 to 1912. 



Date. 



Aug 
July 
Aug. 
Aug. 
July 
Jul'y 
Aug. 
Aug. 
June 



Aug. 30,1907 
Aug. 11,1908 
July 11,1911 
12, 1908 
10, 1911 

30. 1907 

11. 1908 
11, 1911 
14,1911 

30. 1907 

12. 1908 
9,1911 

June 10, 1911 
June 11,1911 
June 12,1911 

Do 

June 13,1911 
Aug. 9, 1911 
June 22,1912 

Do 

June 23,1912 
July 27,1912 
Aug. 13,1912 
Aug. 12,1908 
" ' 11,1911 
10, 1911 
29, 1907 
10,1911 
27, 1907 
10,1911 
27, 1907 



July 
July 
Aug. 
July 
Aug. 
July 
Aug 



Aug. 28,1907 



Stream. 



Beaver Creek 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Champion Creek . . 

do 

do 

Nome Creek 

do 

do 

Ophir Creek 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Bear Creek 

do 

Bryan Creek 

do 

Trail Creek 

do 

Brigham Creek 

Fossil Creek 



Tributary to — 



Yukon River. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Beaver Creek. 
do 



do 

do 

do 

do 

Nome Creek.. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Beaver Creek. 
do 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



Locality. 



Above Champion Creek . 

do 

do 

Above Nome Creek 

Above Bear Creek 

Mouth 

do 

do 

Below Moose Creek 

Mouth 

do 

Discovery claim 

do 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



5 miles above mouth. 
2 miles above mouth. 

4 mUes above mouth . 
2 mUes above mouth . 

5 miles above mouth . 
2 mUes above mouth . 

Near mouth 

do 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
267 
80 
137 
108 
328 
124 
44 
58 
19.2 
135 
34 
5.5 
4.6 
13.8 
57 
47 
28 

.81 
28 
62 
165 
22 
6.7 
2.0 
3.8 
6.6 
75 
64 
40 
7.9 
16.0 
19.2 



Drain- 
age 
area. 



Sq. mi 
122 
122 
122 
226 
357 

67 

67 

67 

25 
120 
120 

22 

22, 

22 

22, 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22 

33 
5.8 

16.5 

48 

60.6 

27 

37 

15 



Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 



Sec.-ft. 

2.19 

.66 

1.12 

.48 

.92 

L85 

.66 

.87 

.77 

1.12 

.28 

.25 

.21 

.62 

2.58 

2.13 

1.27 

.037 

1.27 

2.81 

7.47 

1.00 

.30 

.066 

.66 

.40 

1.56 

1.06 

1.48 

.21 

1.06 



HESS CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



DESCRIPTION. 

Hess Creek rises in low mountains ranging in elevation from 2,000 
to 3,000 feet opposite the headwaters of Tolovana River and Victoria 
Creek (a western tributary of Beaver Creek). It flows west for about 
70 miles, draining an area of 1,220 square miles, and enters the Yukon 
about 25 miles above Rampart. About 10 miles from the Yukon 
it receives Troublesome Creek, its largest southern tributary. 

Troublesome Creek rises southeast of Wolverine Mountain, between 
the headwaters of Hutlinana Creek and West Fork of Tolovana 
River, and flows northeastward for about 40 miles to Hess Creek. 

Troublesome Creek was not studied below the mouth of Quail Creek, 
but it is said to follow a winding course, meandering from one side 
of the valley to the other through soft mucky soil abounding with 
''niggerheads" and covered by a thick growth of small trees which 
make travel slow and tedious. It also has steep high banks which 



218 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOIT-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

make it very difficult of approach. The main and tributary valleys 
at its head are almost canyon-like, being shut in by high and pre- 
cipitous rocky barren ridges. 

Troublesome Creek seems to be the only stream near enough to the 
Rampart mines that has sufficient run-off and gradient to be worth 
considering as a possible source of hydroelectric power to be 
transmitted to that region. The approximate average grade of the 
stream below the mouth of Quail Creek is 45 feet per mile, ranging 
from 150 feet per mile at the upper limit to 18 feet per mile at the 
mouth. 

About 7 miles from the head Troublesome Creek receives Quail 
Creek, its first important tributary. Quail Creek heads opposite 
Hoosier Creek and flows eastward, draining the north slope of Wolver- 
ine Mountain. (See PL VII, A.) It is about 5 miles long and drains 
an area of 20.6 square miles. The south slope of its basin is rocky 
and barren, rising precipitously to the summit of Wolverine Moun- 
tain. On the north the valley has a very gentle approach and is 
covered with a heavy growth of wild grass which furnishes excellent 
forage for pack animals. In its upper portion the stream is lined 
with a dense growth of willows, and near the mouth is a growth of 
spruce suitable for cabin building and for fuel. A trail from Rampart 
to the mouth of Quail Creek, a distance of about 20 miles, follows up 
the right side of Little Minook Creek, crosses the divide, and passes 
diagonally down the long, gentle slope on the left side of Quail Creek. 

South Fork joins Quail Creek about a mile above Troublesome Creek 
and is its largest tributary. 

TROUBLESOME CREEK BELOW QUAIL CREEK. 

This station was established August 12, 1908, on Troublesome 
Creek. The gage is a vertical staff driven in the left bank of the 
creek a short distance below the mouth of Quail Creek. Channel 
conditions remained fairly constant during 1908. In 1909 the con- 
ditions were not so stable, and sorae of the estimates may be subject 
to considerable error. No discharge measurements were made during 
1910, and though, according to the observer, the channel did not 
shift appreciably and the gage datum remained constant, there is no 
actual check on the estimates and they should be used with care. 

Discharge Tneasurements of Troublesome Creek below Quail Creek in 1908-9. 



Date, 



1908. 

Aug. 12 

14 

Sept. 2 

3 

4 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec-ft. 


0.75 


7.2 


.73 


6.2 


1.07 


25 


1.20 


36 


1.30 


50 



Date. 



1909. 

July 26 

27 

28 

Sept. 6!!!!!!!!! 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 

1.32 

1.45 

1.73 

.80 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec-ft. 

64 

78 

119 

13.6 



U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE VII 




A. QUAIL AND TROUBLESOME CREEKS. WOLVERINE MOUNTAIN IN THE DISTANCE. 




B. LITTLE MINOOK CREEK. 



Jf^,' 



HESS CEEEK DEAIKAGE BASIK. 



219 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Troublesome Creek below Quail 

Creel for 1908-1910 and 1912. 

[Drainage area, 43.2 square miles. Observer, C. F. W. Cassidy.] 





1908 


1909 


Day. 


August. 


September. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 




Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






0.86 
1.04 
1.20 
1.30 


11.2 

23 

38 

48 
46 

43 
41 
38 
35 
32 

29 

28 

22 

13.4 

13.0 

12.6 
12.2 
10.9 
10.6 
10.3 

10.0 
9.8 
9.6 
5.2 
4.0 






1.04 
1.12 
1.28 
1.20 

1.00 
1.60 
1.48 
1.48 
1.30 

1.40 
1.28 

"i.'66' 

.90 

"i'/m 
"'\.m 

.92 

.88 

1.32 
1.38 

1.58 

"i."45' 
1.98 


32 

40 
58 
48 
34 

28 
100 
83 
83 
60 

73 
58 
38 
28 
24 

20 
40 
60 

44 
28 

22 

18.6 
394 
238 

63 

63 
70 
97 
88 
80 
163 


"i.'92' 
1.80 
2.12 
3.70 

2.48 
1.84 
2.00 
3.61 
2.70 

2.28 
2.00 
1.58 
1.40 
1.32 

1.20 
1.30 
1.32 

"i.'26" 

1.18 
1.16 
1.08 
1.00 
.96 

.94 
.92 
.90 
.86 

"".'84' 


158 
153 
132 
191 
600 

271 
139 
167 
573 
325 

225 
167 

97 

73 

63 

48 
60 
63 
56 
48 

46 
44 
36 
28 
25 

23 

22 

20 

17.2 

16.5 

15.8 


0.92 

'".'so' 

.78 
.77 
.76 
.76 

.74 

.74 


22 


2 










20 


3 . 










17.0 


4, 










15.0 


5 . . . 






2.40 

""2." 38' 
2.50 

"i.'76' 

""2.' 76' 
2.50 

"2." 56' 

2.60 
2.62 

'"2." 25' 

2.20 
2.28 
2.52 
3.20 
2.90 

2.30 
2.20 
2.12 


252 

250 
248 
276 
246 
115 

110 
325 
276 
240 

276 

300 
305 
275 
250 
218 

207 
243 
281 
454 
375 

230 
207 
191 
140 
90 


13.0 


6 








12.2 


7 








11.8 


8 








11.4 


9 








11.4 


10 








11.0 


11 






1.11 

1.10 

1.03 

.90 

"".'82' 
.68 
.60 


10 6 


12 


0.75 


7.0 
6.7 
6.4 
6.3 

6.2 
7.0 
8.0 
8.3 
8.3 

8.0 
8.0 
7.0 
6.4 
7.0 

8.0 
7.0 
8.0 
9.4 
8.6 
8.0 


10 6 


13 




14 


.73 






15 






16 


.72 

.75 
.78 
.79 
.79 

.78 
.78 
.75 
.73 
.75 

.78 
.75 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 










28 










29 


.82 
.80 
.78 










30 












31 


























Mean dis- 
charge. . 
Second-feet per 
square mile. . 
Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 
Maximum 




7.48 
0.173 

0.13 
8.6 
6.2 
A 




22.2 
0.518 

0.48 
48 
4.0 
A 




245 
5.67 

5.48 
454 
90 
C 




73 
1.69 

1.95 
394 
18.6 
C 




126 
2.92 

3.37 
600 
15.8 
C 




13.8 
0.32 

0.14 
22 


Minimum 




10.6 


Accuracy 




A 









Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


May 27.. 


1910. 


Feet. 
2.70 
3.20 
4.02 
4.06 
2.50 


Sec.-ft. 
325 
454 
696 
708 
276 


June 10 . 


1912. 


Feet. 

2.10 

.90 

.86 

4.00 

1.90 


Sec.-ft. 

187 


29 


Aug. 1 . . 


20 


31 


10 ... 


17 


June 3 


18 


690 


6 


Sept. 2 . 


149 









QUAIL CREEK AT CLAIM ^NO. 7 ABOVE. ' 

This station was established June 5, 1909, and readings were taken 
about every four or five days until September 6. The particular 
object for which records were obtained was to determine if the water 



220 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

that could be diverted at that point would be sufficient for hydrau- 
licking the stream and bench gravels below. The records show that 
except during seasons of considerable rainfall the supply would be 
inadequate for any such purpose unless storage was provided. The 
relation between gage height and discharge was probably constant 
during the maintenance of this station. The discharge measurements 
may be somewhat in error because of a rather rough channel at the 
measuring station. 



Discharge measurements of Quail Creek at claim "iVo. 7 above ' 


in 1909 




Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 27 


Feet. 
1.10 
1.20 
.58 


Sec.-ft. 
13.3 


28 


20 


Sept. 6 


1.6 







Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Quail Creek at claim "No. 

7 above'' for 1909. 

[Drainage area, 8.5 square mUes. Observers, J. A. Laird and Peter Ryden.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 








16 
17 
24 
24 

18 

15 

28 
29 
24 
21 

13.5 

11 
8.5 
6.5 
6.0 

5.0 
5.0 
9.0 
8.0 
, 6.0 

4.0 
3.5 
161 
43 
10 

10 

12.6 

20 

14 
9.0 
7.0 


""i.'io" 



"'2.' 26' 

"'2." 46' 
1.45 

1.25 

1.30 
"".'96' 

"".'so' 

.65 
'"".60 


5.0 
13.5 
15 
50 
152 

74 
50 
40 
188 
43 

24 
25 
26 

27 
28 

28 
22 
16 
10 
5.9 

5.1 
4.4 
3.7 
3.2 
2.6 

2.1 

2.0 
1.8 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 


"'6.' 60' 
.58 


3.5 


2 








3.0 


3 






1.25 


2.0 


4 .. .... .... 






1 7 


5 


1.90 


103 

96 

88 
82 
74 
66 

63 
61 
58 
56 
54 

52 
50 
48 
46 
43 

37 
40 

77 
188 
150 

76 
72 
36 
33 
30 


1.10 
'"".'92' 

""i.'oo" 

""."78' 
2.25 
1.45 

""i.'os" 

1.20 

"'i'.oo 


1 6 


6 


1 6 


7 






8 








9 








10 


1.65 






11 






12 








13 








14 








15 


1.55 






16 






17 








18 








19 








20 


1.45 






21 






22 








23 








24 


2.40 






25 






26 








27 








28 








29 


1.35 






30 






31 




















Mean discharge 




68 
8.00 

7.74 

188 

30 


-= 


19.0 
2.24 

2.58 
161 
3.5 




28 
3.29 

3.79 
188 
1.7 




2 2 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.26 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




06 


Maximum 




3.5 


Minimum 


1.6 







Note. — Discharge curve fairly well defined below 30 second-feet. Discharges on days of missing gage 
heights estimated by aid of records at Quail Creek at claim "No. 9 below." 



HESS CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



221 



QUAIL CREEK AT CLAIM '^NO. 9 BELOW." 

An attempt was made to install a gage on Quail Creek at claim 
'^No. 9 below" on May 23, 1909, but owing to ice in the creek 
channel and frozen ground it was not found possible until June 6, 
when a staff gage was securely placed near the right bank of the creek 
several hundred feet above its junction with Troublesome Creek. 

The discharges for 1909 are well defined below 100 second-feet. 
Those of 1910 may be considerably in error as no measurements were 
made that season. The 1909 rating curve was used. The observer 
reported that channel conditions and gage datum apparently remained 
constant. 

Discharge measurements of Quail Creek at claim "No. 9 belovj" in 1909. 



Date. 



May 23. 

July 2. 

26. 



Gage 
height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Feet. 



1.58 
1.58 



Sec.-ft. 



72 
35 
34 



Date. 



May 27. 

28. 

Sept. 6. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.76 
1.84 
1.12 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
60 
71 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second- feet, of Quail Creek at claim "No. 9 

hdow'' for 1909-10. 



[Drainage area, 20.2 square miles. 


Observ 


er, C. F. 


W. Cassidy.] 








June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 






1.41 
1.42 
1.54 
1.55 
1.46 

1.41 
1.59 
1.61 
1.53 
1.49 

1.59 
1.57 
1.47 
1.40 
1.38 

1.30 
1.28 
1.51 
1.51 
1.42 

1.29 
1.26 
2.30 

""'i.'eo' 

1.60 
1.68 
1.82 
1.66 
1.85 
1.72 


20 
21 
31 
32 
24 

20 
36 
38 
30 
26 

36 

34 

25 

19.5 

18.3 

13.5 

12.7 

28 

28 

21 

13.1 
11.9 

179 

108 
37 

37 
47 
69 
44 
74 
52 


1.60 
1.90 
1.92 
2.19 

2.78 

2.20 
1.95 
1.92 
3.00 
2.20 

2.04 
1.88 
1.77 
1.66 
1.62 

1.56 
1.56 
1.56 
1.53 
1.49 

1.48 
1.46 
1.39 
1.36 
1.33 

1.31 
1.28 
1.24 
1.20 

'"'i."26" 


37 

84 

88 
147 
323 

151 

94 

88 
394 
151 

113 
80 
60 
44 
39 

33 
33 
33 
30 
26 

26 

24 

18.9 

17.1 

15.3 

14.1 

12.7 

11.1 

9.5 

9.5 

9.5 


1.42 
1.38 
1.16 

""i."i2' 

1.11 
1.11 
1.10 
1.10 
1.08 

1.06 
1.04 


21 


2 


18.3 


3 


8.4 


4 


7.8 


5 1 




7.3 


6 






7.1 


7 


2.10 
2.13 
2.07 
1.85 

1.83 
2.06 
2.12 
2.00 
2.10 

1.95 
2.07 
2.05 
1.96 
2.05 

1.98 
2.02 
2.14 
2.50 
2.37 

2.06 
2.04 
1.65 
1.54 
1.53 


128 
134 
120 

74 

71 
118 
132 
104 
128 

94 
120 
116 

96 
116 

100 
109 
137 
238 
199 

118 

113 

43 

31 

30 


7.1 


8 


6.8 


9 


6.8 


10 


6.5 


11 . 


6.2 


12 


5.8 


13 




14 






15 


1 


16 


1 


17 


1 


18 




19 


1 


20 




21 


1 


22 




23.. 




24 




25 




26 




27 




28 




29 




30 




31 












Mean discharge 




111 
5.50 

4.91 
238 
30 
C 




38.3 

1.88 

2.17 
179 
11.9 
B 




71.5 
3.51 

4.05 
394 
9.5 

C 







9.09 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.450 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.21 


Maximum L . . 


21 


Minimum 1 


5.8 


Accuracy 


B 









222 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Quail Creek at claim ''No 9 

below ' ' for 1909-10~Gontmued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 








20 
16 
12 

8 

5.2 

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

5.2 
5 

• 4.8 

4.8 

16.5 

298 
94 
49 
43 
37 

33 
28 
23 
20 
15 
10.3 


1.20 

""i.'oo' 

""i."66" 
1.02 
1.00 

1.00 

""i.'25" 

1.30 
2.30 
2.80 
2.90 
2.50 

2.00 
1.90 
1.80 
1.80 
1.70 

1.62 
1.60 
1.50 
1.50 
1.52 
1.48 


9.5 

8 
7 
6 
5.2 

5 

5 

5.2 

5.5 

5.2 

5.2 

6 

8 
10 
11.5 

13.5 
179 
329 
362 
238 

104 

84 
65 
65 
49 

39 
37 
27 

27 
29 
26 


1.60 
1.56 
1.60 
1.56 
1.50 

1.48 


37 


2 








33 
37 


3 








4 








33 
27 


5 






1.00 

1.00 

'"".'92' 
.92 
1.35 

2.70 
1.95 
1.70 

'""i.'eo" 

""i."45' 
"""i.'22' 


6 


1.98 


100 
96 
90 

84 
74 

69 
65 
54 
36 
37 

39 
44 
43 
39 
59 

84 
76 
151 
43 
49 

193 
65 
51 
33 
23 


26 


7 




8 








9 


1.90 
1.85 

1.82 

1.80 
1.73 
1.59 
1.60 

1.62 
1.66 
1.65 
1.62 
1.76 

1.90 
1.86 
2.20 
1.65 
1.70 

2.35 
1.80 
1.71 
1.56 
1.45 






10 






11 






12 





13 




14 




15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 












30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




67.9 
3.36 

3.12 
193 
23 
D 




25.9 
1.28 

1.48 
298 
5 
D 




57.3 
2.84 

3.27 
362 
5 
D 




32.2 


Second-feet per square mile 




1.59 


Run-ofi (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.35 


Maximum 




37 


Minimum 




26 


Accuracy 


D 







MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



The following miscellaneous measurements were made in Trouble- 
some Creek drainage basin from 1908 to 1909: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Troublesome Creeh drainage basin in 1908 and 1909. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to— 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 
mile. 


Aug. 12,1908 


Troublesome Creek. . 
do 


Hess Creek 


Above Quail Creek. . 
do 


Sec.-ft. 
2.5 
6.8 
2.8 
4.3 
1.4 

9.6 
2.7 


Sq. mi. 
21.4 
21.4 
13.3 
17.6 
3.7 

3.7 
2.7 


Sec.-ft. 
0.12 


Sept. 6,1909 
Aug. 12,1908 


do 


.32 


Quail Creek 


Troublesome Creek. 
do 


Above South Fork . . 
Above Nugget Gulch 
Mouth 


.21 


Do 


do 


.24 


Do 


South Fork of Quail 

Creek. 
do 


Quail Creek 

do 


.38 


July 27,1909 


do 


2.59 


Do....... 


Nugget Gulch 


do 


do 


1.00 













SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 223 

MINOOK CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION. 

Minook Creek heads on the northern slope of Eureka Dome, flows 
northeastward for about 4 miles, and then takes a northerly course 
through a remarkably straight valley to Yukon River, which it joins 
just above Rampart. It is about 25 miles long and drains an area of 
198 square miles, the major portion being on the east of the stream. 
The basin is covered with a light growth of timber which furnishes 
a fair supply of fuel but very httle suitable for milhng. 

The chief tributaries are Chapman, Hoosier, Little Minook Junior^ 
Little Minook, and Hunter creeks from the east and Granite, Ruby, 
and Slate creeks from the west. Above Granite Creek the valley is 
narrow and V-shaped ; below that point it broadens out and has per- 
haps a maximum width of one-half mile. The western slope is 
precipitous throughout its entire length, while the eastern slope below 
Chapman Creek is more gradual, with prominent benches. In the 
upper course the stream is crooked, meandering from one side of the 
valley to the other; the lower part is comparatively straight. 

The summer and winter trails from Rampart to Eureka coincide 
through the greater part of the distance — to a point about 2 miles 
above Granite Creek, where the summer trail crosses the creek and 
passes on to the divide between Eureka and Pioneer creeks, and the 
winter trail keeps to the left of ^linook Creek, crosses the divide to 
the west of Eureka Dome, and passes down the right bank of Boston 
Creek. The trail is very difficult, owing to the large quantity of 
ground ice along its left bank, which keeps it saturated even during 
the driest part of the summer season. 

Hess says : ^ 

Just below the mouth of Slate Creek the Minook spreads into a number of branches 
in a "v\T.de gravel flat. This flat, which is typical of many Alaskan streams, is probably 
due to a change in the grade of the creek. The stream here is unable to carry the 
gravels of the swifter water above, and so spreads them upon the flat. Here are found 
the so-called "winter glaciers," which sometimes last through the short summers. In 
1904 a quarter or half acre of ice still remained when the September frosts occurred. 
This ice owes its origin to the fact that the channel which carries the water is greatly 
contracted by freezing in the fall. The resulting hydrostatic pressure cracks the ice 
and the water overflows and freezes. This process is repeated until a considerable 
thickness of ice is accumulated. 

Granite Creek rises opposite Allen Creek in the Baker-Minook 
divide and flows northeast, entering Minook Creek about 16 miles 
from the Yukon. It is about 8 miles long and is the third largest 
tributary of Minook Creek. The lower valley is V-shaped, wdth steep 
rocky slopes, and the bed is of heavy bowlders intermixed with gravel. 
The upper valley was not visited. 

1 Hess, F. L., The Rampart placers: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 337, pp.'67-6S, 1908. 



224 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN ANA EEGION, ALASKA. 

Chapman Creek enters Minook Creek from the east about a 
mile below Granite Creek. It heads on the north slope of Elephant 
Mountain and is about 5 miles long. 

Slate Creek is tributary to Minook Creek about 12 miles from the 
Yukon. It heads on the north slope of Baldy Mountain and has a 
length of 5 miles, with an average grade of nearly 350 feet per mile. 
The valley is V-shaped near the mouth and asymmetric toward the 
the headwaters of the stream, with rugged slopes well covered with 
timber. 

Ruby Creek enters Minook Creek about 8 miles from the Yukon 
and 3 miles above the mouth of Hoosier Creek. Its course is north- 
eastward, parallel to that of Slate Creek. It is about 8 miles long. 
The valley is sharp cut and asymmetric. The right side has several 
small tributaries, while the left is broken only by mere hills. 

Hoosier Creek rises in the high divide near the head of Chapman 
Creek and flows northwestward, emptying into Minook Creek from 
the right. Warm springs in the creek bed 3 or 4 miles above the 
mouth maintain a considerable flow during the winter and increase 
the low-water flow in the summer. The resultuig accumulation of 
large bodies of ice hampers mining operations during the spring and 
early in the summer. 

Little Minook Junior Creek drains a small area between Hoosier 
and Little Minook creeks. It is about 2^ miles long. The lower 
valley has a heavy grade and is sharply V-shaped. The upper valley 
has more gentle slopes and a lower stream gradient. It probably 
seldom furnishes a sluice head of water except during the spring 
run-off. 

Little Minook Creek is tributary to Minook Creek about 5 miles from 
the Yukon. Its drainage basin lies between Hunter and Hoosier 
creeks and is nearly surrounded by them. The course of the stream 
is parallel to that of Hunter Creek, with the same pronounced bend 
to the left about 3 miles from its mouth. The valley is sharply 
V-shaped with precipitous slopes, sparsely covered with small timber. 
(See PI. VII, B.) This stream has been the largest producer of the 
Minook basin, but it has been worked in a rather unsystematic manner 
on account of the many different owners. Underground water also 
has caused considerable trouble, making it necessary to abandon 
some ground known to be rich. During several weeks each summer 
the natural flow of the stream is inadequate for ordinary mining. 
Some study has been made of the feasibility of bringing an auxiliary 
water supply from either Minook or Hoosier creek. Surveys would 
probably show that a considerable flow could be maintained from 
such an outside supply without any great engineering diflSculties, 
but either long ditches or tunnels would have to be constructed 
and the resulting cost would no doubt be prohibitive. 



MINOOK CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



225 



Hunter Creek, the largest tributary of Minook Creek, enters it from 
the right about 3 miles from its mouth. It flows northward to its 
junction with Fortyseven Pup, where it makes a right-angle turn 
to the west, entering Minook Creek about 6 miles farther on. It is a 
crooked stream about 12 miles long, and has a narrow V-shaped 
valley and rough precipitous slopes. The lower part of the vaUey 
on the right side is marked by a very pronounced bench, which so 
far has furnished the chief gold-bearing gravels. Hunter Creek 
has a particularly heavy growth of timber, much of which would be 
suitable for saw logs. 

MINOOK CREEK ABOVE LITTLE MINOOK CREEK. 



This station, which is located just above the mouth of Little 
Minook Creek, was established May 25, 1908, by M. E. Koonce. 
The gage is a vertical staff nailed to the right-shore support of a foot- 
bridge. It was read by miners on their way to and from Rampart. 

Discharge measurements of Minook Creek above Little Minook Creek, 1908-9. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
Aug. 9 

16 

Sept. 5 

7 

10 

12 


Feet. 
1.58 
1.50 
2.50 
2.25 
2.15 
1.91 


Sec.-ft. 
31 
30 
110 
82 
71 
57 


1908^Contd. 

Sept. 14 

15 

19 

1909. 
May 14 


Feet. 
1.86 
1.85 
2.25 

2.85 


Sec.-ft. 
50 
50 

82 

179 


1909-Contd. 

May 14 

18 

July 29 

Aug. 1 

Sept. 7 


Feet. 
3.70 
4.58 
4.20 
3.95 
2.91 


Sec.-ft. 

387 

2,040 

112 

88 

47 



42913° — WSP 342 — IS- 



IS 



226 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Minook Creek above Little 

Minook Creek for 1908-9. 

[Drainage area, 130 square miles. Observers, M. E. Koonce and others.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 






3.60 
3.60 


377 
377 
300 
250 
220 

200 
189 
180 
170 
120 

100 
150 
200 
250 
300 

290 
280 
270 
260 
255 

193 
160 
140 

128 
110 

90 
79 
79 
79 
79 


2.20 

1.90 

""2.'40' 
2.50 
2.20 

1.70 

""i.'es" 


79 
72 
66 
60 
54 

48 

76 

105 

120 

79 

76 
73 
69 
65 
61 

57 
53 
49 
45 
41 

37 
37 
36 
36 
36 

35 
35 
35 
34 
34 
33 


1.60 

"'i.'76" 
1.70 

""i.'eo" 

1.57 
1.55 

""i.'55' 
1.50 

1.50 
1.65 

""i.'eo" 

1.65 
1.60 


33 
34 
36 
37 
37 

36 
35 
34 
33 
32 

32 
32 
32 
32 
30 

30 

3i 

32 
33 
34 

35 
34 
34 
33 
35 

33 
33 
33 
33 
33 
33 


1.70 

"""2." 65" 
2.50 

2.35 
2.25 
2.29 
2.20 
2.15 

'""i."96" 

""i.'ss" 

1.85 
'""2.' 25' 

'""lso" 


37 


2 






50 


3 






100 


4 








144 


5 








120 


6 








98 


7 






2.90 


86 


8 






91 


9 






2.80 
2.50 


79 


10 






73 


11 






60 


12 


. 






48 


13 








46 


14 








45 


15 








45 


16 








45 


17 








£0 


18 








86 


19 








70 


20 






3.20 
2.92 


60 


21 






50 


22 






42 


23 










24 






2.55 

'""2.'26' 
'""2.'26' 






25 


4.70 

, 4.10 
4.90 


2,240 

740 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

810 

970 






26 






27 






28 






29 








30 


4.15 
4.25 






31 


















Mean discharge. 




1,540 
11.8 

3.07 
3,000 
740 
C 




196 
1.51 

1.68 
377 
79 
B 




56.0 
0.431 

0.50 
120 
33 
A 




33.4 
0.257 

0.30 
37 
30 

A ■ 




69.3 


Second - 1 e e t per 
square mile 




0.533 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 




0.44 


Maximum 




144 


Minimum 




37 


Accuracy 




A 









Note. 
graphs. 



-The discharges for days of missing gage heights were estimated by aid of comparative hydro- 



MINOOK CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



227 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Minooh Creek above Little 

Minooh Creek for 1908-9 — Continued. 





May. 


June. 


Day. 


May. 


June. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 






4.3 


1,060 
1,100 
1,160 
1,060 
940 

810 
685 
475 
500 
520 

540 
630 
1,060 
630 
630 


1909. 
21 


3.9 


540 

490 

448 

2,300 

4,200 

2,600 
740 
740 

1,060 
970 

1,160 






2 






22 






3 






4.35 
4.3 


23 


3.75 






4 






24 






5 






25 


5.2 

4.8 

4.1 

4.1 

4.3 

4.25 

4.35 






6 








26 






7... 






4.05 
3.8 


27 






8 






28 






9 






29 






10 








30 












3.9 
4.0 
4.3 
4.0 
4.0 


31 •- 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge... 






12 








1,290 
9.90 

6.96 
4,200 
221 
D 






13 


3.05 
3.25 


221 
268 
865 

1,460 
2,060 
2,240 
1,280 
810 


787 


14 


Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 


6.05 


16 




Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area). 






17 


4.65 
4.7 
4.4 
4.15 






3.38 


18 






Maximum 




1,160 


19 






Minimum 




475 


20 






Accuracy 




D 















Note. — Gage heights were kept until Sept. 8, but it is not thought advisable to make daily estimates 
after June 15 because of extreme shifting-channel conditions. 

HOOSIER CREEK AT CLAIM ^'nO. 11 ABOVE." 

This station was established August 16, 1908, on claim ''No. 11 
above." The gage is a vertical staff driven into the right bank of the 
stream about one-half mile below a hydraulic plant that was in oper- 
ation most of the time during the period covered by the records. 
Considerable fine material was washed past the gage from the mine 
above, but it did not appear to affect the records appreciably. 

Three different rating curves were used, one in 1908, a second from 
May 13 to 16, 1909, and the third from May 17 to September 8, 1909. 

A hydraulic plant was in operation near claim ''No. 14 above" for 
several seasons, but it is understood that it has not been used since 
1909. Water was diverted from the creek about 2 miles above and 
carried in 22-inch riveted steel pipe to the mine, where a 200-foot 
head was used to operate a 12-inch elevator having a 16-foot lift. 

These records show closely the water that was available for di- 
version at the intake, as the creek receives no tributaries of im- 
portance between that point and the gage. 

Discharge measurements of Hoosier Creek at claim "No. 11 above'' in 1908-9. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 

Aug. 16 

Sept. 5 

9 

14 


Feet. 

0.35 

.65 

.57 

.43 


Sec.-ft. 

4.7 

21 

14.5 

7.2 


1909. 

May 14 

14 

17 

18 


Feet. 
0.85 
1.10 
2.4 
1.85 


Sec.-ft. 

88 

162 

729 

346 


1909— Contd. 

July 29 

Aug. 1 

Sept. 7 


Feet. 

1.02 

.95 

.75 


Sec.-ft. 
25 
18.7 
6.8 



228 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Hoosier Creeh at claim ''No. 

11 above'' for 1908-9. 

[Drainage area, 25.7 square miles. Observer, M. E. Koonce.] 





August. 


September. 


Day. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 






0.40 


8.0 
25 
42 
25 
25 

13 

21 

13 

11.6 

10.2 

9.5 
9 

8.5 

8 

8 

8 

7.7 
10.2 
9.1 
8 


1908— Con. 
21 




4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 

4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 


0.35 


4 7 


2 






22 






3 






.85 
.70 
.70 

.55 
.65 
.55 


23 








4 






24 








5 






25 








6 






26 








7 






27... 








8 






28 








9 






29 








10 






.50 


30 














31 


0.35 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge... 






12 










4.70 
0.183 

0.11 

4.7 
4.7 
A 






13 








13 6 


14 






.45 
.45 

.45 
.43 
.50 

'"'"."45' 


Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 






529 


16 


0.35 
.35 
.35 


4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 






17 


0.41 


18 


Maximum 




42 


19 


Minimum 




4.7 


20 


.35 


Accuracy 




A 











Note. — Rating curve well defined below 25 second-feet. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 






1.45 


136 
126 
115 
115 
90 

66 
60 
53 

78 
66 

53 
96 
80 
44 
35 

35 
23 
23 
18.7 

18.7 

18.7 
18.7 
14.8 

346 

315 

115 
53 
35 
29 
23 


0.95 
.80 
.80 
.80 
.75 

.70 

.70 

1.20 

1.00 

.75 

.85 
.80 
.75 

'"'".'76' 
.70 

""."65' 

"".'56' 
1.60 
1.45 
1.40 

1.00 
1.00 

"'i.'oo' 

1.00 
.90 


18.7 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
6.8 

5.3 
5.3 

53 

23 
6.8 

11.7 
9.0 
6.8 
5.3 
5.3 

5.3 
5.0 

4.7 
4.4 
4.1 

3.2 
2.2 

205 

136 

115 

23 
23 
23 
23 
23 
14.8 


0.95 
1.00 
.90 
1.10 
1.50 

1.10 

"'2." 46' 
2.00 

"'i.'so' 

""."95' 

""."95' 

""."96' 
.90 

""."85' 

.75 
""."75" 


18.7 
23 

14.8 
35 
157 

35 
266 
497 
729 
586 

443 
300 
157 

88 

18.7 

18.7 
18.7 
16.8 
14.8 
14.8 

13.8 
12.8 
11.7 
10.0 

8.4 

6.8 
6.8 
6.8 
6.8 
6.8 
6.8 


""6." 75' 
.75 


6.8 


2 






6.8 


3 






1.40 
1.40 


6.8 


4 






6.8 


5 






6.8 


6 






1.25 


6.8 


7 






6.8 


8 






1.20 
1.30 
1.25 

1.20 
1.35 

""i.'is' 

1.10 

1.10 

1.00 

1.00 

.95 

.95 

.95 

.90 

1.85 

1.80 

1.40 
1.20 
1.10 

'"i.m 


6.8 


9 








10 










11 










12 










13 


0.75 
1.00 
2.00 

1.90 
2.40 
2.08 
1.60 
1.30 

1.20 
.90 
1.08 
1.85 
2.30 

1.40 
1.40 
1.40 
1.45 
1.70 
1.50 


665 
130 
540 

490 
729 
499 
205 

78 

53 

14.8 

33 
346 
656 

115 

115 
115 
136 
258 
157 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge. 

Second-f e e t per 

square mile 




24.9 
9.69 

6.85 
729 
14.8 
D 




77 
3.00 

3.35 

346 
14.8 
C 




26 
1.01 

1.16 
205 
2.2 

B 




114 

4.44 

5.12 
729 
6.8 

C 




6.8 
0.26 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.09 


Maximum 




6.8 


Minimum 




6.8 


Accuracv 




B 







Note. — Discharges above 50 second-feet are only approximate. 



MIKOOK CREEK DRAINAGE BASIK. 



220 



LITTLE MINOOK CREEK AT CLAIM '^ NO. 9 ABOVE. 

Little Minook Creek has been the largest gold producer in the 
Rampart district. During a considerable portion of each season 
the water supply is insufficient for groundsluicing and washing the 
gravel that is shoveled into the sluice boxes. Several automatic 
splash dams have been used, but they are not adapted for operation 
on very small streams during times of low run-off, for unless con- 
structed with more than ordinary care the seepage through and 
around them will be as great as the inflow and the reservoir will not 
fill sufficiently to operate the gate. 

A gage was installed June 21, 1908, near the lower end of claim 
"No. 9 above" and just above the backwater from an automatic 
dam on claim "No. 8 above." The channel was permanent and the 
conditions for measuring were fairly good. The gage datum remained 
constant. The discharges on days on which the gage was not read 
were estimated by means of comparative hydrographs and are be- 
lieved to be fairly accurate, particularly during periods of low water 
when the changes in stage were very gradual. The rating curve is 
well defined for all stages. 

Discharge measurements of Little Minook Creek at claim "No. 9 above'' in 1908-9. 



Date. 



1908 

Aug. 10 

15 

Sept. 4 

7 

15 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 

0.79 
.79 

1.17 
.98 
.91 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
0.75 
.67 
6.8 
2.5 
1.3 



Date. 



1909. 
May 17 

17 

22 
July 28'."!!"!."! 

Aug. 1 

Sept. 6 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.79 

2.38 
1.38 
1.08 
1.00 
.83 



Dis- 
charge, 



Sec.-ft. 
70 
167 
19.6 
3.4 
2.2 
1.3 



230 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAl^A REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Little Minooh Creek at claim 

''No. 9 above " for 1908-9. 

[Drainage area, 5.9 square miles. Observer, Charles Nelson.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 






0.92 
.92 
.92 
.83 
.83 

.92 
1.08 
1.50 
1.42 
1.33 

1.33 


1.6 
1.6 
1.6 

.86 
.86 

1.6 
4.2 

32 

23 

15.7 

15.7 
10 

5 

1.6 
.86 

.86 

.6 

.6 

.6 

.6 

.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 


0.75 
.83 

'"".'79' 

"".'79" 
'"'"."83' 

"'"."83" 


0.62 

.86 
.8 
.8 
.8 

.8 
.7 
.7 
.7 
.70 

.7 
.7 
.7 
.7 
.70 

.7 

.8 

.86 

.9 

.9 

.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 

.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.86 


1.08 
1.17 
1.21 
1.17 

""'."98' 

"'".'gi" 


4.2 


2 






6.8 


3 






8.3 


4 






6.8 


5 






5 


6.. 






3 


7 






2.3 


8 






2 


9 






2 


10 






2 


ii: 






2 


12 






2 


13 








2 


14 






.92 
.83 

.83 
.75 

.75 


2 


15 






1.4 


16 








17 










18 










19 










20 












21 


1.17 

1.08 

1.00 

.92 

.92 

.92 
.92 
.92 
.92 
.92 


6.8 
4.2 
2.6 
1.6 
1.6 

1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 


"".'75' 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




2.48 
0.420 

0.16 
6.8 
1.6 

A 




4.07 
0.690 

0.80 
32 
0.6 
A 




.806 
0.137 

0.16 
0.9 
0,62 
A 




3 45 






585 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




33 


Maximum 




8 3 






1 4 


Accuracy 




A 









MINOOK CKEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



231 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Little Minooh Creeh at claim 

''No. 9 above ' ' for 1905-9— Continued . 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 






1.50 


32 
28 
25 
23 
21 

19 

17 

15.7 

17 

20 

22 
25 
28 
10 
2.6 

2.6 

2.6 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3.3 
3 
10 

28 

50 
28 
20 
10 
2.6 


""6.' 92' 

""i.'46' 
.75 

"'i.'oo' 

1.50 

"'i.'oo' 

1.21 


2 
2 
2 
2 
1.6 

2 
10 
28 
20 
10 

.62 

.7 
.7 
.7 
.7 

.7 
.7 
.7 
.7 
.7 

. 7 

.7 

2.6 

32 

20 

10 
2.6 
8.3 
6 
5 
4 


1.00 

"'i.'oo' 

1.46 

"'i.'62' 
1.79 

1.66 

""i.'so" 

"".'92' 

.83 

"".'79' 


"".'75" 


2.6 
3 
3 

2.6 
28 

33 
38 
43 

47 
70 

52 
47 
42 
37 
32 

20 
10 

5 

1.6 

1 

.86 

.8 
.8 
.7 
.70 

.7 

.7 

.7 

.62 

.6 

.6 


0.75 

.75 

.83 

"".'92' 
"".'75' 


0.62 


2 






.6 


3 








.6 


4 








.62 


5 








.7 


6 








.86 


7 








.9 


8 






1.33 


.9 


9 






1 


10 








1 


11 








1 


12 








1 


13 






1.46 


1 


14.... 






1 


15 






1.00 

'""i.'oo' 

'"1.64 

"'l.4Q 

"'i'.ih' 
'"i.'oo" 


1.6 


16 


1.79 

2.38 


70 

167 

100 

70 

50 

30 
23 
25 
40 
60 

76 
50 
40 
37 
37 
37 


1 


17 


1 


18 


.62 


19 






20 








21 








22 


1.42 






23 














25 








26 


1.83 






27 






28 








29 


1.54 






30 






31 


1.54 






















57.0 
9.66 

5.75 
167 
23 
A 




15.9 
2.69 

3.00 
50 
2.6 
A 




5.76 
0.976 

1.13 
32 
0.62 
A 





17.0 

2.88 

3.32 
70 
0.6 
A 




.890 


Second -feet per 




0.151 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




10 


Ma"^iTTmm 




1.6 


Minimum 




0.6 






A 









232 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 
HUNTER CREEK AT CLAIM '^NO. 17 ABOVE." 

This station was established at claim ^'No. 17 above" on, August 
11, 1908, in order to determine the amount of water available at that 
point for diversion for hydrauUcking below. On May 17, 1909, a 
gage was installed at claim ''No. 19 above" to take the place of the 
1908 gage. Daily records were kept throughout the season, but no 
estimates of daily flow for 1909 can be made, as hydraulickmg was 
commenced just above soon after the installation of the gage and 
the taiUngs from the mine blocked and shifted the channel to such 
an extent for unknown periods that no relation between gage height 
and discharge can be deduced. 

Two hydrauUc plants have been in operation on the creek for several 
years. The water for the plant on claim ''No. 19 above," left hmit 
bench, is carried in 3,300 feet of flume and 3,000 feet of ditch, when a 
90-foot head is available at the monitors. The lower plant, located 
near Discovery claim, receives its water supply through 5,200 feet of 
riveted steel pipe ranging in diameter from 20 to 14 inches, 2,300 feet 
of flume, and 200 feet of ditch. A working head of 105 feet is avail- 
able at the mine. 

Discharge measurements of Hunter CreeJc at claim "No. 17 above'''' in 1908. 



Date. 



Aug. 11. 
Sept. 6. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
0.50 
.90 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
4.5 
17.9 



Date. 



Sept. 10. 
16. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
0. 79 
.65 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
12.7 
8.4 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Hunter CreeJc at claim "No. 17 

above'' for 1908. 





[Drainage area, 33. 4 j 


jquare mUes. Observer, S. M. Wheeler.] 








August. 


• September. 


Day. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1... 






0.60 
.75 
1.05 
1.10 
1.00 

.90 

.85 
.85 


6.6 
11.4 
25 
28 
23 

17.9 

15.6 

15.6 

14 

13 

11 
9.6 


21 


0.55 
.50 
.45 
.50 
.50 

.50 
.50 
.50 
.50 
.50 
.55 


5.5 
4.5 
3.7 
4.5 
4.5 

4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
5.5 






2 






22 






3 






23 






4 






24 






5 






25 






6 






26 






7 






27 






8 






28 






9 






29 






10 








30 








0.50 
.55 
.50 
.50 
.50 

.50 
.50 
.50 
.50 
.50 


4.5 
5.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 

4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 


""'".'76" 


31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge... 






12 




4.60 
0.138 

0.11 

5.5 
3.7 
B 






13 


15.8 


14 






Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 






0.473 


16 






Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 

Maximum 






17 






0.14 


18 






28 


19 






Minimum 




6.6 


20 






Accuracy 


- 


B 















TANANA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



233 



MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made 
in Minook Creek drainage basin in 1908 and 1909. 

Miscellaneous measurements in Minook Creek drainage basin in 1908 and 1909. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to — 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 


Aug. 8, 1908 

Sept. 9,1909 

Aug. 8,1908 

Do.. . . 


Minook Creek 

do 


Yukon River.. 
do 


^ miles above Chap- 
man Creek. 
Below Granite Creek... 
Below Chapman Creek. 
Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 
2.9 

15.2 
7.1 
5.7 
5.9 
2.9 
2.2 
1.7 
2.6 
4.8 

11.1 
1.2 
.32 

1,000 

326 

28 

21 

5.8 

2.3 


Sq. mi. 
9.2 

47.3 
58.3 
26.9 
26.9 
14.8 
7.9 
10.6 
10.6 
21.2 
21.2 


Sec.-ft. 
0.32 

.32 


do 


do 


.12 


Granite Creek 


Minook Creek . 


.21 


Sept. 9,1909 

Aug. 8,1908 

Do. 


do 

Chapman Creek 

Slate Creek 

Euby Creek 

do 

Hoosier Creek 

do 

do 


do 


do 


.22 


do 


do 


.20 


do 


do 


.28 


Do 


do 


do 


.16 


Sept. 9,1909 

Aug. 10,1908 

Sept. 9,1908 

Do 


do 


do 


.25 


do 

do 


Above pipe intake 

do 


.23 
.52 


do 

do 

do 

do 


Below pipe intake 

Mouth 




Sept. 5,1908 

May 16,1909 
May 19,1909 


Little Minook Junior 
Creek. 

Hunter Creek 

do 

do 


1.3 

34.4 
34.4 
34.4 
34.4 
34.4 
33.4 


.25 


Claim "No. 19 above ". 
do 


29.07 
9.48 


July 30,1909 


do 


do 


.81 


Aug. 2, 1909 


do 


do do 


.61 


Sept. 10, 1909 


do 


do do 


.17 


Aug. 10,1908 


do 


......do 


Claim "No. 14 above". 


.069 











SQUAW CREEK. 

Squaw Creek enters Yukon River from the north just above 
Rampart; directly opposite Minook Creek. The creek was not seen 
above the mouth, but the upper valley is said to have a valuable 
growth of timber. Considerable winter prospecting has been done, 
but no values are reported. A measurement made September 11, 
1908, at the mouth, gave a discharge of 27.7 second-feet. 

RUSSIAN CREEK. 

Russian Creek enters Yukon River from the south about 4 miles 
below Rampart. It has an asymmetric valley with steep slopes 
and a rather broad bottom land, thickly covered with small trees. 
It is about 8 miles long and flows generally north. 

A measurement was made about 3 miles above the mouth on Sep- 
tember 19, 1908, as foUows: 

Discharge, 1.9 second-feet; drainage area, 9.9 square miles; discharge, 0.192 second- 
foot per square mile. 

TANANA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION. 

Tan ana River is formed by the junction of Nabesna and Chisana 
rivers, which rise in large glaciers on the northern slope of the Wrangell 
Mountains. It flows northwestward with a valley length of over 400 



234 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

miles and enters the Yukon at longitude 152°, latitude 65° 10', 
draining an area of about 43,000 square miles. The basin is bounded 
on the south by the Alaska Range, from whose high snow-capped 
mountains it receives its largest tributaries and greatest rxm-ojff. 
Brooks^ states that ''the Tanana Valley falls into three physio- 
graphic provinces, which can be conveniently used for purposes of 
description. The broad lowland near the head is called the 'upper 
Tanana,' the constricted part of the valley between Tetling and Delta 
rivers is termed the 'middle Tanana,' while the broad portion between 
the Delta and the mouth will be designated the 'lower Tanana'." 
Stream-flow data from this basin are confined to those entering 
within the "Lower Tanana" province from the north. There the 
river keeps the north side of the valley and flows in several channels 
through much of its course. 

The Delta, Nenana, and Kantishna are the largest tributaries of the 
Tanana from the south. From the north Goodpaster, Salcha, Chena, 
and Tolovana rivers are the main branches. 

TANANA RIVER AT McCARTYS. 

At McCartys, just above Delta River, which is 95 miles above Fair- 
banks by the Government road, the Tanana flows in three channels 
except at extreme low water, when the middle one is dry. During 
the summer of 1909 the Alaskan Road Commission installed ferries 
on the right and left channels and bridged the center one. 

An attempt was made to obtain daily gage heights of the river at 
this point and a gage was installed on the left or main channel above 
the ferry on July 9, 1909, but no records were received. Two meas- 
urements of discharge were made during the summer, the results of 
which are shown in the following table: 

Discharge measurements of Tanana River at McCartys in 1909. 





Main channel. 


Three channels. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drainage 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 


Date. 


Width. 


Area of 
section. 


Mean 
velocity. 


Width. 


Area of 
section. 


Mean 
velocity. 


per 

square 

mile. 


July 9 
Aug. 28 


Feet. 
610 
580 


Sq.ft. 
4,820 
3,980 


Ft. pr. sec. 
5.04 
4.73 


Feet. 
916 
766 


Sq.ft. 
6,530 
5,170 


Ft. pr. sec. 
4.23 
4.12 


Feet. 
4.95 
3.95 


Sec.-ft. 
27, 600 
21,300 


Sq mi. 
13,900 
13,900 


Sec.-ft. 
1.99 
1.53 



TANANA RIVER BELOW CHENA. 



In order to obtain information regarding the winter run-off of the 
Tanana a discharge measurement was made 3 J miles below the town 

1 Brooks, A. H., The geography and geology of Alaska: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 45, p. 83, 1906. 



TANANA EIVER DKAINAGE BASIN. 



235 



of Chena, where the water was confined to one channel. Twenty-one 
holes were cut through ice from 1.9 to 4.2 feet thick. Large quan- 
tities of slush ice beneath the main ice sheet seriously interfered with 
the determination of the velocity at several of the sections, but the 
discharge is believed to be fairly accurate. The results of the meas- 
urements were as follows : 

Discharge, 4,450 second-feet; drainage area, 24,000 square miles; discharge per 
square mile, 0.185 second-foot; width, 417 feet; area of section, 2,440 square feet; 
mean velocity, 1.82 feet per second. 

BANNER CREEK AT MOUTH. 

This station, which is located at the highway bridge in the town of 
Richardson, was established July 6, 1909. The channel was com- 
posed of sand and small gravel and was liable to large changes during 
high water. The discharges for 1909 are based on one rating curve, 
and those for 1910 on two curves — the first applicable from June 
20 to July 30, the second from July 31 to September 30. No definite 
relation exists between the 1909 and the 1910 gage heights. 

Banner Creek enters the Tanana from the north about 70 miles 
above Fairbanks. Buckeye Creek is its main tributary. Consid- 
erable placer mining has been done in this basin. 

Discharge measurements of Banner Creeh at mouth in 1909-10. 





Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 6.. 


1909. 


Feet. 
1.33 
1.22 
1.12 
1.25 
1.21 


Sec.-ft. 
11.5 
9.2 

5.8 
9.9 

7.5 


June 20.. 

Aug. 17.. 

18.. 


1910. 


Feet. 
0.94 

.78 
.87 


Sec.-ft. 
4.2 


7 




4.9 


10 




8.0 


Aug. 27 






29 









236 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YtJKOK-TAKANA REGIOK, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Banner Creelc at mouth for 

1909-10. 



[Drainage area, 21.5 square miles. Observer, J. W. McCloskey.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


1 




4^ 

1 


o 
ft 


+^3 


•a 


1 


ft 


4.5 

'cE 

A 

■S) 


o 
.23 

ft 


<D 


o 


1909. 
1 










1.20 
1.15 
1.15 
1.15 
1.15 

1.15 
1.15 
1.10 
1.10 
1.20 

1.15 
1.15 
1.10 
1.15 
1.15 

1.15 
1.35 
1.25 
1.20 
1.15 

1.15 
1.15 
1.15 
1.20 
1.05 


7.8 
6.6 
6.6 
6.6 
6.6 

6.6 
6.6 
5.4 
5.4 

7.8 

6.6 
6.6 
5.4 
6.6 
6.6 

6.6 

12.2 

9.2 

7.8 
6.6 

6.6 
6.6 
6.6 
7.8 
4.3 


1909. 
26 


1.05 
1.10 
1.30 
1.50 
1.80 


4.3 

5.4 

10.6 

17.2 

29 






1.05 


4.3 


2 










27. 


1.25 
1.25 
1.25 
1.20 
1.20 


9.2 
9.2 

9.2 

7.8 
7.8 




3 










28 






4 










29 






5 










30 








1.30 
1.15 
1.30 
1.10 
1.15 

1.10 
1.10 
1.30 
1.30 
1.25 

1.20 
1.20 
1.20 
1.10 
1.05 

1.00 
1.00 
1.10 
1.10 
1.08 


10.6 
6.6 

10.6. 
5.4 
6.6 

5.4 

5.4 

10.6 

10.6 

9.2 

7.8 
7.8 
7.8 
5.4 
4.3 

3.3 
3.3 

5.4 
5.4 
5.0 






31 






fi 


Mean dis- 
charge . . 










7 








8.12 
0.378 

0.35 
29 
3.3 
C 




8.64 
0.402 

0.07 
9.2 
7.8 
B 






8 






6.78 


9 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






10 














0.315 


11 


R u n - fE 
(depth in 
inclies on 
d r ainage 
area) 






12 








13 








14 








15 






0.31 








Maximum . 




12.2 


16 


Minimum. . 




4.3 


17 






Accuracy . 




c 


18 












19 








20 








21 








22 








23 








24 








25.. 

















Note. — Gage taken out by high water July 31, 1909; replaced at same location Aug. 27. 



TANANA KIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 



237 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Banner Creek at mouth for 

1909-10— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Septe 


mber. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.00 
.93 
.90 
.90 

1.05 

1.05 

1.05 

1.00 

.95 

.95 

.90 
.90 
.90 

.87 
.87 

.84 

.87 
.87 
.87 
.87 

.87 

.90 

1.15 

1.15 

.95 

.90 
.90 

.87 

.90 

1.50 

1.40 


6.1 
4.0 
3.1 
3.1 

7.8 

7.8 
7.8 
6.1 
4.6 
4.6 

3.1 
3.1 
3.1 
2.5 
2.5 

2.0 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 

2.5 

3.1 

11.1 

11.1 

4.6 

3.1 
3.1 
2.5 
3.1 

23 

26 


1.20 

1.05 

1.00 

.90 

.85 

.80 
.80 

.78 
.78 
.78 

.78 
.75 
.75 
.70 
.70 

.80 
.78 
.80 
.92 
1.02 

.95 
.92 
.90 
.90 

.88 

.88 
.87 
.87 
.85 
.85 
.85 


19.3 
14.0 
12.2 

8.8 
7.2 

5.6 
5.6 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 

5.0 

4.2 
4.2 
2.7 

2.7 

5.6 
5.0 
5.6 
9.6 
12.9 

10.5 
9.6 

8.8 
8.8 
8.2 

8.2 
7.8 
7.8 
7.2 
7.2 
7.2 


0.85 
.87 
.90 
.95 
.97 

.95 
.95 
.93 
.90 

.87 

.87 
.90 
1.00 
.97 
.97 

1.15 
1.10 

.90 
1.00 

.95 

.90 

.95 

1.00 

1.05 

1.10 

1.08 
1.05 
1.10 
1.05 
1.00 


7.2 


2 






7.8 


3 






8.8 


4 






10.5 


5 






11.2 


6 






10.5 


7 






10.5 


8 






9.8 


9 






8.8 


10 






7.8 


11 






7.8 


12 






8.8 


13 






12.2 


14 






11.2 


15 






11.2 


16 






17.5 


17 






15.7 


18 






8.8 


19 






12.2 


20 


0.95 

.93 
.93 
.93 
.93 
.93 

1.22 

1.05 
1.05 
1.05 
1.05 


4.6 

4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

13.5 

7.8 
7.8 
7.8 
7.8 


10.5 


21 


8.8 


22 


10.5 


23 


12.2 


24 


14.0 


25 


15.7 


26 


15.0 


27 


14.0 


28 

29 


15.7 
14.0 


30 


12.2 


31 














Mean discharge 




6.30 
0.293 

0.12 
13.5 
4.0 
D 




5.63 
0.262 

0.30 
26 
2.0 
D 




7.63 
0.355 

0.41 
19.3 
2.7 
C 




11.4 






0.530 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




0.59 


Maximum 




17.5 


Minimum 




7.2 


Accuracy 




C 









MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made on 
minor tributaries of Tanana River: 

Miscellaneous measurements of minor tributaries of Tanana River, 1909-10. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to— 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
cliarge 

per 
square 

mile. 


July 11,1909 
Aug. 27,1909 
July 6, 1909 


Banner Creek 


Tanana River. Above Buckeye Creek.. 
do do 


Sec.-ft. 
3.3 
2.4 
5.2 
1.8 
4.3 
.45 

45 

62 

33 

27 

28 

21 


Sq. mi. 
13.8 
13.8 

6 

6 

6 

4.7 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 


Sec.-ft. 
0.24 


do 


.17 


Buckeye Creek 

.do 


Banner Creek, 
do 


Mouth 


.87 


July 11,1909 
Aug. 27,1909 
July 21,1910 
July 4, 1909 


rtn 


.30 


do 


do do 


.72 


Canyon Creek 


Tanana River. 


do 


.091 


Little Salcha River.'... 
do 


do 

do 


Road crossing 


.64 


July 13,1909 
Aug. 25,1909 
Aug. 30,1909 


do 


.89 


do 


.do 


.do 


.47 


do 


.do 


.do 


.39 


June 22,1910 


do 


. .do 


do 


.40 


Aug. 15,1910 


do 


do . .do 


.30 









238 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

SALCHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION. 

Salcha Kiver rises opposite the head of South Fork of Birch Creek, 
about 25 miles from the Yukon, and flows southwest with a valley 
length of about 125 miles and enters the Tanana about 40 miles 
above Fairbanks. The average fall of the river from North Fork to 
the mouth is 10 feet per mile, and from a point about 2 miles below 
the summit of the divide at the headwaters it averages 19 feet to the 
mile. 

Kedmond Creek enters the Salcha from the south 15 miles above 
the mouth. Junction and Mosquito creeks, which join to form Red- 
mond Creek, drain an area 6 to 8 miles north of the Tanana and 
parallel to it. 

SALCHA RIVER AT MOUTH. 

This station was established July 4, 1909. Daily gage heights were 
recorded from July 4 to September 30, 1909, and from May 12 to 
August 19, 1910. The gage was a vertical staff driven into the right 
bank of the river opposite W. F. Munson's road house. The gage 
was set at a different elevation at the beginning of each season, but 
during each season its position remained constant. Measurements 
were made from an Alaskan Road Commission ferry located about 
300 feet above the gage. The channel showed evidence of slight 
changes during high water, but the relation between gage height and 
discharge is believed to have remained fairly constant and the records 
should show closely the actual discharge. 

Discharge measurements of Salcha River at mouth in 1909-11. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 4 . . 


1909. 


Feet. 
2.20 
3.50 
3.20 
2.81 


Sec.-ft. 
1,730 
3,540 
3,080 
2,490 

a 64. 5 

6 4,380 

5,630 


1910— Continued. 
June 18 


Feet. 
2.79 
2.56 
1.33 

3.35 
2.91 
2.79 


Sec.-ft. 
2,660 


12 


22 


2,230 
920 


13 


Aug. 16 


Aug. 25 


1911. 
June 25 






1910. 


3,910 
2,950 
2,890 


Apr. 17.. 


26 


May 12 


3.59 

4.42 


27 


13 









a Measurement made through ice covering. 
b River rapidly rising. 



Discharge probably about the minimum for the winter. 



SALCHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



239 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Salcha River at mouth for 

1909-10. 

[Drainage area, 2,170 square miles. Observer, W. F. Munson.] 



Day. 



July. 



Gage 
height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



August. 



Gage 
height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



September. 



Gage 
height. 



Dis- 
charge. 



1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 

6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31- 



1909. 



Mean discharge 

Second-feet per square mile 

Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area) . , 

Maximum 

Minimum 

Accurac}^ 



2.20 
2.18 

2.10 
2.10 
2.35 
3.05 
3.05 

3.05 
3.40 
3.30 
4.10 
5.20 

5.70 
5.05 
3.75 
4.15 
4.00 

3.85 
3.05 
2.95 
2.95 
3.30 

3.10 
2.80 
2.75 
4.15 
4.95 
5.35 



1,730 
1,710 

1,630 
1,630 
1,800 
2,840 
2,840 

2,840 
3,380 
3,220 
4,640 
7,300 

9,130 
6,860 
3,960 
4,740 
4,440 

4,160 
2,840 
2,690 
2,690 
3,220 

2,910 
2,480 
2,410 
4,740 
6,580 
7,800 



5.25 
4.60 
4.85 
4.55, 
4.40 

3.80 
3.90 
4.05 
4.50 
4.70 

4.25 
4.00 
3.85 
3.50 
3.20 

3.00 
2.75 
2.70 
2.70 
2.80 

3.10 
3.20 
3.20 
3.10 
2.95 

2.80 
2.70 
2.60 
2.45 
2.25 
2.22 



7,460 
5,700 
6,300 
5,590 
5,260 

4,060 
4,250 
4,540 
5,480 
5,940 

4,940 
4,440 
4,160 
3,540 
3,060 

2,760 
2,410 
2,340 
2,340 
2,480 

2,910 
3,060 
3,060 
2,910 
2,690 

2,480 
2,340 
2,200 
2,010 
1,780 
1,750 



3,830 

1.76 

1.83 

9,130 

1,630 

B 



3,690 

1.70 

1.96 

7,460 

1,750 

B 



2.20 
2.10 
2.00 
2.10 
2.10 



1.95 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 



1,730 
1,630 
1,530 
1,630 
1,630 

1,630 
1,630 
1,630 
1,530 
1,530 

1,530 
1,480 
1,480 
1,480 
1,480 

1,480 
1,350 
1,350 
1,350 
1,350 

1,350 
1,350 
1,350 
1,350 
1,350 

1,350 
1,350 
1,350 
1,350 
1,350 



1,460 
0.673 
0.75 
1,730 
1,350 
B 



240 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Salcha River at mouth for 

1909-10— Continued . 





May. 


• June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






3.72 
3.55 
3.20 
3.05 
2.72 

2.80 
2.58 
2.18 
3.00 
4.50 

5.20 
5.55 
5.00 
4.10 
3.20 

2.80 
3.15 
2.95 
2.75 

"'2.' 56' 

"'2.' 96" 
2.90 

2.90 
3.50 
3.10 
3.00 
2.85 


4,390 
4,050 
3,360 
3,090 
2,520 

2,660 
2,300 
1,740 
3,000 
6,010 

7,480 
8,220 
7,060 
5,170 
3,360 

2,660 
3,270 
2,920 
2,580 
2,480 

2,380 
2,270 
2,550 
2,830 
2,830 

2,830 
3,950 
3,180 
3,000 
2,740 


3.60 
3.20 
2.85 
2.40 
2.20 

2.55 
2.40 
2.05 
1.80 
1.65 

1.60 
1.60 
1.90 
2.40 
2.35 

2.20 
1.90 
2.60 
1.60 
1.80 

1.70 
1.60 
1.60 
2.90 
4.55 

2.85 
2.65 
2.45 
2.00 
2.00 
2.70 


4,150 
3,360 
2,740 
2,040 
1,760 

2,260 
2,040 
1,580 
1,310 
1,160 

1,120 
1,120 
1,420 
2,040 
1,970 

1,760 
1,420 
1,120 
1,120 
1,310 

1,210 
1,120 
1,120 
2,830 
6,120 

2,740 
2,410 
2,110 
1,520 
1,520 
2,490 


3.05 
2.80 
2.50 
2.10 
2.00 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.75 
1.60 

1.60 
1.60 
1.60 
1.45 
1.35 

1.35 
"'4.' 36' 


3,090 
2,660 
2 180 


2 






3 






4 






1 640 


5 






1 520 


6 






1 310 


7 






1 310 


8 






1 310 


9 






1 260 


10 






1 120 


11 






1,120 


12 


3.59 
4.39 
4.65 
4.58 

4.80 
4.02 
4.50 
3.85 
3.70 

3.88 
3.40 
3.10 
3.48 
4.25 

4.28 
3.55 
3.40 
3.40 
2.50 
, 3.90 


4,130 
5,780 
6,320 
6,180 

6,640 
5,000 
6,010 
4,650 
4,350 

4,710 
3,750 
3,180 
3,910 
5,480 

5,550 
4,050 
3,750 
3,750 
2,180 
4,750 


1 120 


13 


1 120 


14 


1 000 


15 . 


930 


16 


930 


17 


2 480 


18 


4 030 


19 


5,590 


20 


21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




3,040 
140 

1.04 
6,640 
2,180 

A 




3,560 
1.64 

1.83 
8,220 
1,740 

A 




2,000 
0.920 

1.06 
6,120 
1,120 

A 




1,880 


Second-feet per square mUe 




0.866 


Run-off (depth in inches on drauiage 
area) 




0.61 


Maximum 




5,590 


Minimum 




930 


Acctu:acy 




A 









JUNCTION CREEK ABOVE MOOSE LAKE OUTLET. 



This station was established on Junction Creek, July 7, 1909, near 
A. F. Stowe's cabin, just above Moose Lake outlet and about a mile 
above Eedmond Creek. The channel was subject to slight changes, 
which would affect the low-water rating but would probably not 
appreciably affect the upper part of the rating curve. 

Discharge measurements of Junction Creeh above Moose Lake outlet in 1909 and 1910. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 7 . . 


1909. 


Feet. 
1.36 
1.80 
1.60 


Sec.-ft. 
5.0 
10.2 
7.2 


June 20.. 
Aug. 18.. 


1910. 


Feet. 
1.40 
1.32 


Sec.-ft. 
4.8 


11 




5.4 


Aug. 26 











SALCHA EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 



241 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Junction Creek above Moose 

Lake outlet for 1909, 1910, and 1912. 

[Drainage area, 23.6 square miles. Observer, A. F. Stowe.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


'S 


6 

1° 

o 
.22 

ft 


i 

O 


1 

.23 

ft 


® 

03 

o 


6 

o 
.S3 
ft 


.p— ) 
<» 

CO 

o 


f 

.S3 
ft 


1 


o 

.S3 


® 


o 


1909. 
1 






2.45 
3.50 
5.10 
3.40 
2.70 

2.10 
1.90 
1.95 
2.25 
2.65 

2.30 
2.45 
2.00 
1.80 
1.75 

1.75 
1.70 
1.60 
1.50 
3.60 


23 
46 
94 
43 

28 

16 
12 
13 
19 
27 

20 
23 
14 
10 
9.4 

9.4 
8.6 
7.2 
6.2 
49 


1.45 
1.40 
1.40 
1.40 
1.50 

'i."86' 
1.60 
1.55 

1.60 
1.55 
1.50 
1.70 
1.90 

1.90 
1.85 
1.65 


5.8 
5.3 
5.3 
5.3 
6.2 

7.5 
8.8 
10 
7.2 
6.7 

7.2 
6.7 
6.2 
8.6 
12 

12 
11 
7.9 

8.7 
9.5 


1909— Con. 
21 


1.25 
1.20 
1.25 
1.60 
1.55 

1.30 
1.28 
1.55 
2.75 
3.10 
2.95 


4.3 
4.0 
4.3 

7.2 
6.7 

4.6 
4.5 
6.7 

29 

36 

33 


2.90 
2.55 
2.10 
1.90 
1.65 

1.60 
1.55 
1.50 
1.50 
1.45 
1.45 


32 
25 
16 
12 
79 

7.2 
6.7 
6.2 
6.2 

5.8 
5.8 


1.80 
1.80 
1.80 


10 


2 






22 


10 


3 






23 


10 


4 .. 






24 




5 






25 






6 






26 






7 


1.36 
1.55 
1.42 
1.68 

1.80 
1.70 
2.40 
2.25 
2.65 

1.90 
1.55 
1.40 
1.38 
1.30 


5.0 
6.7 
5.5 
8.3 

10 
8.6 
22 
19 
27 

12 
6.7 
5.3 
5.2 
4.6 


27 






8 


28 






9 


29 






10 


30 








31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge. . 






12 




11.4 
0.483 

0.45 
36 
4.0 
B 




19.6 
0.831 

0.96 
94 
5.8 
C 






13 


8.17 


14 


Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 






0.346 


16 


R un -0 ff 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area) 






17 




18 




19 




20 


0.28 




Maxirrmm 




12 




Minimum. . 
Accuracy... 




5.3 
B 









42913° — wsp 342—15- 



-16 



242 - SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Junction Creek above Moose 
Lake outlet for 1909, 1910, and 1912. — Continued. 





June. 


. July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.40 
1.30 
1.25 
1.25 
1.45 

1.50 
1.45 
1.30 
1.30 
1.25 

1.15 
1.40 
1.30 
1.25 
1.15 

1.15 
1.15 
1.15 
1.15 
1.25 

1.00 
1.20 
1.80 
1.80 
2.10 

1.90 
1.70 
1.50 
1.30 
1.15 
2.60 


5.3 
4.6 
4.3 
4.3 

5.8 

6.2 
5.8 
4.6 
4.6 
4.3 

3.8 
5.3 
4.6 
4.3 
3.8 

3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
4.3 

3 

4 
10 
10 
16 

12 

8.6 
6.2 
4.6 
3.8 
26 


2.50 
2.20 
2.00 
1.70 
1.45 

1.30 
1.25 
1.25 
1.25 
1.20 

1.20 
1.15 
1.15 
1.20 
1.25 

1.25 
1.30 
1.35 
1.60 
1.8C 

1.90 
1.65 
1.50 
1.45 
1.45 

1.40 
1.40 
1.35 
1.30 
1.25 
1.25 


24 
18 
14 

8.6 

5.8 

4.6 
4.3 
4.3 
4.3 
4.0 

4.0 
3.8 
3.8 
4.0 
4.3 

4.3 
4.6 
5.0 

7.2 
10 

12 

7.9 
6.2 
5.8 
5.8 

5.3 
5.3 
5.0 
4.6 
4.3 
4.3 


1.30 
1.55 
1.50 
1.50 
2.35 

2.25 
2.00 
1.80 
1.70 
1.70 

1.65 
1.60 
1.60 
1.75 
1.90 

2.20 
2.60 
2.40 
2.00 

1.85 

1.85 


4.6 


2 






6.7 


3 






6.2 


4 






6.2 


5 






21 


6 






19 


7 






14 


8 


1.70 
1.60 
8.50 

6.60 
3.90 
2.80 
2.10 
1.85 

1.75 
1.65 
1.50 
1.45 
1.40 

1.35 
1.30 
1.30 
1.25 
1.20 

1.30 
1.40 
1.40 
1.35 
1.40 


8.6 
7.2 
199 

139 
58 
30 
16 
11 

9.4 
7.9 
6.2 
5.8 
5.3 

5 

4.6 

4.6 

4.3 

4 

4.6 

5.3 

5.3 

5 

5.3 


10 


9 


8.6 


10 


8.6 


11 


7.9 


12 


7.2 


13 


7.2 


14 


9.4 


15 


12 


16 


18 


17 


26 


18 


22 


19 


14 


20 


11 


21 


11 


22 




23 






24 






25. ., 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




24.0 
1.02 

0.87 
199 
4.0 

D 




6.30 
0.267 

0.31 
26 
3.0 
B 




6.75 
0.286 

0.33 

24 
3.8 
B 




11.9 






0.504 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




0.39 


Maximum 




22 


Minimum 




4.6 


Accuracy 




B 









CHENA KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



243 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Junction Creek above Moose 
Lake outlet for 1909, 1910, and i9i;g.— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 


4.3 
5.1 
4.3 
3.7 
3.1 

2.9 
2.3 
1.9 
1.6 
1.4 

1.35 

3.2 

3.3 

2.6 

5.4 

9.5 
4.7 
3.4 
6.1 
3.9 

3.2 
2.9 
6.1 

10+ 
10+ 

7.7 
5.1 
3.7 
3.1 
2.7 


70 
94 
70 
52 
36 

32 
20 
12 
7.2 

5.4 

5.0 

38 

40 

26 

103 

250 

82 

43 
124 

58 

38 

32 
124 
300 
300 

180 
94 
52 
36 

28 


2.7 
2.6 
2.4 
2.2 
2.1 

2.9 
1.8 
1.7 
1.6 
1.55 

1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.45 
1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.35 

1.4 

1.45 

1.45 

1.4 

1.35 

1.4 

1.45 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.35 

1.3 


28 
26 
22 
18 
16 

32 

10.2 
8.6 
7.2 
6.7 

5.8 
5.8 
5.8 
5.8 
5.4 

5.4 
5.4 
5.4 
5.0 

5.4 

5.8 
5.8 
5.4 
5.0 
5.4 

5.8 
5.4 
5.4 
5.4 
5.0 
4.6 


1.25 

1.25 

1.25 

1.2 

1.2 

1.15 

1.25 

1.2 

1.25 

1.3 

1.4 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.25 

1.2 

1.2 

1.15 

1.15 

1.15 

1.15 

1.15 

1.15 

1.2 

1.25 

1.4 

1.4 

1.35 

1.3 

1.25 

1.3 


4.3 
4.3 
4.3 
4.0 
4.0 

3.7 
4.3 
4.0 
4.3 
4.6 

5.4 
4.6 
4.6 
4.6 
4.3 

4.0 
4.0 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 

3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
4.0 
4.3 

5.4 
5.4 
5.0 
4.6 
4.3 
4.6 


1.4 

1.5 

1.5 

1.45 

1.4 

1.35 

1.3 

1.4 

1.35 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.25 

1.25 

1.3 

1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.35 

1.35 

1.4 

1.45 

1.5 

1.7 

1.6 

1.45 

1.35 

1.3 

1.3 


5.4 


2 


6.2 


3 


.6.2 


4 


5.8 


5 


5.4 


6 


5.0 


7 


4.6 


8 


5.4 


9 


5.0 


JO 


4.6 


11 


4.6 


12 


4.6 


13 


4.3 


14 


4.3 


15 


4.6 


16 


4.6 


17 


4.6 




4.6 


19 


4.6 




5.0 




5.0 


22 


5.4 




5.8 


24 


6.2 




8.6 


26 


7.2 


27 


5.8 




5.0 


29 


4.6 




4.6 


31 














Mean discharge 




78.4 
3.32 

3.70 
300 
5.0 

D 




9.32 
0.395 

0.46 
32 
4.6 
D 




4.29 
0.182 

0.21 
5.4 
3.7 

D 




5.25 






0.222 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




0.25 


Maximum 




8.6 


Minimum 




4.3 


Accuracy 




D 









Note. — No measurements were made in 1912. 
should be considered only approximate. 



The discharges as published may be largely in error and 



CHENA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



DESCRIPTION. 



Chena River rises between the headwaters of South Fork of Birch 
Creek and Salcha River at an elevation between 4,000 and 5,000 
feet. It has a length of about 100 miles and flows sHghtly south of 
west to the lowlands of the Tanana Valley, where it empties its 
waters into Chena Slough 10 miles above Fairbanks. It drains an 
area of 1,860 square miles. Its principal tributaries are Munson 
Creek and South Fork from the south and North Fork and little 
Chena River from the north. 

The part of Chena River above North Fork is sometimes called 
Middle Fork. It has a catchment of 540 square miles, the major 



244 SUKFACE WATER SUPPI.Y OF YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 

part of which Hes to the south. Munson Creek, its largest tributary, 
enters from the south about 45 miles from the head. Ottertail Creek 
is the largest stream from the north and enters about 8 miles above 
Munson Creek. Salmonfoot, Shamrock, Palmer, Teuchet, and Black- 
shell, in downstream order, are small branches from the south. 

North Fork takes its source in the Yukon-Tanana divide at the 
head of Chatanika River and Harrington Fork of Birch Creek and 
joins the main stream about 10 miles below Mimson Creek, at an 
elevation of a httle over 800 feet. West Fork is the largest tributary 
of North Fork, which it enters from the right about 12 miles above 
the mouth. Monument Creek, the only branch of consequence from 
the left, unites with North Fork about 3 miles above West Fork. 
West Fork rises in the divide between Harrington Fork of Birch 
Creek and Pool Creek. Its two main tributaries are Frozenfoot and 
Olympia creeks. 

South Fork is confluent to the Chena about 20 miles below the 
North Fork. It drains an irregularly shaped area somewhat smaller 
than the North Fork basin. 

The major part of the stream-flow studies that have been carried 
on in this basin were on Little Chena River and its tributaries. (See 
pp. 251-270.) 

Much of the largest and best quahty of spruce lumber used in the 
Fairbanks mining district was taken from the Chena basin. Con- 
siderable timber remains in the larger valleys but is inferior in quality 
and is not so near the river banks as that which has been cut. 

CHENA RIVER ABOVE SHAMROCK CREEK. 

This station was established July 1, 1912, about one-half mile above 
Shamrock Creek and about 600 feet above Van Curler^s dam. A 
gage was set on each side of the creek at the same elevation so that 
the height might be read from either side of the stream at times of 
high water. The gage on the left bank was read at all times during 
low water. All measurements were made by wading. The water 
was confined to one channel at aU stages below gage height 5.3. 
Above that level it occupied two channels. The measuring conditions 
were fairly good and the discharges as published should be excellent 
between 150 and 300 second-feet. The minimum discharge during 
the period covered by the records was 135 second-feet on July 12 and 
13. The flow past the station during 1912 appears by comparison 
of records to have been considerably above the average, and the 
minimum flow was probably several times what should be expected 
for a minimum in low-water year. By comparing these records with 
those obtained on Chena River above Little Chena River during 
1910-1912 a fair estimate could probably be made of the flow for 
those years at this station. 



CHEKA EIVER DEAIKAGE BASIN. 245 

Discharge measurements of Chena River above Shamrock Creek in 1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


July 1 


Feet. 
5.30 
5.25 
5.40, 


Sec.-ft. 
195 
177 
230 


Aug. 27.. 
Sept. 3.. 




Feet. 
5.45 
5.31 


Sec.-ft. 
255 


2 




196 


Aug. 26 











Daily gage height, in feet, and dischojge, in second feet, of Chena River above Shamrock 

Creek for 1912. 



[Drainage area, 


157 square miles. 


Observer, A. Van Curler.] 








July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 


5.30 
5.25 
5.55 
5.35 
5.22 

5.12 
5.10 
5.12 
5.05 
5.02 

5.05 
5.00 
5.00 
5.18 
5.20 

5.10 
5.15 
5.20 
5.12 
5.18 

5.30 
5.32 
5.25 
5.20 
5.15 

5.18 
5.58 
5.70 
5.58 
5.55 
5.30 


193 
178 
308 
212 
170 

150 
146 
150 
140 
137 

140 
135 
135 
161 
164 

146 
156 
164 
150 
161 

193 
201 

178 
164 
156 

161 
325 
397 
325 
308 
193 


5.30 
5.25 
5.22 
5.25 
5.20 

5.15 
6.25 
5.75 
5.60 
5.58 

6.15 
5.90 
5.80 
5.65 
5.60 

5.52 
5.50 
5.55 
5.55 
5.52 

5.30 
5.30 
5.25 
5.28 
5.25 

5.40 
5.45 
5.40 
5.35 
5.30 
5.30 


193 
178 
170 
178 
164 

156 
772 
429 
336 
325 

702 
528 
461 
366 
336 

291 
280 
308 
308 
291 

193 
193 

178 
187 
178 

232 
256 
232 
212 
193 
193 


5.32 

'"5." so" 

5.35 
5.30 

5.22 
5.25 
5.25 
5.20 
5.20 

5.15 
5.15 
5.15 
5.18 
5.20 

5.30 
5.35 
5.45 
5.30 
5.65 

5.80 
5.58 
5.55 
5.50 
5.45 


201 
197 
193 
212 
193 

170 

178 
178 
164 
164 

156 
156 
156 
161 
164 

193 
212 
256 
193 
366 

461 
325 
308 
280 
256 

243 
230 
217 
204 
191 


5.25 
5.20 
5.18 
5.15 
5.15 

5.12 
5.12 
5.12 
5.10 
5.10 

5.10 
5.10 
5.10 
5.08 
5.08 

5.05 
5.05 


178 


2 


164 


3 , 


161 


4 ... 


156 


5 


156 


6 


150 


7 


150 


8 


150 


9 


146 


10 


146 


11 


146 


12 


146 


13 


146 


14 


144 


15 


144 


16 


140 


17 


140 


18 




19 






20 






21.... 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




190 
1.21 

1.40 
397 
135 

B 




291 
1.85 

2.13 

772 
156 
C 




219 
1.39 

1..55 
461 
156 

B 




151 






0.961 


Run-ofT (depth in inches on drainage 




0.61 


Maximum 




178 






140 


Accuracy 




A 









CHENA RIVER ABOVE LITTLE CHENA RIVER. 

This station was established May 17, 1910, on Chena River, about 
5 miles above its union with Chena Slough and about 3 miles above 
the mouth of the Little Chena River. The gage was a vertical staff 
driven in a small dead slough about 100 feet from the main channel 
opposite A. G. Peterson's cabin. It was read morning and evening. 
All discharge measurements were made from a boat. The rating 
curves indicate that the relation between gage height and discharge 



246 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOIT-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



was variable, probably owing largely to shifting channel, although 
the elevations of the gages as reset each season were determined by 
hand level and may be somewhat in error. 

All 1911 records have been reduced to the 1910 datum and are 
directly comparable. The elevation of the zero of the 1912 gage was 
0.67 foot lower than that of 1910, and the records for 1912 have not 
been adjusted to the 1910 datum. 

Discharge measurements of Chena River above Little Chena River in 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
May 17 

18 

June 26 

Aug. 13 

31 


Feet. 
5.83 
5.14 
1.54 
.38 
2.63 


Sec.-ft. 
4,550 
3,890 
1,050 
569 
1,900 


1911. 
June 22 

23 

July 5 

6 


Feet. 
3.45 
3.31 
4.07' 
4.24 


Sec.-ft. 
2,090 
1,960 
2,750 
2,900 


1912. 

June 17 

Aug. 3 

4 


Feet. 
6.42 
2.39 
2.36 


Sec.-ft. 
5,100 
1,020 
1,020 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chena River 5 miles above 
mouth of Little Chena River for 1910-1912. 

[Draiaage area, 1,440 square miles. Observer, A. G. Peterson.] 



Day. 



Gage 
height. 



1910. 



1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 

6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 

18. 
19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 

25. 

26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 



May. 



Dis- 
charge. 



5.88 
5.09 
4.39 
4.26 

4.62 
4.86 
4.03 
3.63 
4.30 



Gage 
height. 



4,550 
3,880 
3,290 
3,180 

3,480 
3,690 
2,980 
2,640 
3,210 

3,630 
2,430 
1,660 
1,420 
1,370 
1,330 



June. 



Dis- 
charge. 



2.23 
2.66 
2.46 
2 03 
1.98 

1.93 
2.56 
2.23 
2.03 
2.08 

8.98 
10.93 
9.23 
6.24 
4.64 

3.64 
3.38 
2.90 



Mean dis- 
charge. , 

Second-feet per 
square mile. . 

Rim-ofl (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 

Minimum 

Accuracy 



2,850 



1.10 

4,550 

1,330 

A 



2. 
2. 

1. 
1. 
1. 
1. 
1. 

1.54 
1.40 
1.45 
1.34 
1.21 



Gage 
height. 



1,550 
1,870 
1,720 
1,400 
1,370 

1,330 
1,800 
1,550 
1,400 
1,440 

7,190 

8,850 
7,400 
4,860 
3,500 

2,650 
2,440 
2,060 
1,700 
1,420 

1,320 
1,240 
1,210 
1,180 
1,150 

1,090 

1,020 

1,040 

982 

915 



2,290 
1.59 



1.77 
8,850 
915 
A 



July. 



1.60 
1.72 
1.63 
1.32 
1.09 

.98 
1.35 
1.37 
1.16 

.95 

.84 
.74 
.60 
.60 
.44 

.45 
.46 
.39 
.28 
.26 

.19 
.10 
.10 
.32 
1.39 

2.02 
1.99 
1.72 
1.40 
1.23 
1.05 



Dis- 
charge. 



Gage 
height. 



1,130 

1,200 

1,150 

971 

860 

811 
988 
998 
886 
798 

751 
711 
655 
655 
599 

602 
606 
582 
544 
538 

518 
495 
495 
557 
1,010 

1,390 
1,370 
1,200 
1,020 
925 
844 



834 
0.579 



0.67 
1,390 
495 
A 



August. 



Dis- 
charge. 



1.70 
2.13 
2.02 
1.68 
1.38 

1.23 

1.06 

.92 

.83 
.68 

.58 
.56 
.38 
.38 
.38 

.38 

.38 

.48 

2.29 

6.05 

5.64 
4.84 
3.62 
3.24 

2.88 

3.05 
3.50 
3.19 
3.28 
2.95 
2.74 



Gage 
height. 



1,190 
1,470 
1,390 
1,180 
1,000 

925 
847 

784 
747 
687 

648 
641 

578 
578 
578 

578 

578 

613 

1,590 

4,700 

4,350 
3,670 
2,640 
2,330 
2,040 

2,180 
2,540 
2,290 
2,360 
2,100 
1,930 



September. 



2.52 
2.32 
2.22 
2.38 
2.68 

3.25 
4.05 
3.82 
3.26 
2.94 

2.68 
2.52 
2.38 
2.34 
2.40 

3.55 
4.36 
4.36 
4.38 
3.95 

3.28 
2.89 
2.78 
2.70 
2.66 

2.50 
2.42 
2.32 
2.24 
2.10 



1,600 
1.11 



1.28 
4,700 
578 
A 



Dis- 
charge, 



1,760 
1,620 

1,540 
1,660 

1,880 

2,340 
3,000 
2,800 
2,350 
2,090 

1,880 
1,760 
1,660 
1,630 
1,680 

2,580 
3,260 
3,260 
3,280 
2,910 

2,360 
2,050 
1,960 
1,900 
1,870 

1,750 
1,690 
1,620 
1,560 
1,450 



2,100 
1.46 



1.63 

3,280 

1,450 

A 



October. 



Gage 
height- 



2.02 
1.96 
1.89 
1.76 
1.64 

1.59 
1.38 
1.12 



.79 
.71 
.91 
1.11 
.99 

.78 
.66 
.76 
.78 
.69 

.54 
.36 
.30 
.30 
.30 

.30 
.30 
.30 



Dis- 
charge. 



1,390 
1,350 
1,310 
1,130 
1,150 

1,120 
1,000 

874 
767 
759 

731 
699 
780 
870 
816 

727 
679 
719 
727 
691 

634 
571 
550 
550 
550 

550 
550 
550 



814 
0.565 



0.59 
1,390 
550 
A 



CHENA EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



247 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chena River 5 miles above 
mouth of Little Chena River for 1910-1912 — Continued. 





June. 


July. 


Aug 


ust. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






2.18 
2.78 
2.91 
2.85 
4.10 

3.80 
3.16 
3.28 
2.98 
2.69 

2.32 
2.15 
2.02 
1.92 
1.85 

1.75 
1.58 
1.46 
1.40 
1.28 

1.20 
1.20 
1.16 
1.12 
1.06 

1.00 
.94 
.90 
.90 

.88 
.85 


1,220 
1,640 
1,740 
1,690 
2,690 

2,450 
1,940 
2,030 
1,790 
1,570 

1,310 
1,200 
1,120 
1,060 
1,020 

964 

873 
812 

783 
727 

691 
691 
675 
658 
634 

611 

588 
573 
573 
566 
554 


0.78 
.72 
.62 
.60 
.60 

.60 
.60 
.56 
,55 
.55 

.55 
1.02 
2.60 
2.45 
2.58 

6.35 
8.20 
7.60 
7.30 
6.10 

5.01 
4.29 
3.76 
3.50 
3.00 

2.78 
2.58 
2.46 
2.46 
2.38 
2.26 


529 
507 
472 
465 
465 

465 
465 
453 
450 
450 

450 

619 

1,510 

1,400 

1,500 

4,550 
6,120 
5,610 
5,360 
4,340 

3,420 
2,840 
2,420 
2,210 
1,810 

1,640 
1,500 
1,410 
1,410 
1,360 
1,270 


2.16 
2.20 
2.50 
2.62 
2.50 

2.38 
2.28 
2.18 
2.08 
1.86 

1.82 
1.74 
1.84 
1.90 
1.90 

1.82 
1.86 
1.72 
1.70 
1.65 

1.60 
1.60 
1.58 
1.44 

1.48 

1.78 
1.85 
2.05 
2.26 
2.40 


1,210 
1,230 
1,440 
1,520 
1,440 

1,360 
1,290 
1,220 
1,160 
1,030 

1,000 
958 
1,020 
1,050 
1,050 

1,Q00 

1,030 

947 

936 

910 

883 
883 
873 
803 
822 

981 
1,020 
1,140 
1,270 
1,370 


2.35 
2.. 38 
2.22 
2.16 
2.06 

1.98 
1.82 
1.76 
1.60 
1.55 

1.45 
1.40 
1.34 
1.36 
1.26 

1.26 
1.10 
1.06 
1.06 
1.00 

.94 

.89 
.80 
.80 
.80 

.74 
.76 
.70 
.70 


1,340 


2 






1,360 


3 






1,240 


4 






1,210 


5 






1,150 


6 






1,100 


7 






1,000 


8 






970 


9 






883 


10 






858 


11 






808 


12 






783 


13 






755 


14 






764 


15 






718 


16 






718 


17 






650 


18 






634 








634 


20 






611 


21 






588 




3.45 
3.26 
3.06 

2.88 

2.65 
2.48 
2.32 
2.18 
2.00 


2,170 
2,020 
1,860 
1,720 

1,540 
1,430 
1,310 
1,220 
1,110 


569 


23 


536 




536 


25 


536 


26 


514 


27 


522 


28 


500 




500 


30 




31 
























1,600 
1.11 

0.37 
2,170 
1,110 

B 




1,140 
0. 792 

0.91 
2,690 
554 
C 




1,850 
1.29 

1.49 
6,120 
450 
D 




1,090 

0.757 

0.84 
1,520 
803 
D 




793 


Second -feet per 




0.551 


Run-off (depth in 
area) 




0.59 


Maximum 




1,360 


Minimum 




500 






D 









248 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Chena River 5 miles above 
mouth of Little Chena River for 1910-1912— Gontmued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


4-= 

.-a 


1 

P 


i 

.a 


o 


4J 

'S 


<» 

1 

o 
.23 




05 

■s 

P 


'S 

A 

o 


o 

•a 
p 


® 


6 

■g 

P 


1912. 
1 






4.35 
3.89 
3.64 


2,500 
2,130 
1,930 
1,860 
1,780 

1,680 
1,430 
1,290 
1,170 
1,090 

1,040 

1,000 

974 

944 

914 

968 
1,030 
968 
920 
992 


2.66 
2.48 
2.40 
2.36 
2.24 

2.16 
2.11 
2.09 
2.58 
2.78 

2.60 

2.52 
2.60 


1,200 
1,090 
1,040 
1,020 
944 

896 

866 

855 

1,150 

1,290 

1,160 
1,110 
1,160 


1912— Con. 
21 


7.69 
5.76 
5.24 
8.52 
11.05 

10.95 
8.75 
7.40 
5.50 
4.82 


6,180 
4,530 
4,080 
6,900 
9,050 

8,920 
7,100 
5,930 
3,440 
2,880 


2.30 
2.30 
2.46 
2.46 
2.44 

2.28 
2.22 
2.12 
2.38 
2.50 
2.82 


980 

980 

1,080 

1,080 

1,060 

968 

932 

872 

1,030 

1,100 

1,310 






2 






22 






3 






23 






4 






24 






5 






3.45 

3.32 
2.99 
2.78 
2.62 
2.48 

2.40 
2.34 
2.29 
2.24 
2.19 

2.28 
2.38 
2.28 
2.20 
2.32 


25 






6 






26. 

27 






7 










8 






28 






9... 






29 






10 






30 












31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 










12..,. 








5,690 
0.395 

0.21 
9,050 

2,880 
D 




1,2.30 
0.854 

0.98 
2,500 
8 72 
C 






13 






1,060 


14 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 




15 






















0.736 


16 .. 


R u n - ff 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 






17.. . 


6.62 
6.90 
5.18 
7.22 


5,270 
5,500 
4,030 
5,780 








18 








19 








20 






0.36 








Maxirnum.. 




1,290 




Minimum . . 
Accuracy... 




855 
B 











NORTH FORK OF CHENA RIVER ABOVE MONUMENT CREEK. 

A gage was installed on the left bank of North Fork of Chena River 
about 150 feet above the mouth of Monument Creek on June 28, 1912. 
A good measuring section was not available, but sufficient measure- 
ments were obtained to give a well-defined discharge curve for all 
stages above 40 second-feet. 

The discharges at this station for 1912 were no doubt considerably 
above the normal. 



Discharge measurements of North Fork of Chena River above Monument Creek in 1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 28 


Feet. 
2.82 
2.75 
2.46 


Sec.-ft. 
116 
96 
45 


July 21.. 
Aug. 29 . . 




Feet. 
2.48 
2.57 


Sec.-ft. 
46 


29.. - 




63 


July 20.. 













CHENA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



249 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of North Fork of Chena River 

above Monument Creehfor 1912. 

[Drainage area, 93.8 square miles. Observers, D. H. Luckey and Theodore Rolston.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


1 


bo 

o 

.a 
ft 


4-2 


o 
.59 
ft 




o 
.S3 
ft 


be 

1 

be 

C3 
O 


s 


+.3 
® 

o 


03 

a 
o 

s 


S 

® 
bC 
a 
O 


6 
o 


1 






2.54 
2.50 
2.50 
2.46 
2.42 

2.37 
2.35 
2.35 
2.33 
2.33 

2.37 
2.35 
2.33 
2.37 
2.46 

2.42 
2.44 
2.42 
2.44 
2.44 


56 
50 
50 
45 
40 

36 
34 
34 
33 
33 

36 
34 
33 
36 
45 

40 
43 
40 
43 
43 


2.42 
2.39 
2.37 
2.37 
2.35 

2.35 
2.54 
2.44 
2.46 
2.46 

2.50 

2.58 
2.67 
2.58 
2.58 

2.54 


40 
37 
36 
36 
34 

34 
56 
43 
45 
45 

50 
63 
81 
63 
63 

56 


21 






2.48 
2.44 
2.42 
2.29 
2.37 

2.37 
2.42 
2.60 
2.58 
2.50 
2.44 


48 
43 
40 
30 
36 

36 
40 
66 
63 
50 
43 






2 






22 










3 






23 










4 






24 










5 






25 










6 






26 










7 






27 










8 






28 


2.83 
2.75 
2.62 


119 
99 
70 






9 






29 






10 






30 












31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge . . 










12.!!!!!!!!! 












41.9 
0.447 

0.52 
66 
30 
A 


... 




13 






48.9 


14 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 










15 














0.521 


16 


R u n - fC 
(depth in 
iaches on 
d r ainage 
area) 










17 








18 












19 












20 










0.31 












MaxirrmTTi 








81 




Minimnm . . 








34 




Accuracy 








A 















NORTH FORK OF CHENA RIYER BELOW MONUMENT CREEK. 

This station was established June 28, 1912. The gage was located 
about 500 feet below the mouth of !Monument Creek. The rating 
curve is very poorly defined and the discharges are only approximate. 
The discharges at this station for 1912 were no doubt considerably 
above the normal. 



Discharge measurements of North Fork of Chena River helow Monument Creek in 1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 28 


Feet. 
4.08 
4.00 
3.67 


Sec.-ft. 
162 
140 
75 


July 21.. 
Aug. 29.. 




Feet. 
3.71 
3.73 
3.71 


Sec.-ft. 

87 


29 




90 


July 20 


30.. 




84 









250 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGIOIT, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in aecond-feet, of North Fork of Chena River 

below Monument Creek for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 129 square miles. Observers, D. H. Luckey and Theodore Rolston.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 




A 
o 

ft 


3 
® 


IS 

o 

.a 

Q 




M 

o 

•a 
p 




6 

o 
ft 


4-= 

bH 

s 


6 

§■ 

o 

.a 
P 


bo 
"S 

A 

CD 


p 


1 






3.79 
3.75 
3.73 
3.69 
3.64 

3.60 

3.58 
3.48 
3.54 
3.52 

3.48 
3.54 
3.52 
3.58 
3.67 

3.62 
3.67 
3.73 
3.71 
3.67 


98 
90 
87 
80 
73 

67 
64 
50 
59 
56 

50 
59 
56 
64 

78 

70 

78 
87 
84 
78 


3.67 
3.60 
3.58 
3.58 
3.60 

3.54 
3.35 
3.21 
3.54 
3.29 

3.83 
3.75 
3.83 
3.79 
3.75 

3.71 


78 
67 
64 
64 
67 

59 
124 

92 
103 

83 

106 
90 

106 
98 
90 

84 


21 






3.71 
3.67 
3.62 
3.58 
3.56 

3.58 
3.79 
3.96 
3.83 
3.73 
3.69 


84 
78 
70 
64 
61 

64 
98 
133 
106 
87 
80 






2 






22 










3 






23 










4 






24 










5 






25 










6 






26 










7 






27 










8 






28 


4.08 
4.00 
3.87 


161 
142 
114 






9 






29 ... 






10 






30... 












31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge . . 










12 












75.9 
0.588 

0.68 
133 
50 
D 






13 






85.9 


14 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 










15 














0.666 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 










17 








18 












19 












20 










0.40 












Maximum . . 








124 




Minimum . . 








59 




Accuracy . . 








D 















Note. — Discharges from Aug. 7-10 applied indirectly. 



MONUMENT CREEK AT CHENA HOT SPRINGS. 



A gage was installed on Monument Creek June 28, 1912, about IJ 
miles above the mouth of the creek and directly opposite Chena Hot 
Springs. The rating curve was well defined between 20 and 50 
second-feet. The channel appeared to be fairly permanent and the 
measuring conditions were good. The flow past this station for 1912 
was no doubt considerably above the average. 

Discharge measurements of Monument Creeh at Chena Hot Springs in 1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Jtme 28 


Feet. 
2.54 
2.46 
2.27 


Sec.-ft. 
60 
39 
26 


Aug. 29 


Feet. 
2.26 
2.24 


Sec.-ft. 
24 


29 


31 


22 


July 20 











CHENA EIVER DEAIKAGE BASIN. 



251 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Monument Creek at Chena 

Hot Springs for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 30.1 square miles. Observers, D. H, Luckey and Theodore Rolston.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


2 

1 


03 




o 

s 


4.9 
® 


to 
o 




6 

o 

.S3 
ft 


4-> 

-a 

1 
1 

o3 

o 


® 

1 

.a 
ft 


to 

'S 


to 

o 
.S3 


1 






2.33 
2.31 
2.29 
2.25 
2.23 

2.21 
2.17 
2.19 
2.17 
2.17 

2.19 
2.17 
2.17 
2.27 
2.31 

2.25 
2.33 
2.35 
2.33 
2.27 


29 
28 
26 
24 
23 

22 
20 
21 
20 
20 

21 
20 
20 
25 

28. 

24 
29 
31 
29 
25 


2.27 
2.25 
2.25 
2.25 
2.25 

2.25 
2.67 
2.50 
2.58 
2.37 

2.50 
2.58 
2.42 
2.62 
2.37 

2.42 


25 
24 
24 
24 
24 

24 
63 
44 
53 
33 

44 
53 
37 
57 
33 

37 


21 






2.29 
2.29 
2.25 
2.29 
2.19 

2.23 
2.67 
2.75 
2.50 
2.33 
2.29 


26 
26 
24 
26 
21 

23 

63 
74 
44 
29 
26 






2 






22 










3 






23 










4 






24 










5 






25 










6 






26 










7 






27 










8 






28 


2.54 
2.44 
2.37 


48 
39 
33 






9 






29 






10 






30 












31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge . . 










12 












28.0 
.930 

1.07 

74 
20 
A 






13 






37.4 


14 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 










15 














1.24 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
iaches on 
d r ainage 
area) 










17 








18 .. 












19 












20 










0.74 












Maximum . . 








63 




Minimum . . 








24 




Accuracy. 








A 















MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made 
in Chena River drainage basin in 1912: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Chena River drainage basin in 1912. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to — 


Locality, 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 


July 19 

July 22 

22 


North Fork of Chena 

River. 
Frozenfoot Creek 

do 


Chena River 

West Fork of Chena 

River. 
do 


Below Boulder Creek.. 

Elevation 1,500 feet.... 

2 miles above mouth . . 
Above Olympia Creek. 

Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 
24 

7.9 

14 
32 

22 


Sq. mi. 
49.6 

21 

40.8 
106 

23.6 


Sec.-ft. 
0.48 

.38 

.34 


22 
22 


West Fork of Chena 

River. 
Olympia Creek 


Chena River 

West Fork of Chena 
River. 


.30 
.93 









LITTLE CHENA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

The southern slope of the divide between the Chatanika and Chena 
drainage basins, from the headwaters of Smith and Flat creeks to 
Pedro Dome, a distance of about 25 miles, is drained by Little Chena 



^52 SURFACE WATER StJPPLY OF YUKOI^-TANANA REGIOK, ALASKA. 

River and its tributaries, Sorrels and Fish creeks. The drainage basin 
is irregular in shape and is crossed by a network of small, ramifpng 
streams with precipitous slopes in their upper courses. The upper 
portion of the main stream is also steep, having a fall of 100 to 150 
feet to the mile, but this slope decreases rather abruptly to about 18 
feet to the mile in the vicinity of Sorrels and Fish creeks. 

Above Fish Creek the Little Chena flows through a rather broad, 
asymmetric valley, but below that stream it takes the center of a 
deep, rather narrow channel for about 8 miles, to Anaconda Creek, an 
important tributary which enters from the left. B^elow this point the 
valley gradually widens again until the stream reaches the lowlands 
tributary to Chena River, with which it unites 3 or 4 miles above the 
confluence of Chena Slough. Through this slough the Chena dis- 
charges its waters into the Tanana near the town of Chena. The 
slough affords a passageway for the Tanana steamers from its mouth 
to Fairbanks, 12 miles above, except in times of low water, when the 
cargoes are transferred at Chena to the Tanana Valley Railroad. 

In the low-water period the stream occupies a channel 30 to 75 feet 
wide, crossing from side to side of a broad, gravelly bed ranging in 
width from 100 to 300 feet. The channel is defined by steep, alluvial 
banks that form the approach to the heavily timbered bottom lands 
which prevail in the river valley above the confluence of Fish Creek. 
At high-water stages the river completely fills its broad bed, over- 
flowing the banks and seeking numerous smaller channels that sur- 
round heavily wooded islands. 

Solo, Bear, Fairbanks, and Miller creeks are the principal tribu- 
taries, named in downstream order, of Fish Creek. All of them 
enter from the left. Elliott Creek rises opposite Kokomo Creek, 
flows southeast for about 6 miles, and enters Sorrels Creek about 2 
miles above the Little Chena. 

The greater part of the drainage basin is well covered with timber, 
that in the uplands and on the slopes and smaller divides consisting of 
spruce, birch, and poplar, suitable only for fuel and cabin building. 
In the lower valleys and creek bottom lands the prevailing growth is 
spruce, much of which is suitable for miUing purposes. 

The area is everywhere covered with the common moss, but here 
and there limestones, mica schist, and gravel outcrop on the slopes. 
In the creek vaUeys the mossy covering is usually underlain with 
frozen muck and glacial ice. 

LITTLE CHENA RIVER ABOVE SORRELS CREEK. 

This station was estabhshed July 22, 1907, about 2 miles above 
Sorrels Creek and about one-half mile below Bonanza Creek. Records 
of gage heights were kept during part of the summers of 1907 and 
1908. On July 3, 1910, a gage was installed on the creek near the 



CHENA EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



253 



location of the original gage but not at the same section. The rating 
curves for the two gages are, therefore, not comparable. The drainage 
areas are essentially the same. 

Gage heights for 1907 and 1908 were obtained in cooperation with 
Messrs. Joslin, Wobber, and others. 

Discharge measurements of Little Chena River above Sorrels Creek in 1907, 1908, and 1910. 



Date. 


Hydrographer. j^^||\_ 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1907. 
July 22 
24 


C. C. Covert 


Feet. 
0.60 

.56 
1.10 
1.05 

.73 

1.65 

.46 
.46 


Sec.-ft. 

44 

40 

113 

103 

57 

249 
32 
34 


1910. 

July 3 
10 
17 
24 

Aug. 1 

8 

20 

22 

24 


G. L. Parker 


Feet. 
1.70 
1.68 
1.65 
2.40 
1.85 
1.69 
2.48 
2.13 
2.04 


Sec.-ft. 
30 


Covert and "White 

do 

do 

C. C. Covert 


T. J. Shaw 


24 


Aug. 4 

5 

20 


do 

do 

do 


19.7 
163 
50 


1908. 


Covert and White 

C. C. Covert 


Parker and Shaw 

T. J. Shaw 


24 
194 


Mav 29 

July 21 

31 


do 

Parker and Shaw 


100 

77 


Geo. Neuner, jr 





Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Little Chena River above Sorrels 

Creel for 1907, 1908, and 1910. 

[Drainage area, 79 square miles. Observers: Sherman White, 1907-8; T. J. Shaw, 1910.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


1 

Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


O 


C3 

-d 

s 


.d 
.d 


® 

o 
.S3 


CD 
® 


o 


2 

03 

o 


o 
.52 


+.3 

® 

.d 


o 

ft 


<» 


gf 

C3 

rd 

o 

CO 

s 


1907. 
1 






0.70 
1.30 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 

1.00 
1.05 
1.10 
1.20 
1.10 

1.00 
.90 

1.00 
.80 
.90 

.80 


53 
157 
113 
113 
113 

95 
104 
113 
134 
113 

95 
80 
95 
66 
80 

66 
66 
60 
60 
53 

53 
53 
53 
53 
73 


1.00 
.90 
.90 
.80 
.90 

.95 

.95 

1.00 

'i."66' 


95 
80 
80 
66 
80 

88 
88 
95 
95 
95 


■ 1907— Con. 
26 


0.90 
.80 
.70 
.60 
.60 
.60 


80 
66 
53 
42 
42 
42 


1.00 
.90 
.90 

i.oo* 

1.00 


95 
80 
80 
88 
95 
95 






2 






27 






3 






28 






4.. 






29 






5 






30 












31 






a 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 






7 








49.3 
0.625 

0.23 
80 
42 
A 




85.4 
1.08 

1.24 
157 
53 
A 






8 






85.2 


9 






Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






10 














1.09 


11 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area) .... 






12 












13 












14 












15 










0.40 












Maximum. . 




95 


16.. . 


Minimum . . 




66 


17. . 










Accuracy . . . 




A 


18 


















19 














20 






.70 

.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 








21 












22. .. 


0.60 


42 
42 
42 
42 








23 








24 


.60 
.60 








25 

















254 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Little Chena River above 
Sorrels Creek for 1907, 1908, and i9i6>— Continued. 



Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 








210 
197 
185 
160 
185 

223 

185 
172 
160 
148 

160 
172 
172 
197 
197 

160 
136 
148 
113 








32 


2 














32 


3 


1 


1.40 








32 


4 


1 








29 


5 












29 


6 




1.55 




1 


29 


7 









0.41 
.50 


29 


8 


1 








35 


9 












35 


10 






1.25 




1 


32 


11 










.40 


28 


12 


1 








30 


13 










i 


30 


14 








j 


.45 


32 


15 






1.45 


1 


35 


16 












38 


17 : 






1.20 








42 


18 












46 


19 






1.10 






.70 


52 


20 


2.20 


405 

374 
374 
346 
318 
290 

263 
236 
210 
236 
250 
250 






58 


21 






0.46 


33 
33 
33 
33 
33 

33 
33 
33 
33 
33 
33 


'""."96' 
.80 

.65 


65 


22 








79 


23 










65 


24 ... 










58 


25 










52 


26 










46 


27 












28 














29 


1.60 












30 












31 








.46 


















Mean discharge 




296 
3.75 

1.67 
405 
210 

B 




173 
2.19 

1.55 
223 
113 

A 




33.0 

0.418 

0.17 
33 
33 

A 




41.1 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.520 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.49 


Maximum 




79 


Mjaimum 




28 


Accuracy 













Note.— Discharges on days of missing gage heights were estimated by comparison with discharges at 
other stations in the Little Chena basin. 





July. 


August. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1... 




27 
27 
27 
27 
27 

27 
26 
25 
25 

25 

24 
24 
25 
24 
23 

22 
22 
22 
23 
22 


1.85 
1.78 

'"iVn 
1.73 

1.71 
1.70 
1.69 
1.68 
1.68 

L67 
1.67 
1.66 
1.65 
1.65 

1.67 
1.70 
2.93 

""'2.' 49' 


47 
37 
34 
32 
31 

28 
27 
26 
25 
25 

24 
24 
23 
22 
22 

24 

27 

350 

272 

194 


1910— Con. 
21 


1.66 
1.75 
2.09 
2.40 
2.07 

1.90 
1.81 

1.78 
1.74 
1.78 
1.90 


23 
33 
89 
166 
85 

55 
41 
37 
32 
37 
55 


2.25 
2.13 
2.04 
2.05 

2.22 
2.15 
2.10 
2.03 
2.00 


126 


2 




22 


98 


3 


1.70 


23 


80 


4 


24 


82 


5 




25 


100 


6 


1.70 
1.69 
1.68 
1.68 
1.68 

1.67 
1.67 
1.68 
1.67 
1.66 

1.65 
1.65 
1.65 
1.66 
1.65 


26 


118 


7 


27 


102 


8 


28 


91 


9 


29 


78 


10 


30 


72 




31 


70 


11 


Mean dis- 
charge 




12 




37.0 
0.468 

0.54 
166 
22 
A 






13 


74.5 


14 


Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 


0.943 


16 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 






17 


1.09 


18 


Maximum 




350 


19 


Minimum 




22 


20 


Accuracy 




A 











Note.— Discharge curve well defined below 250 second-feet. 



che:na eiver deainage basin. 



255 



LITTLE CHENA RIVER BELOW FISH CREEK. 

This station was established May 1^ 1908, discontinued August 27, 
1908, and reestabHshed July 2, 1910. The gage was located on the 
right bank of Little Chena River about 250 feet below the mouth of 
Fish Creek. Measurements were made from a car and cable at high 
water and by wading at low and medium water. 

The difference in elevation between the 1908 and 1910 gages is not 
known, so the records are not directly comparable. The discharge 
rating curves for each year are fairly well defined. 

Gage heights for 1908 were obtained ia cooperation with Messrs. 
Joslui, Wobber, and others. 

Discharge measurements of Little Chena River below Fish Creek in 1908, 1910-11. 



Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 

Apr. 28 

May 2 

3 

4 


Covert and "White 

do 

do 

do 

do 


Feet. 
(a) 

6 3.75 
4.00 
4.00 
4.08 
1.60 
1.50 
1.50 
1.58 
1.80 


Sec.-ft. 

126 

916 

887 

960 

1,030 

83 

74 

75 

88 

110 


1910. 

May 22 

July 4 

Aug. 7 

14 

23 

1911. 
Aug. 6 


Ellsworth and Parker. . 

Parker and Shaw 

do 

T. J. Shaw 


Feet. 

2.96 

.99 

.84 

.74 

1.54 

.71 


Sec.-ft. 

473 

58 

44 

36 


5 


Parker and Shaw 

C.E.Ellsworth 


141 


Julv 20 
21 
30 

Aug. 3 
23 


Covert and Ellsworth. . 

C.E.Ellsworth 

Geo, Neimer, jr 

do 

C. C. Covert 


32 









a Measurement made before gage was installed, river partly filled with ice. 
b Some ice running. 



256 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Little Chena River below Fish 

Creel for 1908 and 1910. 

[Drainage area, 228 square miles. Observers, Sherman White and T. J. Shaw, 1910.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 ^ 


3.65 
3.70 
4.00 
4.00 
4.05 

4.15 
3.90 
3.71 
3.68 
3.70 


714 
746 
960 
960 
998 

1,075 
885 
753 
732 
746 

732 
714 
732 
746 
940 

1,668 
1,510 
1,265 
1,265 
1,320 

1,265 
870 
620 
632 
465 

324 
265 
489 
443 
443 
512 


3.35 
2.95 
2.65 
2.48 
3.48 

3.55 
3.00 
2.80 
2.48 
2.31 

2.40 
2.60 
2.55 
2.68 
2.98 

2.58 
2.50 
2.70 
2.45 
2.40 


537 
367 
274 
231 

608 

651 
384 
318 
230 
192 

212 
260 

248 
282 
378 

256 
235 
288 
224 
212 






1.48 
1.56 
1.58 
1.54 
1.49 

1.44 
1.45 
1.50 
1.50 
1.49 

1.45 
1.40 
1,40 
1.46 
1.49 

1.52 
1.62 
1.60 
1.65 
1.70 

1.82 
1.90 
1.75 
1.72 
1.70 

1.64 
1.65 


68 


2 






78 


3 






80 


4 






74 


5 






68 


6 






62 


7 






64 


8 






70 


9 






70 


10 






68 


11 






64 


12 


3.65 
3.68 
3.70 
3.98 

4.85 
4.68 
4.38 
4.38 
4.44 

4.38 
3.88 
3.50 
3.52 
3.20 

2.82 
2.62 
3.25 
3.15 
3.15 
3.30 






59 


13 






59 


14 






65 


15 






68 


16 






72 


17 






84 


18 






82 


19 






88 


20 


1.60 
1.50 


82 

70 
70 
70 
70 
70 

70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
64 


95 




111 


22 






122 










101 


24 








98 


25 








95 


26 








86 


27 








88 


28 










29 






1.50 
1.50 
1.45 






30 











31 
























832 
3.65 

4.21 
1,668 
265 
C 




319 
1.40 

1.04 
651 
192 

B 




70.5 
0.309 

0.14 
82 
64 

A 





79.2 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.347 


area) ■ 




0.35 






122 


Minimum 




59 






A 











July. 


August. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 




75 
70 
65 
60 

58 

56 
53 
50 
47 
48 

48 
48 
48 
47 
44 

40 
38 
38 
41 
JO 


1.16 
1.06 

.98 
.96 
.92 

.89 

.86 
.84 
.84 
.82 

.80 
.78 
.76 
.74 
.75 

.78 

.91 

1.86 

2.92 

2.18 


80 
67 
58 
56 
51 

48 
45 
44 
44 
42 

40 
39 
38 
36 
37 

39 

50 

194 

460 

256 


1910— Con. 
21 


0.84 
1.03 
1.37 
2.06 
1.58 

1.35 
1.20 
1.08 
.99 
1.03 
1.24 


44 

64 

111 

232 

145 

108 
85 
70 
59 
64 
91 


1.86 
1.68 
1.56 
1.56 
1.74 

1.76 
1.68 
1.58 
1.50 
1.44 


194 


2 


1.08 

1.04 

1.00 

.98 

.'96 
.94 
.91 

.88 
.89 

.89 
.89 
.89 

.88 
.84 

.80 
.76 
.76 
.81 
.80 


22 


162 


3 


23 


142 


4 


24 


142 


5 


25 


172 


6 


26 


176 


7 


27 


162 


8 


28 


145 


9 


29 


132 


10 


30 


122 




31 


110 


11 


Mean discharge 
Second-feet per 
square mile. .♦. . 




12 




67.3 
0.295 

0.34 
232 
38 
A 







13 


109 


14 


0.478 






Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 






16 


0.55 


17 




18 


Maximum. . .. 




460 


19 


Minimum 




36 


20 


Accuracy 




A 











CHENA EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



257 



SORRELS CREEK ABOVE ELLIOTT CREEK. 

This station was established July 23, 1907, about one-half mile 
above the mouth of Elliott Creek. It was discontinued August 26, 
1908, and reestablished July 3, 1910. The conditions at the station 
were favorable for accuracy and the results, particularly the records 
for 1910, should be excellent. 

Gage heights for 1907 and 1908 were obtained in cooperation with 
Messrs. Joslin, Wobber, and others. 

Discharge measurements of Sorrels Creek above Elliott Creek in 1907 , 1908, and 1910. 



Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1907. 
July 3 
Aug. 5 


Covert and White 

do 

C. C. Covert 


Feet. 
1.00 
1.40 
1.02 

1.75 
1.09 
1.03 


Sec.-ft. 
10.3 
28 
12.0 

54 

11.3 

10.5 


1910. 

July 3 
10 
17 
24 
31 

Aug. 8 
18 
20 
24 


Parker and Shaw 

T. J. Shaw 


Feet. 
1.33 
1.32 
1.26 
2.03 
1.46 
1.30 
1.75 
1.92 
1.66 


Sec.-ft. 
4.9 
4.7 


20 


do 

do 


3.6 




Covert and White 

C.C. Covert 


43 


1908. 
May 29 
July 21 


do 

Parker and Shaw 

T. J. Shaw 


9.4 
4.2 
25 


31 


Geo. Neuner, jr 


do 

Parker and Shaw 


38 
17.4 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Sorrels Creek above Elliott 

Creek for 1907, 1908, and 1910. 

[Drainage area, 21 square miles. Observers, Sherman White and T. J. Shaw, 1910.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


Aug 


ust. 


September. 


Day. 




6 

Ml 

1 
o 
m 


1 


6 
o 


2 

be 
1 

(S 
03 

o 


A 
o 

s 


A 


c3 

A 
o 
m 

ft 


A 

'3 
A 

<D 
tuO 

c3 

o 


O 

s 


A 


o 
.S3 
Q 


1907. 
1 






1.1 

1.4 
1.4 
1.5 
1.35 

1.3 


13 

28 
28 
34 
26 

22 
22 
22 
28 
22 

22 
17 
17 
17 
13 

13 
12 
12 
11 
10 


1.2 
1.2 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 

"i.'i' 


17 
17 
13 
13 
13 

. 13 
13 
13 


1907— Con. 
21 






1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

1.1 
1.1 

1.2 
"i.'2" 


10 
10 
10 
10 
12 

13 
13 
17 
17 
17 
17 






2 






22 




10 
10 
10 
10 

13 
13 
10 
10 

8 
7.5 






3 






23 


1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

1.1 
1.1 

1.0 
1.0 






4 






24 

25 

26 






5 










6 










7 






27 






8 






1.3 
1.4 
1.3 

1.3 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.1 

1.1 


28 






9 






29 






10 










30 
















31 


.9 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 




12 












10.2 
0.486 

0.18 
13 
7.5 
B 




17.3 
0.824 

0.95 
34 
10 
B 






13 










14.0 


14 










Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 






















0.667 


16 


R u n- fE 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) ...... 






17 












18 














19 














20 






1.0 






0.20 












Maximum. . 




17 




Minimum. . 




13 




Accuracy 




R 











42913°— wsp 342—15- 



-17 



258 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Sorrels Creek above Elliott 
Creek for 1907, 1908, and iS'^O— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 








66 
50 
36 
34 

28 

30 
30 
29 
28 
27 

29 
31 
39 
37 
40 

42 
45 
50 
45 








11 


2 














11 


3 






1.55 








10 


4 












10 


5 














10 


6 






1.45 








10 


7 










1.00 
1.02 


10 


8 












10 


9 












10 


10 






1.40 








10 


11 










.99 


10 


12 












10 


13 ::: 














10 


14 












1.01 


10 


15 






1.60 






11 


16 












13 


17 






1.65 








15 


18 












15 








1.65 






1.15 


15 


20 


2.30 


131 

113 

98 
84 
72 
60 

50 
36 
45 
55 
66 
66 






16 








1.08 


12 
12 
11 
11 
11 

11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 


'""i."22' 
1.10 


17 


22 








18 












17 


24 










17 












15 












13 


27 












28 
















1.75 












30 




















1.03 






















73.0 
3. 48 

1.55 
131 
36 
C 




37.7 
1.80 

1.27 

66 
27 
B 




11.2 
0.533 

0.22 
12 
11 

B 




12.5 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.595 


area) 




0.58 






18 


Minimum 




10 


Accuracy 




B 









Note. — Discharge curve for 1907 and 1908 fairly well defined for all stages below 70 second-feet. 





July. 


August. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 




5.2 
5.1 
5.0 
4.9 

4.8 

4.7 
4.2 
4.2 
4.7 

4.7 

4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.2 
4.2 

3.7 
3.6 
3.6 
4.0 
3.7 


1.43 
1.40 

1.34 

1.33 
1.31 
1.38 
1.30 
1.30 

1.29 
1.28 
1.26 
1.26 
1.26 

1.28 
1.33 

1.78 

'""i."92' 


7.9 
6.8 
6.2 
5.5 
5.2 

5.0 
4.5 
4.2 
4.2 
4.2 

4.0 
3.9 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 

3.9 
5.0 

27 
32 
36 


1910— Con. 
21 .. 


1.30 
1.40 
1.58 
2.05 
1.70 

1.55 
1.49 
1.43 
1.40 
1.40 
1.46 


4.2 
6.8 

14.1 

46 

21 

12.7 
10.0 
7.9 
6.8 
6.8 
9.1 


1.29 
1.68 
1.60 
1.66 

1.74 
1.69 
1.64 
1.60 
1.55 


27 


2 




22 


19 8 


3 


1.33 


23 


15 


4 


24 


18.6 


5 




25 


21 


6 


1.32 
1.30 
1.30 
1.32 
1.32 

1.31 
1.31 
1.31 

1.30 
1.30 

1.27 
1.26 
1.26 
1.29 
1.27 


26 


24 


7 


27 


20 


8 


28 


17.4 


9 


29 


15.0 


10 


30 


12.7 


11 


31 


12.0 


12 


Mean discharge 
Second-feet per 
square mile 




7.53 
0.359 

0.41 
46 
3.6 
A 






13 


12.2 


14 




15 


0.581 


16 


Run-ofE (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 






17 


0.67 


18 


Maximnm 




36 


19 


Minimum 




3.6 


20 


Accuracy 




A 











Note.— Discharge curve well defined for all stages. 



CHENA EIVER DEAINAGE BASIN. 



259 



ELLIOTT CREEK NEAR MOUTH. 



Ttiis station was established July 23, 1907, about half a mile above 
Sorrels Creek. Daily gage heights were obtained during a part of 
the open seasons of 1907 and 1908. No records were obtained in 
1909. The station was reestablished on July 3, 1910, and daily 
records were kept until August 30, 1910. The discharge rating 
curves for 1907 and 1908 are not very well defined and the estimates 
for those years are liable to considerable error. The discharge curve 
for 1910 is well defined for all stages and the record should be excellent. 
The gage was located at the same section each season but not at 
the same elevation. The measurements are not directly comparable 
and a different rating curve was used each year. Gage heights 
for 1907 and 1908 were obtained in cooperation with. Messrs. Joslin, 
Wobber, and others. 

Discharge measurements of Elliott Creelc near mouth in 1907, 1908, and 1910. 



Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1907. 
July 23 
Aug. 5 


Covert and White 

do 


Feet. 
1.60 
1.85 
1.62 

2.15 
1.35 
1.35 


Sec. -ft. 

5.1 

13.8 

7.1 

32 
4.4 
4.5 


1910. 

July 3 
10 
17 
24 
31 

Aug. 8 
18 
23 
24 


Parker and Shaw 

T. J. Shaw 


Feet. 
1.53 
1.53 
1.49 
1.89 
1.60 
1.48 
2.05 
1.73 
1.82 


Sec.-ft. 
2.9 
3.0 


20 


C. C. Covert 


do 

do 


2.4 




Covert and White 

C. C. Covert 


10.5 


190S. 


do 


4.6 


May 29 

July 21 

31 


Parker and Shaw 

T. J. Shaw 

do 


2.5 
14.9 


Geo. Neuner, jr 


6.8 




Parker and Shaw 


8.7 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Elliott Creek near mouth for 

1907, 1908, and 1910. 



[Drainage area, 13.8 square mil 


es. Observers: Sherman White, 1907-8; 


T. J. Shaw, 1910.] 






July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


% 

o 


M 

o 

CO 

s 




S 
o 

CO 

s 


•4J 


<D 

o 

.a 


o 


© 

o 
.23 


4J 


© 

o 
.53 
ft 


to 
© 

03 

o 


® 

.a 


1907. 
1 






1.7 
2.1 
2.1 


8.3 
26 
26 
19.0 
11.8 

11.8 
11.8 
11.8 
16.0 
11.8 

11.8 

8.3 

11.8 

11.8 

8.3 

8.3 

7.8 
7.4 
7.0 
5.8 


1.8 
1.8 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 

"i.'7' 


11.8 

11.8 

8.3 

8.3 

8.3 

8.3 
8.3 
8.3 


1907— Con. 
21 






1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 

1.7 
1.7 
1.8 

"i.'s' 


5.8 
5.8 
5.8 
5.8 
7.0 

8.3 
8.3 
11.8 
11.8 
11.8 
11.8 






2 






1 22 










3 






23 


1.6 
1.6 
1.6 

1.7 
1.7 
1.6 
1.6 


5.8 
5.8 
5.8 

8.3 
8.3 
5.8 
5.8 
4.8 
3.8 






4 






1 24 






5 






1.8 
1.8 


25 






6 .. 






26 






7 






27 






8 






1.8 
1.9 

1.8 

1.8 
1.7 
1.8 
1.8 
1.7 

1.7 


28 






9 






29 






10 










30 
















31 


1.5 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 






Vl'.'.'.'... '..'.'. 












6.02 
0.436 

0.15 
8.3 
3.8 

c 





10.9 
0.790 

0.91 
26 
5.8 
C 






13 










9.18 


14 










Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 






















0.665 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 






17 












18 














19 






1.65 
1.6 








20 










0.20 












Maximum..! 

Minimum. .' 

Accuracy 


11.8 
8.3 

c 









260 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Elliott Creek near mouth for 

1907, 1908, and i9^0— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


DLs- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 








50 

22 

17.3 

17 

16 

15.3 

17 

19 

21 
32 

30 
28 
26 
24 
24 

15 

13.6 
13 
13.0 








4 4 


2 














4 3 


3 






1.85 








4 2 


4 












4.1 


5 














4 


6 






1.80 








3.9 


7 










1.30 
1.33 


3.8 


8 












4 3 


9 












4.1 


10 






2.15 








3.9 


11 










1.29 


3.7 


12 












4.0 


13 














4.0 


14 












1.34 


4 4 


15 






2.00 






4.5 


16 












4.5 


17 






1.75 








4.5 


18 












4.5 


19 






1.73 






1.35 


4.6 


20 


3.30 


Ill 

80 
50 
40 
30 
20 

11 
15 
22 
32 

48 
48 






4.8 


21 






1.35 


4.6 
4.6 
4.6 
4 6 
4.6 

4.6 
4.6 
4.6 
4.6 
4.6 
4.6 


'"i.Iq 

1.34 


5.0 


22 








5.2 


23 










5.0 


24 










4.8 


25 










4.6 


26 










4.4 














28 














29 


2.15 












30 












31 








1.35 


















Mean discharge 




42.2 
3.06 

1.36 
111 
11 
D 




22.8 
1.65 

1.16 
50 
13 

C 




4.60 
0.333 

0.14 
4.6 
4.6 

B 




4.37 






0.317 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




0.31 


Maximum 




5.2 






3.7 


Accuracy 




B 











July: 


August. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 




3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
2.9 
2.9 

2.8 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 

2.8 

2.6 
3.0 
2.8 
2.6 
2.6 

2.5 
2.4 
2.3 
2.5 
2.4 


1.57 
1.55 

"'i.'52' 
1.51 

1.50 
1.49 
1.48 
1.48 
1.48 

1.47 
1.46 
1.46 
1.46 
1.46 

1.48 
1.56 
2.04 

'""2." 06' 


3.9 
3.6 
3.4 
3.1 
3.0 

2.8 
2.9 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 

2.4 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 

2.6 

3.8 

14.6 

14.8 

15.1 


1910— Con. 
21 


1.53 
1.59 
1.66 
1.89 
1.71 

1.64 
1.59 
1.55 
1.54 
1.55 
1.60 


3.3 

4.2 

5.5 

10.6 

6.5 

5.2 
4.2 
3.6 
3.4 
3.6 
4.4 


1.90 
1.80 
1.73 

1.82 

1.77 
1.74 
1.71 
1.67 
1.64 


10.8 


2 




22 


8.4 


3 


1.53 


23 


6.9 


4 


24 


8.9 


5 




25 


8.4 


6 


1.52 
1.51 
1.51 
1.51 
1.52 

1.51 
1.53 
1.52 
1.51 
1.51 

1.50 
1.49 
1.48 
1.50 
1.49 


26 


7.8 


7 


27 


7.1 


8 


28 


6.5 


9 


29 


5.7 


10 


30 


5.2 




31 


5.0 


11 


Mean dis- 
charge. 




12 




3.50 
0.254 

0.29 
10.6 
2.3 
A 






13 


5.60 


14 


Second-feet per 
square mile. . 






15 


0.405 


16 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 

MflximnTTi , 






17 


OAt^ 


18 


15.1 


19 


MiniTniim 




2.3 


20 


Accuracy 




A 











Note.— Two rating curves were used for 1910; the first applicable from July 3 to 20, the second from 
July 21 to Aug. 30. 



CHEKA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



261 



FISH CREEK BELOW SOLO CREEK. 

This station was established June 14, 1910, about 100 feet below 
the mouth of Solo Creek. The channel was fairly permanent except 
that some silt was deposited during low water which was removed 
by the first high water. The gage was at a different elevation each 
season, due to the rising action of ice and frost, but the changes were 
not accurately determined. 

The station was installed principally to take the place of the one on 
Fish Creek above Fairbanks Creek, which was abandoned in 1908. 
The drainage area of Fish Creek above this station is 55 per cent 
of the drainage area of Fish Creek above Fairbanks Creek. 

Discharge measurements of Fish Creeh below Solo Creek in 1910-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 


Dis- 


Date. 


Gage 


Dis- 


Date. 


Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


height. 


charge. 


height. 


charge. 


1910. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


1911. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


1912. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


June 14 


2.06 


22 


June 20 


1.90 


18.8 


June 12 


2.34 


27 


July 7 


1.31 


6.2 


July 2 


2.28 


28 


July 30 


1.64 


12.5 


Aug. 9 


1.38 


5.2 


Aug. 6 


1.16 


4.8 


Aug. 6 


1.54 


9.7 


22 


1.95 


14.4 















262 SUBFACE WATER StJPPLY OF YUKOlT-TANAlsrA REGlOl^, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fish Creek below Solo Creek 

for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 21.5 square miles. Observer, William Hugel.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






1.40 


7.1 
7.0 
7.0 
6.9 
6.8 

6.7 
6.3 
6.7 
6.1 
6.1 

6.1 
6.7 
6.3 
6.1 

5.7 

5.4 
5.7 
5.7 
6.4 
5.9 

10.0 
11.0 
12.0 

18.7 
20 

13.9 
13.9 
9.8 
8.9 
9.1 
8.5 


1.50 
1.45 
1.45 
1.40 
1.35 

1.35 
1.35 
1.40 
1.38 
1.35 

1.35 
1.30 
1.35 
1.30 
1.35 

1.40 
1.90 
2.80 
2.80 
2.45 

2.40 
2.00 
1.90 
2.10 
2.30 

2.30 
2.00 
1.85 
1.85 
1.80 
1.70 


7.0 
6.4 
5.9 
5.5 
5.1 

5.1 
5.1 
5.5 
5.2 
5.0 

5.0 
4.8 
5.0 
4.8 
5.0 

5.3 
13.3 

38 
38 
28 

26 

15.7 

13.3 

18.2 

23 

23 
15.7 
12.2 
12.2 
11.2 
9.2 


1.90 
2.00 
1.90 
2.45 
2.70 

2.25 
1.90 
1.85 
1.85 
1.70 

""i'oo' 

3.10 
3.20 
3.20 
2.70 
2.30 

2.20 
2.10 
1.95 
1.95 
1.95 

1.90 
1.80 
1.80 
1.75 
1.70 


13.3 

15.7 

13.3 

28 

35 

22 
13.3 
12.2 
12.2 
9.2 

9.1 
9.0 
9.0 

26 
44 

47 
50 
50 
35 
23 

21 

18.2 

14.5 

14.5 

14.5 

13.3 
11.2 
11.2 
10.2 
9.2 


1.70 
1.70 


9.2 


2 






9.2 


3 










4 












5 












6 












7 






1.35 
1.38 
1.33 
1.33 

1.33 
1.38 
1.36 
1.36 
1.31 

1.26 
1.31 
1.31 
1.39 
1.34 

1.64 
1.69 
1.74 
2.02 
2.07 

1.82 
1.82 
1.67 
1.62 
1.63 
1.60 






8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 


2.05 
1.90 

1.90 
1.90 
1.85 
1.55 
1.50 

1.60 
1.55 
1.55 
1.40 
1.40 

1.40 
1.50 
1.80 
1.60 
1.60 


22 
17.5 

17.5 

17.5 

16.2 

9.5 

8.6 

10.4 
9.5 
9.5 
7.1 

7.1 

7.1 

8.6 
15.0 
10.4 
10.4 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 












22 







23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean disctiarge. 




12.0 
0.558 

0.35 
22 
7.1 
C 




8.47 
0.394 

0.45 
20 
5.4 
C 




12.3 
0.572 

0.66 
38 
4.8 
C 




20.5 
0.953 

1.06 
50 
9.0 
C 






Second -feet per 
square mile 






Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
basin) 








Maximum 








Minimum 








Accuracy . 

















Note. — Two discharge rating curves were used for 1910, both very poorly defined. 
July 7 to Aug, 8 applied indirectly because of shifting channel. 



Discharges from 



CHEKA RIVER DRAIK'AGE BASIN. 



263 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fish Creek below Solo Creek, 

for 1910-1912— QoniurnQdi. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1011. 
1 






2.3 

2.35 

2.2 

2.6 

2.7 

2.24 

2.1 

2.1 

1.6 

1.5 

2.0 

2.2 

1.7 

1.C5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4 

1.35 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.25 

1.25 

1.2 

1.2 

""i.'s"" 

'"L2"" 
1.2 


29 
30 
26 
36 
39 

27 

24 

24 

12.3 

10.3 

21 

2G 

14.4 

13.4 

10.3 

10.3 
8.5 
8.5 
7.6 
6.8 

6.8 
6.8 
6.0 
6.0 
5.3 

5.3 
6.0 
6.8 
6.0 
5.3 
5.3 


1.2 

1.18 

1.2 

1.12 

1.12 

1.08 
1.08 
1.4 
1.32 

2.25 

1.8 
1.8 

""bA" 

3.15 
2.9 
2.75 
2.5 

2.05 

1.92 

1.9 

1.75 

1.75 

1.7 

""i.i" 

1.68 
1.68 
1.68 


5.3 
5.1 
5.3 
4.3 
4.3 

3.9 
3.9 
8.5 
7.1 
18.0 

27 
16.6 
16.6 
60 
a 120 

50 
44 
40 
34 

28 

22 

19.3 

18.8 

15.5 

15.5 

14.4 
14.4 
14.4 
14.0 
14.0 
14.0 


""2.' 85" 
2.15 
2.05 
1.9 

1.88 
1.78 
1.78 
1.75 

1.78 
1.78 


28 


2 






42 


3 






25 


4 






22 


5 






18.8 


6 






18.4 


7 






16.2 


8 






16.2 


9 






15.5 


10 






16.0 


11 






16.2 


12 






16.2 


13 






15.0 


14 






14.4 


15 








10 










17 










18 










19 










20 


1.9 

1.9 

1.8 

1.6 

1.55 

1.5 

1.45 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

2.0 


18.8 

18.8 
16.6 
12.3 
11.3 
10.3 

9.4 
6.8 
6.8 
6.8 
21 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















12.6 

0.586 

0.24 
21 
6.8 
B 




14.5 
0.674 

0.78 
39 
5.3 
B 




21.9 
1.02 

1.18 
120 
3.9 

C 




20.0 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.930 


Run-ofi (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.24 






42 


Minimum 




14.4 


Accuracy 




B 









a Approximate. 
Note. — Discharge rating curve fairly well defined below 40 second-feet. 



264 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOl^-TAITAISrA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fish CreeJc below Solo Creeh 

for 1910-1912--Coiitinued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug 


Day. 


4-3 
.i-H 
® 

O 


o 
m 

s 


•a 

-3 
® 


o 

s 




6 
o 


,d 

03 
O 


m 


O 


o3 

o 

ft 


4-3 

A 
bD 
'S 
A 

<D 

bD 
03 

o 


® 
.d 

o 
.23 


1912. 
1 














1912-Con. 
21 






1.80 


15.1 






2 














22 


3.10 


46 






3 














23 










4 














1 24 


3.95 


72 


2.00 


19.3 






5 










1.59 
1.54 


11.0 
10.1 


25 






6 






1.80 


15.1 


26 


3.45 


56 










7 






27 










8 














28 






1.80 


15.1 






9 






1.56 


10.5 






29 


2.66 


19.3 






10 










30 


1.64 


12.0 




















31 










11 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 














12 


2.35 


27 


2.60 


33 








43.4 




18.5 






13 








14 


2.00 


19.3 


2.10 


22 














15 








16 










1.50 


9.4 




17 






2.20 


24 




18 


3.70 


64 








19 












20 

































Note. — ^Discharge rating curves fairly well defined below 40 second-feet. 

FISH CREEK ABOVE FAIRBANKS CREEK. 

This station was established July 22, 1907, about one-fourth of a 
mile above the mouth of Fairbanks Creek. The channel was liable 
to shift, and different discharge curves were used for 1907 and 1908. 
Gage heights were obtained in cooperation with Messrs. Joslin, 
Wobber, and others. 

Discharge measurements of Fish CreeTc above Fairbanks Creeh in 1907-1909. 

[Elevation, 925 feet.] 



Date. 



1907. 

July 21 

25 

Aug. 3 

4 

19 

1908. 
May 31 
July 18 



Hydrographer. 



CO. Covert. 

do 

do 



Covert and White. 
C.C. Covert 



.do. 



Ellsworth and Neuner. 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


1.00 


24 


1.00 


24 


1.55 


48 


1.35 


38 


1.00 


21 


2.40 


107 


.85 


16.0 



Date. 



1908— Con. 

July 19 
22 
29 

Aug. 5 

1909. 
June 4 
28 



Hydrographer. 



C.E.Ellsworth 

do 

Geo. Neuner, jr 

do 



C.E.Ellsworth. 
do 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 

0.85 

.75 

.75 

.75 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
16.8 
12.8 
15.4 
15.0 



22 
48 



CHENA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



265 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fish Creek above Fairbanks 

Creek for 1907-8. 

[Drainage area, 39 square miles. Observer, Sherman White.] 





July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


to 
'® 

<D 


® 

03 

.23 


•a 
1 

o 


o 

ft 


O 


1 
.S3 
ft 


be 

1 
1 

o 


1 
.52 




o 

.sa 
o 


4J 
fl 

to 
'® 

fl 

® 


.23 

Q 


1907. 
1 






3.2 

2.4 
1.4 
1.3 


185 

107 

39 

35 

37 

39 
47 
35 
50 
50 

39 
31 

27 
27 
27 

24 
24 
24 
, 24 
24 


1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

1.1 

"i.'i' 
1.1 

1.3 


24 
24 
24 
24 
27 

27 
27 
27 
27 
35 


1907— Con. 
21 


1.0 
1.0 


24 
24 
24 
24 

24 

27 
24 
21 
21 
18 
18 


1.0 
1.0 

"i."6"' 
1.1 

1.1 

1.0 
1.0 

'i.'2'" 
1.1 


24 
24 
24 
24 
27 

27 
24 
24 
27 
31 
27 






2 






22 






3 






23 






4 






24 








5 






25 


1.0 

1.1 

1.0 
.9 
.9 

.8 
.8 






6 






1.4 

1.55 

1.3 

1.6 

1.6 


26 






7 . 






27 






8 






28 






9 






29 






10 






30 












31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge. . 






12 






1.2 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 

1.0 
1.0 








22.6 
0.579 

0.24 
27 
18 
A 




36.9 
0.946 

1.09 
185 
24 
C 






13 










26.6 


14 






2.6 


a 125 


Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 


















0.682 


16 


R u n - fl 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 






17 












18 












19 






1.0 








20 










0.25 














Maximum. . 




125 




Minimum . . 




24 




Accuracy. . . 




C 











266 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TAKAKA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fish Creek above Fairbanks 

Creek for i907-:?905— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 






2.35' 


102 
86 
79 
71 
71 

137 
98 
68 
38 
43 

55 
61 
55 
52 
43 

43 
41 

41 
38 
38 








13.5 


2 












13.5 


3 














13.5 


4 














13.5 


5 






1.95 

2.70 






0.75 


13.5 


6 










13.5 


7 












13.5 


8 














13.5 


9 






1.40 








13.5 


10 










.75 


13.5 


11 












13.5 


12 






1.80 








12.0 


13 










.70 


12.0 


14 












13.5 


15 






1.50 
1.50 








15.0 


16 












15.0 


17 










.82 
.89 

'"".'82' 


15.6 


18 








0.85 

.85 


16.5 
16.5 
15.0 

12.0 
13.5 
13.5 
13.5 
13.5 

13.5 
13.5 
13.5 
13.5 
13.5 
13.5 


16.2 


19 








16.5 


20 






1.40 


16.8 


21 






17.7 


22 


3.60 


227 
197 
167 
127 

90 

94 

98 

102 

107 

107 






.75 


17.4 


23 






17.1 


24 










16.8 


25 










16.5 


26 


^ 








16.1 


27 










15.6 


28 












29 








.75 






30 













31 


2.40 




























132 
3.38 

1.26 
227 
90 
D 




63.0 
1.62 

1.20 
137 

38 
C 




13.9 
0.356 

0.19 
16.5 
12.0 
C 




14.8 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.380 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.38 






17.7 


Minimum 




12.0 


Accuracy 




C 









a Not included in mean. 
Note.— Discharge rating curve fairly well defined below 150 second-feet. 

FISH CREEK AT MOUTH. 

A gaging station was established at the mouth of Fish Creek on 
May 1, 1908. The gage was a vertical staff driven into the right 
bank of the creek opposite Sodabloom's cabin. 

High-water discharge measurements in 1908 were made from a car 
and cable. All others were made by wading. This station was 
maintained during 1908 in cooperation with Messrs. Joslin, Wobber, 
and others to obtain data regarding a proposed power development 
in the Little Chena basin . 

No records were obtained in 1909. Daily records were kept during 
July and August, 1910, by the Survey. The relation between gage 
height and discharge was not the same for both years. Independent 
rating curves were used each year. The conditions at this station 
were favorable for accuracy and the records should be good. 



CHENA RIVEH DRAINAGE BASlK. 26 Y 

Discharge measurements of Fish Creek at mouth in 1908, 1910, and 1911. 



Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
May 5 
6 


C. C. Covert 


Feet. 

4.22 

3.98 

4.20 

3.90 

4.02 

3.64 

3.70 

2.30 

2.75 

.90 

.88 

.82 

1.00 

1.10 


Sec.-ft. 

618 

530 

646 

558 

571 

385 

525 

148 

208 

26 

26 

25 

29 

32 


1910. 

May 21 

22 

July 4 

6 

11 

19 

25 

Aug. 2 

9 

19 

24 

1911, 
Aug. 6 


Ellsworth and Parker. . 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
195 


do 


do 




106 


6 

7 


Covert and White 

C. C. Covert 


Parker and Shaw 

G. L. Parker 


0.52 
.50 
.50 
.47 
.70 
.47 
.40 

1.45 
.82 


18.3 
18 5 


7 


do 

. ..do 


T. J. Shaw 


17 7 


8 


do 


16 9 


9 
28 
30 


Covert and White 

do 

C. C. Covert 


do 

do 

G. L. Parker. . . 


33 
16.4 
13 3 


July 20 


Covert and Ellsworth. . 

C. E. Ellsworth 

Geo. Neuner, jr 

do 

C. C. Covert 


T. J. Shaw 


127 


21 

30 

Aug. 2 

23 


Parker and Shaw 

C. E. Ellsworth 


40 
15 3 













Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Fish Creek at mouth for 1908 

and 1910. 

[Drainage area, 90.2 square miles. Observers: Sherman White, 1908; T. J. Shaw, 1910.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 


3.98 
4.00 
4.25 
4.35 
4.28 

4.05 
3.95 
3.65 
3.65 
3.65 


564 
570 
650 
682 
660 

586 
554 
464 
464 
464 

445 
422 
409 
422 
417 

396 
383 
538 
500 
493 

429 
334 
246 
196 
186 

142 
105 
142 
166 
250 
250 


2.60 
2.28 
1.98 
1.80 
2.25 

3.12 
2.42 
2.22 
1.90 
1.65 

1.75 
2.28 
2.15 
2.18 
2.58 

2.10 
2.10 
2.62 
2.05 
1.90 


206 
147 
105 
83 
142 

327 

170 

138 

95 

69 

78 
146 
128 
132 
202 

121 
121 
210 
114 
95 






0.82 
.99 
.98 
.92 
.87 

.82 
.85 
.89 
.90 

.88 

.84 
.80 
.80 
.87 
.88 

.90 
.99 
.95 
.94 
.94 

1.08 

1.10 

1.00 

.98 

.96 

.95 
1.00 


23 


2 







28 


3 




■ 


28 


4 






25 


5 






24 


6 






22 


7 






24 


8 






25 


9 






25 


10 






25 


11 






24 


12 


3.50 
3.45 
3.50 
3.48 

4.40 
4.35 
3.90 
3.78 
3.75 

3.52 
3.15 
2.78 
2.55 
2.50 

2.25 
1.98 
2.25 
2.40 
2.80 
2.80 






22 


13 






22 


14 






24 


15 






25 


16 






25 


17 






28 


18 






27 


19 






27 


20 






27 


21 






31 


22 










31 


23 










28 


24 











28 


25 










27 


26 










27 


27 










28 


28 












29 






'6.85' 

.82 
.79 


24 
23 

22 






30 










31 




















Mean discharge 




404 
4.48 

5.16 
682 
105 

B 




141 
1.56 

1.16 
327 
69 
B 








25.9 


Second-feet per square mlie 










0.287 


Run-ofi (depth in inches on dranage 
area) 










0.28 


Maximum 










31 


Minimum 










22 


Accuracy 










A 















268 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Fish Creeh at mouth for 

1908 and i 9^0— Continued. 





July. 


August. 


Day. 


Jvdj. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 




24 

22 

19.8 

19.2 

19.2 

18.0 
17.5 
18.0 
16.6 
17.1 

17.5 
18.0 
17.1 
17.1 
16.1 

15.6 
14.2 
13.8 
15.6 
16.1 


0.50 
.47 
.46 
.46 
.44 

.42 
.38 
.40 
.40 
.40 

.39 
.38 
.37 
.37 
.38- 

.41 

.50 

.98 

1.40 

1.05 


18.0 
16.6 
16.1 
16.1 
15.2 

14.2 
12.7 
13.3 
13.3 
13.3 

13.0 
12.7 
12.4 
12.4 
12.7 

13.8 
18.0 
59 
119 
68 


1910— Con. 
21 


0.47 
.62 
.62 

.82 
.74 

.62 
.58 

.52 
.48 
.48 
.54 


16.6 
25 

25 
42 
35 

25 

23 

19.2 

17.1 

17.1 

20 


0.94 

.82 
.74 
.78 
.88 

.84 
.78 
.76 
.71 
.67 


54 


2 


0.56 
.53 
.52 
.52 

.50 
.49 
.50 
.47 

.48 

.49 
.50 

.48 
.48 
.46 

.45 
.42 
.41 
.45 
.46 


22 


42 


3 


23 


35 


4 


24 


38 


5 


25 


48 


6 


26.... 


44 


7 


27 


38 


8 


28 


36 


9 


29 


32 


10 


30 


29 




31 


25 


11 


Mean dis-. 
charge. . . 




12 




19.9 
0.221 

0.25 
42 
13.8 
A 


'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 




13 


29.4 


14 .' 


Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 


0.326 


16 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 

Maximum 






17 


0.38 


18 




119 


19 


Minimum 




12.4 


20 


Accuracy 




A 











Note. — Discharge curve well defined for all stages. 

MILLER CREEK AT MOUTH. 

A gage was installed on Miller Creek at its mouth May 13, 1908. It 
was maintained in cooperation with Messrs. Joslin, Wobber, and others 
during 1908, and by the United States Geological Survey independ- 
ently in July and August, 1910. No daily records were obtained in 
1909. Discharges were estimated from independent rating curves 
each year. The channel shifted so badly during 1910 that three 
rating curves were used for that season, but sufficient measurements 
were obtained to give fairly accurate estimates of daily discharges. 
The gage datum was not the same in 1910 as in 1908, and the channel 
conditions were so changed that an entirely different relation between 
gage heights and discharges existed for each season. 

Discharge measurements of Miller Creeh at mouth in 1907-8 and 1910-11. 



Date. 



1907. 
July 6 
24 
Aug. 20 

1908. 

May 28 
28 
30 

July 20 
21 
30 

Aug. 3 



Hydrographer. 



C. C. Covert. 

do 

do 



C.C.Covert 

do 

do 

Covert and Ellsworth . 

C.E.Ellsworth 

Geo. Neuner, jr 

do 



height. 



Feet. 



1.20 
1.20 
1.32 
.60 
.60 
.58 
.62 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
7.0 
7.6 
8.0 



28 

26 

29 
4.2 
4.9 
4.9 
5.8 



Date. 



1910. 

May 21 

22 

July 4 

6 

11 

19 

25 

Aug. 2 

7 

19 
21 
25 

1911. 
Aug. 6 



Hydrographer, 



C. E.Ellsworth.. 
do 

Parker and Shaw . 

G. L. Parker 

T.J. Shaw 

do 

do 

do 

Parker and Shaw . 

T.J.Shaw 

do 

Parker and Shaw . 



C. E. Ellsworth. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



2.39 
2.37 
2.40 
2.34 
2.38 
2.33 
2.31 
2.70 
2.46 
2.42 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

41 

34 
2.9 
2.8 
4.0 
2.8 
4.1 
2.8 
2.2 

15.8 
8.0 
6.1 



1.5 



CHENA KIVEK DKAINAGE BASIN. 



269 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Miller Creek at mouth for 1908 

and 1910. 



[Drainage area, 16.7 square miles. Observers: Sherman White, 1908; T. J. Shaw, 1910.] 





1908 


1910 


Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. . 


August. 


July. 


August. 




Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






1.40 

1.10 

.98 

.90 

1.14 

1.60 
1.10 
1.02 

.88 
.85 

.90 
1.18 
1.28 
1.32 
1.24 

1.02 
.95 

1.10 
.89 

.88 


39 

19.6 

14.8 

12.0 

22 

55 

19.6 

16.1 

11.4 

10.6 

12.0 

24 

30 

33 

26 

16.1 
13.8 
19.6 
11.7 
11.4 






0.58 
.62 
.62 
.60 
.58 

.58 
.58 
.60 
.60 
.58 

.56 
.54 
.54 
.60 
.60 

.62 
.60 
.60 
.60 
.61 

.67 
.67 
.65 
.62 
.61 

.60 

.61 


4.6 
5.3 
5.3 
4.9 
4.6 

4.6 
4.6 
4.9 
4.9 
4.6 

4.3 
4.0 
4.0 
4.9 
4.9 

5.3 
4.9 
4.9 
4.9 
5.1 

6.4 
6.4 
5.9 
5.3 
5.1 

4.9 
5.1 


" 'llo' 

2.39 
2.38 
2.37 

2.36 
2.36 
2.35 
2.35 
2.36 

2.38 
2.41 
2.39 
2.36 
2.36 

2.34 
2.33 
2.33 
2.34 
2.34 

2.37 
2.39 
2.40 
2.43 
2.39 

2.36 
2.34 
2.33 
2.32 
2.36 
2.36 


3.5 
3.3 
3.1 
2.9 

2.7 

2.5 
2.5 
2.3 
3.3 
3.4 

3.9 
4.6 
4.1 
3.4 
3.4 

3.0 

2.8 
2.8 
3.0 
3.0 

3.6 
4.1 
4.3 
5.2 
4.1 

n 

2.8 
2.5 
3.4 
3.4 


2.35 
2.34 
2.32 
2.32 
2.32 

2.31 
2.31 
2.31 
2.31 
2.30 

2.30 
2.30 
2.29 
2.29 
2.30 

2.31 
2.36 
2.53 
2.65 
2.52 

2.48 
2.43 
2.42 
2.42 
2.42 

2.42 
2.40 
2.40 
2.38 
2.36 


3.3 


2 










3.0 


3 










2.5 


4 










2.5 


5 










2.5 


6 










2.3 


7 










2.3 


8 










2.3 


9 










2.3 


10 










2.1 


11 










2.1 


12 










2.1 


13 


2.05 
2.08 
2.18 

2.45 
2.42 
2.20 
2.18 
2.15 

1.90 
1.00 
1.22 
1.22 
1.15 

.95 
.98 
1.18 
1.25 
1.35 
1.35 


9i 

94 

101 

122 
120 
103 
101 
99 

79 
55 
26 
26 
22 

13.8 

14.8 

24 

30 

35 

35 






2.0 


14 






2.0 


15.. 






2.1 


16 






2.3 


17 






3.4 


18 






10.4 


19 






13.5 


20 


0.60 
.60 


4.9 

4.9 
4.9 
4.9 
4.9 
4.9 

4.9 
4.9 
4.9 
4.9 
4.6 
4.3 


10.0 


21 


8.4 








6.7 


23 








6.4 










6.4 


25 








6.4 


26 








6.4 


27 








5.7 


28 








5.7 


29 






.60 

.58 
.56 






5.2 


30 










4.6 


31 










4.4 














Mean dis- 
charge.. 




62.7 
3.75 

2.65 
122 

13.8 
C 




20.9 

1.25 

0.93 
55 
10.6 
B 




4.82 

0.289 

0.13 
4.9 
4.3 
B 




4.99 

0.299 

0.30 
6.4 
4.0 
B 




3.33 

0.199 

0.23 
5.2 
2.3 
B 




4.56 


Second-feet 
per square 




0.273 


Run-off (depth 
drainage area) 




0.31 
13.5 


Minimum 




2.0 


Accuracy 




B 









270 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made 
in the Little Chena River drainage basin: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Little Chena River drainage hasin from 1907 to 1911. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to- 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 
mile. 


July 10,1910 


Sorrels Creek 

do 


Little Chena River.. 
do 


Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 

8.7 

14.9 

.89 

.76 

2.5 

8.4 

7.0 
5.4 
3.2 
2.6 
6.6 
2.8 
1.3 

.72 
1.4 
2.2 
3.8 
2.7 
7.4 
4.9 
2.5 
2.2 
1.7 
8.0 
8.0 
3.1 
2.4 

.44 


Sq. m. 

41.5 

41.5 

5.1 

5.1 

5.1 

12.0 

12.0 

12.0 
13.8 
13.8 
13.8 
13.8 


Sec.-ft. 
0.21 


July 31,1910 


do 


.36 


July 7, 1910 
Aug. 9,1910 
Aug. 22,1910 


Solo Creek 

do 


Fish Creek 


do 


.18 


do 


do 


.15 


do 


do 


do 


.49 


July 20,1907 

Aug. 22,1907 
July 19,1908 
July 7,1910 


Bear Creek 


do 


Below Tecumseh 

Creek. 
do 


.70 


do 


do 


.58 


do 


do 


do 


.45 


do 


do 


Mouth 


.23 


Aug. 9,1910 
Aug. 23,1910 


do 


do 


do 


.19 


do 


do 


do 


.48 


Aug. 6,1911 


do 


do 


do 


.20 


July 20,1907 

July 5, 1907 

July 24,1907 

Do 


Fairbanks Creek... 
do 


do 

do 


Elevation 1,400 feet.. 
Elevation 1,375 feet.. 
Elevation 1,300 feet. . 
Elevation 1,250 feet. . 
Mouth 








do 

do 


do 

do 










July 7,1910 
Aug. 9,1910 


do 


do 


18.9 

18.9 

18.9 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

4.0 


.20 


do 


do 


do 


.14 


Aug. 23,1910 


do 


do 


do 


.39 


Aug. 7, 1907 
July 21,1908 


Miller Creek 


do 


Above Heim Creek... 
do 


.82 


do 


do 


.42 


Aug. 1,1908 


do 


do 


do 


.37 


July 6,1910 


do 


do 


do 


.28 


Aug. 6,1907 


do 


do 


Below Heim Creek. . . 
do 


.80 


Aug. 7, 1907 


do 


do 


.80 


July 21,1908 


do 


do 


do 


.31 


Aug. 1,1908 


do 


do 


do 


.24 


Jidy 6,1910 


Heim Creek 


Miller Creek 


Mouth 


.11 









TOLOVANA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Tolovana River enters Tanana River from the north about midway 
between Fairbanks and Fort Gibbon. The main stem of the river 
rises in the divide between Hess and Beaver creeks and flows in a 
general southwesterly direction with a length of about 125 miles by 
map measure. The first 30 miles of its course is through a narrow 
valley with bounding ridges about 2,000 feet high. The valley 
broadens sharply to about 4 miles, and there West Fork joins the 
main stream. About 40 miles below West Fork the Tolovana leaves 
the hills and enters a large northern indentation of the Tanana Val- 
ley. A Httle beyond the foothills it receives the waters of TataHna 
and Chatanika rivers from the east. Between West Fork and the 
Tanana the stream has a very low gradient and follows a tortuous 
course between deep-cut alluvial banks. The lowlands are covered 
with many sloughs and small lakes, rendering travel almost impos- 
sible during the summer months except by boat. 

No records of stream flow were obtained on the main stream. The 
West Fork, Washington Creek, and Chatanika River basins will be 
discussed separately. 



TOLOVANA EIVER DEAINAGE BASIN. 



271 



WEST FORK OF TOLOVANA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION. 

West Fork of Tolovana River is formed by three main arteries — 
Goose, Starvation, and Moose creeks — which flow northeastward in 
generally parallel courses for the greater part of their length. They 
are separated by benchhke divides which rise 600 to 800 feet above 
the valley bottoms. 

Goose Creek is the largest of the three and drains the highest ground. 
Sawtooth Mountain, rising high above it on the north, contributes 
the greater part of the run-off. The valley has an average width of 
perhaps one-fourth mile and is rather difficult to travel, having an 
extra thiclaiess of the prevalent moss and containing many '^nigger- 
heads" in a bed of muck and water. The bottom land is dotted 
with clumps of spruce and birch, but the timber generally is small. 
The creek crosses from side to side of the valley, and its gravelly bed 
contains large bowlders. The right slope is steep and makes a sharp 
angle with the bottom land and is unbroken by any noticeable water- 
courses below Buckeye Creek. The left bank is marked by numerous 
feeders, with deep-cut valleys extending back for several miles. 

Buckeye Creek is tributary to Goose Creek from the left about 10 
miles from the mouth. It has shown sufficient gold to warrant 
careful prospecting. The creek, however, probably never furnishes 
sufficient water for anythiag more than the washing of spring dumps. 

Starvation and Moose creeks were visited only at the mouth, but 
as seen from a distance the lower valleys appeared to have the same 
general characteristics as those of Goose Creek. 

No daily records of stream flow were obtained in this basin. 

MISCELLANEOTTS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made 
in the West Fork of Tolovana River drainage basin in 1908: 

Miscellaneous measurements in West Fork of Tolovana River drainage Jfasin in 1908. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to— 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 
mile. 


1908. 
Aug. 13 

13 


West Fork of Tolo- 
vana River. 
Starvation Creek 

Moose Creek 


Tolovana River 

West Fork of Tolo- 
vana River. 
do 


Below Moose Creek 

Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 
4.0 

2.2 

1.9 

3.2 

1.6 

.2 


Sq. mi. 
43.8 

23.8 

19.8 
41.0 
20.8 
10.6 


Sec.-ft. 
0.091 

.092 


13 


do 


.096 


13 


Goose Creek 


do 


4 miles above mouth . . 
Below Buckeye Creek. 
Mouth 


.078 


14 


do 


do 


.077 


14 


Buckeye Creek 


Goose Creek 


.019 











272 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGIOI^, ALASKA. 



WASHINGTON CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Washington Creek rises in the southern slope of the dividing ridge 
south of Beaver Creek drainage basin and flows southwestward into 
Tatalina River about 15 miles above the confluence of that stream 
with the Tolovana. It parallels the Chatanika, from which it is sep- 
arated at a distance of about 6 miles by a high dividing ridge. The 
creek is about 35 miles long and drains an area of 198 square miles. 
It is shown on the reconnaissance map of the Fairbanks quadrangle. 
The valley is long and narrow, is well timbered, and is bordered on 
each side by high ridges, which are in places from 1,200 to 1,800 feet 
above the stream bed. 

Aggie Creek, which enters Washington Creek about 12 miles above 
its mouth, is its only important tributary. This stream is about 12 
miles long and drains an area of 35.8 square miles. 

A fall of about 200 feet in 8 miles on Washington Creek below 
Aggie Creek affords opportunity for some small power developments. 
In 1908 the break-up on Washington Creek occurred about May 5, 
but there was considerable ice in the stream until after May 9, and 
the water could not have been used in a diverting ditch until about 
May 20. 

The records of this basin were obtained, in cooperation with Martin 
Harrais, to determine the possibility of using the stream for the 
development of power. 

WASHINGTON CREEK ABOVE AGGIE CREEK. 

This station was established May 23, 1908, about 500 feet above 
the mouth of Aggie Creek. The gage, known as gage No. 2, was 
fastened to a wooden trestle under the footbridge constructed for 
high-water measurements. Conditions at the station were favorable 
for accuracy. 

Discharge measurements of Washington Creeh above Aggie Creeh in 1908. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


May 23 


Feet. 
3.65 
3.60 
2.08 


Sec.-ft. 
311 
304 
18.2 


July 28 


Feet. 
2.10 
2.10 


Sec.-ft. 
19.3 


24 


Aug. 19 


17.3 


Jvily 27 











TOLOVANA EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 



273 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Washington Creek above Aggie 

Creek for 1908. 

[Drainage area, 117 square miles. Observer, E. J. Berger. ] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






3.45 
3.22 
3.00 
2.95 
2.82 

3.38 
3.38 
3.08 
2.90 
2.68 

2.55 
2.48 
2.62 
2.62 
4.50 

3.75 
3.32 
3.00 
3.20 
3.22 

3.10 

3.78 
3.12 
2.82 
2.60 

2.40 
2.42 


266 
203 
146 

135 

109 

245 
245 
103 
124 

82 

63 
54 
74 
74 
557 

342 
231 
146 
196 
203 

170 
359 
176 
109 
70 

45 

48 
48 
48 
48 


""'2.'46' 
2.40 

2.35 
2.40 
2.50 
2.55 
2.45 

2.38 
2.32 
2.20 
2.20 
2.25 

2.20 
2.20 
2.22 
2.22 
2.20 

2.20 
2.18 
2.10 
2.15 
2.15 

2.15 
2.15 
2.20 
2.22 
2.15 
2.15 


45 
45 
45 
45 
45 

40 
45 
57 
63 
51 

43 
37 
26 
26 
30 

26 
26 
28 
28 
26 

26 
24 
18 
22 
22 

22 
22 
26 

28 
22 
22 


2.15 
2.18 
2.25 
2.20 
2.20 

2.18 
2.15 
2.15 
2.15 
2.15 

2.15 
2.15 
2.15 
2.15 
2.15 

2.15 
2.15 
2.20 
2.15 
2.22 

2.20 
2.22 
2.22 
2.20 
2.15 

2.20 
2.20 
2.20 
2.25 
2.25 
2.20 


22 
24 
30 
26 
26 

24 
22 
22 
22 

22 

22 
22 
22 
22 
22 

22 
22 
26 
22 

28 

26 
28 
28 
26 
22 

26 
26 
26 
30 
30 
26 


2.25 
2.32 

2.58 
2.80 


30 


2 






38 


3 






67 


4 






104 


5 








6 










7 










8 










9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22 










23 


3.65 
3.65 
3.45 

3.20 
3.15 
3.35 
3.50 
4.00 
3.75 


316 
316 
266 

196 
183 
236 
278 
408 
342 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean dis- 
charge 




282 
2.41 

0.81 
408 
183 

C 




159 
1.36 

1.52 
557 
45 
B 




33.2 
0.284 

0.33 
63 
18 
B 




24.6 
0.210 

0.24 
30 
22 
B 




59.8 


S e c n d-feet per 




0.512 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.08 


Maximum 




104 


Afinimnm 




30 


Accuracy 




B 









Note. — Discharge curve fairly well defined below 400 second-feet. 

WASHINGTON CREEK BELOW AGGIE CREEK. 

This station was established May 5, 1908, by E. J. Berger. Gage 
No. 1, first installed, was replaced on May 24 by gage No. 4, which 
is located about 500 feet below the mouth of Aggie Creek, on the left 
bank, and is referred to a spike driven in a notch cut at the base of the 
stream side of a cot ton wood tree about 10 inches in diameter and 10 
feet back from the edge of the bank; the top of the spike is 9.9 feet 
above the gage datum. 

Theoretically the discharge at gage No. 4 should represent the 
totals at Nos. 2 and 3,^ but it does not always do so, for during high 



42913°— wsp 342- 



1 See Aggie Creek at mouth, p. 275. 
-15 18 



274 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOIT-TAI^AITA REGION, ALASKA. 

water a small stream from the left bank discharges between the 
gages, and during low water more or less seepage takes place through 
the gravel. The records check very closely, however, and probably 
give very nearly the actual discharge of the creek during the season. 

Discharge measurements of Washington Creeh below Aggie Creeh in 1908. 



Date. 



May 23 

24 

July 27 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
3.30 
3.35 
1.80 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec-feet. 
419 
440 
25.8 



Date. 



July 28. 

Aug. 18 

19 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.85 
1.80 
1.80 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec-feet. 
21. Q 
25.9 
25.6 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharqe, in second feet, of Washington Creeh below Aggie 

Creel for 1908. 

[Drainage area, 147 square miles. Observer, E. J. Berger.] 





May.o 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






3.12 
3.00 
2.75 
2.70 
2.62 

2.98 
2.96 
2.78 
2.64 
2.45 

2.32 
2.25 
2.38 
2.42 
3.66 

3.18 
2.91 
2.68 
2.82 
2.84 

2.75 
3.22 
2.76 
2.52 
2.30 

2.10 
2.15 


332 
284 
185 
166 
141 

279 
274 
194 
149 
104 

80 
70 
89 
98 
600 

360 
246 
160 
210 
218 

185 
375 
188 
118 

77 

52 
58 
56 
56 
56 


'"i'io" 
2.10 

^05 
2711 
2.24 
2.30 
2.18 

2.18 
2.05 
1.86 
1.85 
1.92 

1.87 
1.87 
1.91 
1.91 

1.88 

1.85 
1.83 
1.75 
1.82 
1.81 

1.80 
1.80 
1.90 
1.90 
1.79 
1.78 


53 
53 
53 
52 

52 

48 
53 
69 
88 
61 

61 
48 
33 
32 
37 

34 
34 
36 
36 
34 

32 
30 
24 
30 
29 

28 
28 
35 
35 
27 
26 


1.80 
1.84 
1.92 
1.86 
1.85 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 

1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 
1.80 

1.80 
1.80 
1.85 
1.80 

1.88 

1.85 
1.88 
1.88 
1.85 
1.80 

1.86 
1.86 
1.86 
1.92 
1.92 
1.86 


28 
31 
37 
33 
32 

28 

28 
28 
28 
28 

28 

28 
28 
28 
28 

28 
28 
32 
28 
34 

32 
34 
34 
32 
28 

33 
33 
33 
37 
37 
33 


1.95 
2.06 
2.32 
2.55 


38 


2 






49 


3 






82 


4 






124 


5 




840 

720 
760 
880 
920 
1,200 

760 

688 

1,120 

1,160 

1,400 

1,280 
1,240 
1,160 
1,040 
1,120 

840 
490 
328 
440 
352 

250 
234 
310 
370 
525 
465 




6 








7 








8 








9 








10 








11 








12 








13. 








14 








15 








16 








17 








18 








19 








20 








21 








22 








23 


3.i6 
3.35 
3.18 

2.92 
2.88 
3.06 
3.20 
3.52 
3.40 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge. 
Second -feet per 
square mile 




774 
5.26 

5.28 
1,400 
234 
D 




182 
1.23 

1.37 
600 
52 
B 




41.3 
0.281 

0.324 

88 
26 
B 




30.8 
0.210 

0.24 
37 
28 

B 




73.1 

0.498 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.07 


Maximum 




124 


Minimum 




38 






B 









a Discharges from May 5 to 22, inclusive, are based on readings from gage No. 1, and on account of 
unfavorable channel conditions are approximate. 
Note.— Discharge curve fairly well defined below 600 second-feet. 



TOLOVANA EIVER DEAINAGE BASIN. 



275 



AGGIE CREEK AT MOUTH. 

This station was established May 23, 1908. The gage, known as 
gage No. 3, is located on the right bank about 1,000 feet above the 
mouth of the stream. It is referred to a spike driven in the top of a 
stump about 5 feet farther downstream on the same side; the top of 
the spike is 6.10 feet above the datum of the gage. 

Discharge measurements of Aggie CreeJc at mouth in 1908. - 



Date. 



May 23.. 

24.. 

July 27.. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.92 
3.29 
.95 



Discharge. 



Sec-feet. 
108 
136 
6.3 



Date. 



July 28. 
Aug. 19. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
1.09 
.90 



Discharge. 



Sec-feet. 



8.8 
7.0 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Aggie Creeh at mouth for 1908. 
[Drainage area, 35.8 square miles. Observer, E. J. Berger.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






2.30 
2.50 
1.80 
1.72 
1.80 

1.78 
1.65 
1.75 
1.58 
1.47 

1.40 
1.38 
1.32 
1.55 
1.90 

1.50 
1.35 
1.30 
1.30 
1.30 

1.30 
1.35 
1.17 
1.15 
1.05 

1.07 
1.02 


65 
79 
36 
31 
36 

34 
28 
34 
24 
20 

17 
16 
14 
23 
41 

21 
16 
14 
14 
14 

14 
16 
11 
10 
8.0 

8.5 
7.8 
7.8 
7.8 
7.8 


""'i.'oo' 

1.00 

1.02 
1.05 
1.17 
1.30 
1.07 

1.10 

1.02 

.98 

.98 

.98 

1.02 
1.02 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 

1.00 
.95 
.95 

1.00 
.98 

.95 

.95 

1.05 

.98 
.88 
.85 


7.5 
7.5 
7.5 
7.5 
7.5 

7.8 

8.0 

11.0 

14.0 

9.5 

9.0 
7.8 
7.0 
7.0 
7.0 

7.8 
7.8 
7.5 
7.5 
7.5 

7.5 
6.5 
6.5 
7.5 
7.0 

6.5 
6.5 
8.0 
7.0 
5.0 
4.5 


0.92 

1.00 

1.00 

.98 

.95 

.92 
.90 
.90 
.90 
.90 

.90 
.90 
.90 
.90 
.90 

.90 
.90 
.90 
.90 
.90 

.90 
.90 
.90 
.90 
.90 

.95 
.95 
.95 
.95 
.95 
.95 


6.2 
7.5 
7.5 
7.0 
6.5 

6.2 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 

6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 

6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 

6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 

6.5 
6.5 
6.5 
6.5 
6.5 
6.5 


1.08 
1.18 
1.30 
1.35 


8.5 


2 






10.6 


3 




14.0 


4 




16.0 


5 1 






6 








7 








8 1 








9 








10 


1 






11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22 










23 


2.90 
3.15 
2.60 

2.06 
2.05 
2.40 
2.67 
3.02 
3.12 


107 

125 

86 

50 
50 
72 
91 
116 
123 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge. 




91.2 
2.55 

0.85 
125 
50 
B 




22.5 
0.629 

0.70 

79 
7.8 
B 




7.58 
0.211 

0.24 
14.0 
4.5 
B 




6.26 
0.174 

0.20 
7.5 
6.0 

B 




12.2 


Second-feet per 
square mile 




0.341 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.05 


Maximum 




16.0 


Minimum 




8.5 


Accuracy 




B 









Note.— Discharge curve fairly well defined for all stages. 



276 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

CHATANIKA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Chatanika Kiver is formed by the junction of Faith and McManus 
creeks, which drain the high ridge constituting the divide between 
the lower Tanana and Yukon basins. The river flows southwest- 
ward, in a winding course, through a long and rather narrow valley, 
and unites with the Tolovana from the east about 30 miles above the 
confluence of that stream with the Tanana. It clings mostly to the 
western side of the valley, which is from one-half mile to 7 miles wide 
and about 80 miles long. Its drainage area above its mouth is 
approximately 1,300 square miles. 

Below the junction of Faith and McManus creeks the stream has 
a shifting gravelly bottom. At low and medium waters it flows in a 
series of pools and rapids in a channel 75 to 200 feet wide ; but during 
high water it may spread through several channels, covering a width 
of 100 to 400 feet. This high-water channel is usually well defined 
by steep alluvial banks 8 to 10 feet high. 

Below Poker Creek, a tributary from the right about 40 miles 
downstream from the junction, the valley widens and the bottom 
lands become marshy and swampy. From the left, the Chatanika 
receives drainage from Cleary, Eldorado, Dome, and Vault creeks, and 
other less important streams from the mining district proper. Below 
these tributaries the valley narrows to a gorgelike channel, which it 
follows for about 10 miles, after which the dividing ridges disappear 
and the stream meanders through the low swampy grounds to the 
north of Tanana Kiver. About 10 miles from its mouth Golds tream 
Creek, its largest tributary, joins it from the left. 

The average elevation of the divides in the upper drainage area of 
the Chatanika is between 3,000 and 4,000 feet above sea level, and 
the altitude of the ridges bounding the valley on the east and west is 
about 2,000 feet. Below an altitude of 1,800 to 2,000 feet the slopes 
are heavily timbered. 

The tributary streams from the right are short and precipitous, 
flowing through V-shaped valleys. Those from the left have less pre- 
cipitous courses and broader valleys and gradually lose themselves 
in the rather broad expanse of swamplike bottom lands. 

McManus Creek, the left fork of Chatanika River, rises between 
the headwaters of Birch Creek, a tributary of the Yukon, and the 
west fork of the Chena, a tributary of the Tanana. The ridges that 
surround it have a general elevation of about 3,000 feet. Its prin- 
cipal tributaries are Montana and Idaho creeks, from the north, and 
Smith Creek, which enters from the south near its mouth. Pool 
Creek is tributary to Smith Creek. 



TOLOVANA RIVER DRaIJTAGE BASIN. 



^11 



Faith Creek, the right fork of Chatanika Kiver, has its source in the 
southeasterly slope of the high ridges separating the Beaver and Birch 
creek drainage basins from that of the Chatanika. It occupies a 
rather narrow, irregular valley, very steep in its upper course, and 
drains an area of 51 square miles. It is formed by the union of Hope 
and Charity creeks. Homestake Creek is a tributary of Charity 
Creek. 

In the upper portion of the valley considerable ice remains as late 
as the middle of July, especially in Charity Creek and along Faith 
Creek below the mouth of Charity Creek. 

The altitude and drainage area of the upper Chatanika has attracted 
the attention of ''outside" capital for some time. The general 
topography has seemed suitable for a possible water supply by ditch 
line to the mining district proper, and the favorable slope of portions 
of Faith and McManus creeks has made them attractive to the pro- 
motor for hydraulicking. Actual records of stream flow, however, 
have shown that it would not be feasible to undertake to convey 
water from this basin to the Fairbanks mining district. 

McMANUS CREEK AT MOITTH. 

A gaging weir was established on McManus Creek near its mouth 
Jime 20, 1907, by the Chatanika Ditch Co., and records were kept 
until the weir was washed out on September 5. The keeping of 
daily records was not resumed until May 25, 1910, when a staff 
gage was installed near the mouth of the creek opposite the Faith 
Creek road house. The channel remained fairly stable until 1912. 
Two rating curves were used for that season. The gage datum varied 
from year to year but remained at a constant elevation during each 
season. The rating curves are fairly well defined below 400 second- 
feet. 

Discharge measurements of McManus Creeh at mouth in 1907-8 and 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1907. 

July 10... 

10... 

12... 



1908. 
July 14... 



1910. 
May 25.. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



3.89 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
15.6 
16.4 
15.6 



59 
393 



Date. 



1910— Contd 

June 12 

12 

July 9 

Aug. 1 

1911. 
June 15 

16 

July 14 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft, 


3.65 


315 


3.54 


250 


2.79 


23 


2.96 


50 


3.58 


254 


3.45 


175 


2.89 


28 



Date. 



1911— Contd 

Aug. 4 , 

12 

1912. 
June 10 

26 

July 23 

Aug. 16 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.74 
2.82 



3.20 
3.50 

2.88 
2.98 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
11.0 
18.7 



84 

206 

26 

44 



278 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAKAITA EEGIOK, ALASKA. 



Daily discharge^ in second-feet, of McManus CreeJc near mouth for 1907. 
[Elevation, 1,375 feet; drainage area, 80 square miles.] 



Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1 




21.6 
20.1 
19.0 
18.5 

17.8 

16.1 
17.5 

17.8 
15.8 
15.0 

16.1 
15.0 
15.4 
17.8 
18.5 

19.0 
21.6 
34.7 
40.0 
31.6 


81.2 
80.8 
56.1 
51.2 
63.4 

60.6 
98.6 
84.3 
75.6 

77.8 

62.2 
49.8 
45.5 
40.0 
37.2 

42.4 
39.0 
37.4 
34.7 
33.6 


71.5 
62.8 
57.8 
57.2 

1 


21 


34.8 
31.2 
34.8 
25.0 
21.7 

25.0 
24.3 
31.1 
26.0 
23.2 


26.0 
21. 2 

17.8 
21.4 
19.1 

38.6 
29.9 
23.9 

21.8 
18.8 
16.7 


32.2 
68.7 
50.3 
67.1 
81.2 

102.0 

92.6 

91.2 

114.0 

112.0 

94.1 




2 




22 




3 




23 




4 




24... 




5 




25 




6 




26 




7 




27 




8 




28 




9 




29 




10 




30 








31 






Mean dis- 
charge... 
Second-feet per 

square mile 

Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area). 






12 




28.5 
0.356 

0.15 


21.4 
0.268 

0.31 


66.4 
0.830 

0.96 




13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 


34.8 









Note. — These discharges were measured by weir and were furnished by the Chatanita Ditch Co. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharae, in second feet, of McManus Creek at mouth 

for 1910-1912. 



[Drainage area, 80 square miles. Observers: Joseph Pringle, 1910; George Loper, 1911-12. 


1 




May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 






3.52 
3.38 
3.36 
3.30 
3.48 

3.31 
3.16 
3.10 
3.21 

4.62 

4.05 
3.60 
3.30 
3.16 
3.10 

3.10 
3.04 
3.00 
2.99 
2.97 

3.00 
3.60 
3.18 
3.14 
3.12 

3.08 
3.15 
3.14 
3.05 

2.85 


242 
183 
175 
152 
225 

156 
104 
85 
120 
760 

486 
277 
152 
104 
85 

85 
69 
59 
57 
53 

59 

277 

110 

97 

91 

80 
100 
97 
72 
30 


2.80 
2.80 
2.81 
2.80 
2.92 

2.89 
2.80 
2.80 
2.79 

2.78 

2.78 
2.78 
2.78 
2.77 
2.76 

2.76 
2.75 

2.74 
2.74 
2.74 

2.75 

2.81 
2.86 
3.18 
2.98 

2.86 
2.80 
2.80 
2.78 
2.96 
3.00 


23 
23 
24 
23 
42 

36 
23 
23 
22 
21 

21 
21 
21 
20 
19.0 

19.0 
18.0 
17.0 
17.0 
17.0 

18.0 
24 
32 
110 

55 

32 
23 
23 
21 
51 
59 


2.92 

2.87 
2.86 
2.82 
2.80 

2.80 
2.80 
2.78 
2.76 
2.75 

2.74 
2.74 
2.72 
2.72 
2.70 

2.70 
2.73 
2.92 
3.60 
3.84 

3.38 
3.16 
3.06 
3.13 
3.24 

3.28 
3.26 
3.22 
3.17 
3.10 
3.04 


42 
34 
32 
26 
23 

23 

23 

21 

19.0 

18.0 

17.0 
17.0 
15.0 
15.0 
13.0 

13.0 
16.0 

42 
277 
387 

183 
104 

75 

94 
130 

145 
138 
123 
107 

85 

69 


3.02 
3.00 
3.00 
3.08 
3.32 

3.42 
3.39 
3.34 
3.27 
3.21 

3.16 
3.08 
3.04 
3.14 
3.61 

3.48 
3.39 
3.32 
3.26 
3.30 

3.29 
3.26 
3.13 
3.08 
3.05 


64 


2 






59 


3 






59 


4 






80 


5 






160 


6 






199 


7 






187 


8 






168 


9 






141 


10 






120 


11 






104 


12 






80 


13 






69 


14 






97 


15 






282 


16..... 






225 


17 






187 


18 






160 


19 






138 


20 






152 


21 






148 


22 






138 


23 






94 


24 






80 


25 


3.78 

3.38 
3.32 
3.36 
3.52 
3.55 
3.60 


359 

183 
160 
175 
242 
255 
277 


72 


26 




27 






28 






29 






30 






31 






Mean dis- 
charge 




236 
2.95 

0.77 
359 
160 

A 


........ 


155 
1.94 

2.16 
760 
30 
B 




29.0 
0.362 

0.42 
110 
17 
A 




75.0 
0.938 

1.08 
387 
13 
A 




131 


S e c n d-feet per 
square mile 




1.64 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




1.52 


Maximum 




282 


Minim\im 




59 


Accuracy 




A 









TOLOVANA KIVER DEAlNAGE BASIN. 



279 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of McManus Creek at mouth 

for 1910-1912— QontimxGdi. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






3.75 

3.85 
3.85 
3.75 
3.75 

3.95 
3.65 
3.60 
3.55 
3.45 

3.45 
3.55 
3.60 
3.50 
3.52 

3.60 
3.62 
3.55 
3.55 
3.45 

3.38 
3.32 
3.22 
3,18 
3.10 

3.10 
3.08 
3.00 
3.00 
3.08 


322 
368 
368 
322 
322 

414 
278 
255 
233 
190 

190 
233 
255 
211 
220 

255 
264 
233 
233 
190 

163 

140 

107 

94 

72 

72 
67 

48 
48 
67 


3.18 
3.32 
3.40 
3.22 
3.35 

3.35 
3.30 
3.08 
2.98 
2.90 

2.88 
2.98 
2.92 
2.88 
2.85 

2.88 
2.85 
2.85 
2.85 
2.80 

2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.78 

2.80 
2.80 
2.78 
2.75 
2.75 
2.75 


94 
140 
170 
107 
152 

152 
133 

67 

44 

30 

27 
44 
34 
27 
24 

27 
24 
24 
24 
17.0 

17.0 
17.0 
17.0 
17.0 
15.0 

17.0 
17.0 
15.0 
12.0 
12.0 
12.0 


2.75 
2.75 
2.75 
2.75 
2.75 

2.75 
2.75 
2.75 
2.75 
2.78 

2.85 
2.82 
2.80 
2.82 
3.82 

3.48 
3.48 
3.32 
3.18 
3.12 

3.05 
3.00 
2.98 
2.95 
2.95 

2.95 
2.95 
2.95 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 


12.0 
12.0 
12.0 
12.0 
12.0 

12.0 
12.0 
12.0 
12.0 
15.0 

24 
19.6 
17.0 
19.6 
354 

203 

203 

140 

94 

78 

60 
48 
44 
39 
39 

39 
39 
39 
30 
30 
30 


2.92 
3.05 
3.02 
3.00 
2.98 

2.95 
2.95 
2.95 
2.90 
2.90 

2.92 
2.90 
2.85 
2.85 
2.85 

2.90 
2.90 

2.88 
2.85 
2.85 

2.85 
2.85 
2.85 
2.90 


34 


2 






60 


3 






53 


4 






48 


5 






44 


6 






39 


7 






39 


8 






39 


9 






30 


10 






30 


11 






34 


12 






30 


13 






24 


14 






24 


15 






24 


16 






30 


17 






30 


18 






27 


19 






24 


20 






24 


21 






24 


22.... 






24 


23 






24 




4.15 
4.35 

4.40 
4.15 
4.00 
4.00 
3.75 
4.00 


508 
602 

626 
508 
438 
438 
322 
438 


30 


25 




26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean dis- 
charge 




485 
6.06 

1.80 
626 
322 

B 




208 
2.60 

3.00 
414 
48 
B 




49.3 
0.617 

0.71 
170 
12.0 
A 




55.2 
0.690 

0.80 
354 
12.0 
A 




32.9 


Second-feet per 
square mile 




0.411 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.38 


Maximum 




60 


Miaimum 




24 


Accuracy 




A 









280 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON^-TAIsrANA REGIOIST, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Mc Nanus Creek at mouth 

for 1910-1912— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






3.68 
4.22 
4.05 
3.62 
3.38 

3.25 
3.15 
3.10 
3.20 
3.18 

3.10 
3.32 
3.55 
3.32 
3.20 

3.38 
3.30 
3.22 
4.00 
3.55 

3.32 
3.28 
4.25 
3.88 
3.90 

3.58 
3.38 
3.25 
3.15 
3.08 


257 
508 
426 
232 
141 

100 

71 
58 
84 
79 

58 
122 
204 
122 

84 

141 
115 
90 
402 
204 

122 
109 
522 
346 
355 

239 

160 

116 

86 

67 


3.02 
3.00 
3.02 

2.98 
2.95 

2.90 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 

2.85 

2.85 
2.88 
2.85 
2.90 
2.90 

2.88 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 

2.90 
2.90 

2.88 
2.85 

2.85 

2.90 
2.98 
3.08 
3.02 
3.00 
2.95 


53 
48 
53 
44 
39 

30 
30 
30 
30 
24 

24 
27 
24 
30 
30 

27 
30 
30 
30 
30 

30 
30 

27 
24 
24 

30 

44 
67 
53 
48 
39 


2.95 
2.90 
2.90 
2.90 

2.88 

2.85 
3.10 
3.05 
3.00 
2.98 

3.08 
3.12 
3.05 
3.00 
3.00 

2.95 
2.95 
2.95 
2.95 
2.92 

2.92 
2.92 
2.92 
2.95 
2.98 

3.02 
3.08 
3.05 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 


39 
30 
30 
30 

27 

24 
72 
60 
48 
44 

67 
78 
60 
48 
48 

39 
39 
39 
39 
34 

34 
34 
34 
39 
44 

53 
67 
60 

48 
48 
48' 


3.00 
3.05 
3.10 
3.10 
3.15 

3.12 
3.05 
3.05 
3.05 
3.00 

3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00- 
3.10 

3.15 
3.28 
3.38 
3.28 
3.45 

3.45 
3.35 
3.28 
3.20 
3,15 

3.15 
3.10 
3.10 
3.12 
3.15 


48 
60 

72 
72 
86 

78 
60 
60 
60 

48 

48 
48 
48 
48 


2 






3 






4 






5 






6 






7 






8 






9 






10 






11 






12 






13 






14 






15 


3.75 

3.80 
3.68 
3.58 
3.45 
3.30 

3.30 
3.25 
3.48 
3.18 
3.15 

3.12 
3.10 
3.45 
3.78 
3.52 
3.32 


288 

310 

257 
215 
166 
115 

115 
100 

177 
79 
71 

63 

58 
166 
301 
192 
122 


72 
86 


16 


17 


126 


18 


160 


19 


126 




186 




186 


22 


150 




126 


24 


100 


25 


86 


26 


86 


27 


72 


28 


72 


29 


78 


30 


86 


31 














Mean discharge. 
Second-feet per 
square mile 




164 
2.05 

1.30 
310 
58 
B 




187 
2.34 

2.61 
522 
58 
C 




34.8 
0.435 

0,50 
67 
24 

A 




45.3 
0.507 

0.50 

78 
24 
A 




87.8 
1 10 


inches on drainage 
area) 




1 23 


Maximum 




186 






48 


Accuracy 




A 









CHATANIKA RIVER BELOW FAITH CREEK. 

A gaging station was established July 16, 1907, about 2,000 feet 
below the confluence of Faith and McManus creeks, in cooperation 
with the Chatanika Ditch Co., to determine the amount of water 
available for diversion from that point to the Fairbanks placer mines. 

Daily records were kept during the open seasons of 1907, 1908, and 
1910-1912. The gage was referred to the top of a post set firmly in 
the center of a log crib on the left bank of the creek at the measuring 
section. The distance from the top of the reference stake to the zero 
of the gage was 2.73 feet during 1907 and 1908, 3.90 feet in 1910, 4.52 
feet in 1911, and 4.04 feet in 1912. The channel was composed of 
sand and gravel and was liable to small changes, but not such as 
would appreciably affect the relation between gage height and dis- 
charge except during extreme high water. Measurements were made 



TOLOVANA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



281 



from a car and cable during the high stages and by wading at low 
and medium stages. Discharge curves are well defined for all stages 
except extremely high water. The conditions at the station were 
favorable for accuracy and the records should be excellent. The 
records show a minimum discharge of 24 second-feet from August 4 
to 9, 1911. 

Discharge measurements of ChataniJca River below Faith Creeh in 1907-1912. 



Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1907. 




Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


1910. 




Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


July 16 
26 


C. C. Covert 


1.58 
1.80 
1.89 


62 
80 
96 


May 25 

June 11 

12 


G. L. Parker 


4.39 
4.58 
4.08 


699 


E. B. Brigham 


do 

do 


925 


Aug. 3 


do 


535 


7 


do 


2.26 


188 


July 9 


do 


2.73 


56 


1908. 








Aug. 1 


do 


3.01 


99 


May 11 


C. W . McConaughy 


a 3. 90 


311 


1911. 








13 


do 


a 3. 40 


297 


June 15 


C.E.Ellsworth 


4.76 


592 


13 


do 


a 3. 40 


334 


16 


do 


4.67 


489 


13 


do 


3.48 


396 


July 15 


do 


3.39 


57 


14 


do 


a 3. 37 


300 


Aug. 4 


do 


3.19 


27 


14 


do 


3.54 


367 


12 


do 


3.50 


61 


21 


do 


4.15 


1,430 


1912. 

June 10 

26 

July 23 

Aug. 16 








June 26 

July 12 

13 

13 

Aug. 31 


do 

C. C. Covert 


1.95 
2.05 
2.15 
2.03 
2.05 


130 
144 
178 
119 
142 


C.E.Ellsworth 

do 

do 

do 


3.44 
3.93 
2.98 
3.22 


166 


C. E. Ellsworth 

do 

CO. Covert 


375 

66 

101 


1909. 
















June 6 


C. E. Ellsworth 


2.42 


229 










26 


do 


2.28 


239 










Aug. 17 


.....do 


2.01 


134 











a Backwater from ice jam below station. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chataniha River below Faith 

Creek for 1907-8 and 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 132 square miles. Observers: M. T. Kerrick and Herman Salchow, 1907-8; Joseph Pringle, 

1910; George Loper, 1911-12.] 



Day. 



1907 



1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 

6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16- 
17. 

18. 
19. 
20. 



July. 



1.58 
1.65 
1.86 
1.80 
1.75 



52 
60 
96 
82 
72 



August. 



O 



1.80 
2.02 
1.86 
1.93 
1.95 

1.95 
2.25 
2.12 
2.05 
2.02 

1.92 
1.85 
1.85 
1.80 
1.80 

1.80 
1.80 
1.78 
1.75 
1.75 



82 
131 

96 
109 
114 

114 
205 
157 
138 
131 

107 
95 
95 
82 
82 

82 
82 
78 
72 
72 



September. 



O 



2.08 
2.03 
2.00 
2.01 
2.06 

2.01 
1.98 
2.02 
1.99 
1.97 

2.34 
5.00 
3.20 
2.86 
2.77 

3.24 
3.05 

2.78 
2.63 
2.56 



145 
133 
126 
128 
140 

128 
121 
131 
124 
119 

243 
2,190 
720 
503 
453 

750 
620 
463 
3S5 
350 



Day. 



1907— Con. 

21 

22 

23 

24 , 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 



Mean dis- 
charge.. 

Second-feet 
per square 
mile 

Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
drainage 
area) 

Maximum.. 

Minimum. . 

Accuracy.. . 



July. 



O 



1.70 
1.62 
1.60 
1.64 
1.75 



66 
57 
55 
59 
72 

95 
72 
62 
60 
55 
55 



66.9 
0.507 



0..30 
96 
52 
A 



August. 



O 



1.75 
1.98 
1.92 
2.01 
2.22 

2.25 
2.15 
2.13 
2.25 
2.25 



72 
121 
107 
136 
193 

205 
168 
161 
205 
205 
171 



121 



0.947 



1.09 
205 
72 
A 



September. 



O 



2.50 
2.43 
2.35 
2.31 
2.29 

2.29 
2.30 
2.34 
2.42 
2.36 



320 
285 
248 
230 
221 

221 
225 
243 
280 
252 



.•^50 
2.G5 



2.96 
2,190 
119 
B 



Note.— From May 11 to 18, 1908, gage heights were affected by ice jam below station. 



S82 SUKPACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOK-TAITAKA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chatanika River heloiv Faith 
Creel for 1907-8 and i9i0-i9i^— Continued. 





May. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 












140 
140 
125 
125 
102 

102 
100 
100 
102 
102 

100 

95 

95 

102 

102 

114 

126 
150 
150 
185 

270 
270 
225 
185 
126 

126 
126 
150 
150 
150 
126 


2.4 
2.5 
2.9 
2.7 

2.5 
2.4 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 

2.2 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

2.2 
2.2 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.3 

2.2 
2.1 
2.1 
2.0 
(a) 


270 


2 












320 


3 












530 


4 












420 


5. 












370 


6 












320 


7 












270 


8 












225 


9 












225 


10 












225 


11 


4.17 
3.76 
3.45 
3.45 
3.47 

3.54 
3.51 
3.42 
3.56 
4.11 

4.15 


430 
470 
310 
340 
350 

380 
370 
320 
985 
1,400 

1,430 








185 


12 








150 


13 

14 r 


2.1 
2.1 
1.9 

2.1 
1.9 
2.0 
1.9 
1.9 

1.8 
1.8 
1.9 
2.0 
2.0 

2.0 


150 
150 
102 

150 
102 
126 
102 
102 

82 

82 

102 

126 

126 

126 
150 
175 
200 
180 
150 


"""2." 6' 

2.1 
2.1 
2.2 

2.4 
2,4 
2.3 
2.2 
2.0 

2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.0 


150 
150 


15 


150 


16 


185 


17 


185 


18 


150 


19 


150 


20 


150 


21 


126 


22 


126 


23 






126 


24 






150 


25 






225 


26 






185 


27 






150 


28 








150 


29 








126 


30 








102 


31 






















Mean discharge 




619 
4.69 

1.92 

1,430 

320 

C 




131 
0.992 

0.70 
200 
82 
A 




137 
1.04 

1.20 
270 
95 
A 




208 


Second-feet per square mile 




1.58 


Run-oflf (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




1.76 


Maximum 




530 


Minimum 




102 


Accuracy 




A 









a River frozen over after Sept. 30. 



TOLOVANA EIVER DEAINAGE BASIN. 



283 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chatanika River below Faith 
Creek for 1907-8 and 1910-1912— CoRtinued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 ' 




4.26 
4.25 
4.27 
4.16 
4,32 

3.76 
3.55 
3.48 
3.70 
5.74 

4.75 
4.06 
3.68 
3.48 
3.36 

3.42 
3.43 
3.23 
3.25 
3.28 

3.36 
3.76 
3.47 
3.42 
3.35 

3.33 
3.42 
3.28 
3.22 
3.12 


639 
632 
646 
569 
683 

339 
249 
223 
310 
2,000 

1,030 
502 
302 
223 
182 

202 
206 
144 
149 
157 

182 
339 
220 
202 
178 

172 
202 
157 
141 
118 


3.08 
3.07 
2.92 
2.82 
2.90 

2.84 
2.80 
2.78 
2.78 
2.76 

2.75 
2.74 
2.73 
2.72 
2.71 

2.71 
2.70 
2.70 
2.68 
2.67 

2.72 
3.02 
3.62 
3.66 
3.16 

3.04 

2.98 
2.88 
2.85 
3.06 
3.06 


109 

14J8 

81 

65 

78 

68 
62 
60 
60 
58 

56 
55 
54 
53 
52 

52 
51 
51 
49 

48 

53 

99 

276 

293 

127 

102 

92 

75 

70 

106 

106 


2.98 
2.91 
2.85 
2.82 
2.80 

2.80 
2.78 
2.76 
2.75 
2.74 

2.74 
2.73 
2.72 
2.70 
2.68 

2.70 
2.84 
4.02 
4.72 
4.60 

4.02 
3.54 
3.34 
3.42 
3.58 

3.62 
3.58 
3.52 
3.44 
3.34 
3.28 


92 
80 
70 
65 
- 62 

62 
60 

58 
56 
55 

55 
54 
^53 
51 
49 

51 

68 

477 

1,010 

907 

477 
245 
175 
202 
260 

276 
260 
238 
209 
175 
157 


3.24 
3.23 
3.22 
3.33 
3.62 

3.82 
3.78 
3.71 
3.63 
3.53 

3.45 
3.37 
3.30 
3.34 
3.94 

3.70 
3.66 
3.60 
3.52 
3.46 

3.44 
3.42 
3.36 
3.27 
3.24 


146 


2 . . I -- 




144 


3 






141 


4 






172 


5 






276 


6... 






368 


7 






348 


8 






315 


9 






281 


10 






241 


11 






212 


12 






185 


13 






162 


14 ; 






175 


15 






430 


16 






310 


17 






293 


18 






268 


19 






238 


20 






216 


21 






209 


22 






202 


23 






182 


24 






1.54 


25 


4.32 

3.74 
3.72 
3.78 
4.02 
4.12 
4.22 


683 

329 
320 
348 

477 
542 
610 


146 


26 




27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge. 

Second -feet per 

square mile 




473 
3.58 

0.93 
683 
320 
A 





377 
2.86 

3.19 
2,000 
118 
A 




86.1 
0.652 

0.75 
293 
48 
A 




197 
1.49 

1.72 
1,010 
49 
A 




233 

1.77 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




1.65 


Maximum 




430 


Minimum 




141 


Accuracy 




A 









284 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOK-TANANa REGIOIT, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chataniha River, below Faith 
Creel for 1907-8 and 1910-1912— GontimiedL. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






5.10 
4.70 
4.85 
4.90 
4.70 

5.15 

4.85 
4.55 
4.40 
4.30 

4.25 
4.00 
4.60 
4.75 
4.85 

5.02 
5.05 
4.55 
4.80 
4.65 

4.58 
4.35 
4.35 
4.22 
4.10 

1.00 
4.00 
3.90 
3.80 
3.85 


795 
518 
612 
645 
518 

836 
612 
434 
357 
311 

290 
200 
460 
549 
612 

732 
756 
434 
580 
489 

450 
334 
334 
277 
232 

200 
200 
169 
140 
154 


4.15 
4.25 
4.35 
4.08 
4.12 

4.12 
4.10 
3.80 
3.68 
3.58 

3.48 
3.58 
3.52 
3.48 
3.42 

3.42 
3.42 
3.42 
3.40 
3.32 

3.30 
3.28 
3.25 
3.25 
3.22 

3.25 
3.25 
3.22 
3.20 
3.20 
3.20 


250 
290 
334 
226 
239 

239 
232 
140 
109 

87 

68 
87 
75 
68 
57 

57 
57 
57 
54 
43 

40 
38 
34 
34 
30 

34 
34 
30 

28 
28 
28 


3.20 
3.20 
3.20 
3.15 
3.15 

3.15 
3.15 
3.15 
3.18 
3.30 

3.65 
3.55 
3.45 
3.48 
5.70 

4.62 
4.62 
4.40 
4.15 
3.98 

3.88 
3.80 
3.75 
3.70 
3.70 

3.65 
3.65 
3.65 
3.60 
3.60 
3.60 


28 
28 
28 
24 
24 

24 
24 
24 
26 
40 

90 
70 
53 
58 
1,280 

436 
436 
327 
232 
177 

147 
125 
113 
101 
101 

90 
90 
90 
80 
,80 
80 


3.65 
3.80 
3.75 
3.75 
3.70 

3.68 
3.65 
3.65 
3.60 
3.60 

3.60 
3.60 
3. 58 
3.55 
3.50 

3.55 
3.55 
3.50 
3.50 
3.45 

3.50 
3.50 
3.50 
3.55 


90 


2 






125 


3 






113 


4 






113 


5 






101 


6 






97 


7 






90 


8 






90 


9 






80 


10 






80 


11 






80 


12 






80 


13 






76 


14 






70 


15 






61 


16 






70 


17 






70 


18 






61 


19 






61 


20 






53 


21 






61 


22 






61 


23 






61 


24 


4.50 
5.00 

5.35 
5.25 
4.75 
4.95 
4.65 
5.05 


408 
716 

1,010 
922 
549 
680 

489 
756 


70 


25 




26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 
Second -feet per 
SQuare mile 




691 
5.23 

1.56 
1,010 
408 
B 




441 
3.33 

3.72 
836 
140 

A 




101 
0.765 

0.88 
334 
28 
A 




146 
1.11 

1.27 
1,280 
24 
A 




79.8 
0.604 


Run-oll (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.54 


Maximum . . 




125 






53 


Accuracy 




A 









TOLOVANA EIVEE DKAIXAGE BASIN. 



285 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chataniha River below Faith 
Creek for 1907-8 and 1910-1912— QoniiRued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge, 


1912. 
1 






4.40 
5.40 
5.00 
4.25 
3.78 

3.62 
3.48 
3.35 
3.45 
3.42 

3.30 
3.65 
4.00 
3.75 
3.60 

3.80 
3.70 
3.55 
4.95 
4.10 

3.75 
3.65 
4.90 
4.45 
4.40 

4.05 
3.75 
3.55 
3.38 
3.28 


660 

1.500 

1,130 

562 

301 

232 
181 
140 
172 
162 

126 
244 
413 

288 
224 

310 
265 
206 
1,080 
470 

288 
244 
1,040 
695 
660 

442 
288 
206 
149 
121 


3.22 
3.15 
3.18 
3.12 
3.02 

3.00 
2.95 
2.95 
2.92 
2.90 

2.90 
2.92 
2.92 
3.12 
3.05 

2.98 
2.98 
3.00 
2.95 
3.02 

3.05 
3.00 
3.00 
2.95 
2.92 

3.12 
3.42 
3.65 
3.50 
3.32 
3.25 


106 
92 
97 
86 
71 

68 
62 
62 
58 
55 

55 

58 
58 
86 
75 

65 
65 
68 
62 
71 

75 
68 
68 
62 

58 

86 
162 
244 
188 
132 
114 


3.18 
3.10 
3.10 
3.10 
3.08 

3.05 
3.40 
3.35 
3.28 
3.22 

3.38 
3.50 
3.38 
3.30 
3.28 

3.20 
3.20 
3.18 
3.15 
3.12 

3.12 
3.12 
3.12 
3.15 
3.18 

3.25 
3.32 
3.30 
3.25 
3.22 
3.20 


97 
82 
82 
82 
79 

75 
155 
140 
121 
106 

149 
188 
149 
126 
121 

101 

101 

97 

92 

86 

86 
86 
86 
92 
97 

114 
132 
126 
114 
106 
101 


3.20 
3.30 
3.35 
3.35 
3.40 

3.38 
3.30 
3.30 
3.30 
3.25 

3.25 
3.20 
3.20 
3.20 
3.32 

3.40 
3.58 
3.68 
3.58 
3.88 

3.85 
3.70 
3.62 
3.55 
3.50 

3.48 
3.40 
3.40 
3.42 
3.45 


101 


2 






126 


3 




140 


4 L 




140 


5 






155 


6 






149 


7 






126 


8 






126 


9 






126 


10 






114 


11 






114 


12 






101 


13 






101 


14 






101 


15 


4.50 

4.70 
4.50 
4.30 
4.15 
3.92 

3.92 
3.80 
3.90 
3.78 
3.55 

3.55 
3.55 
3.92 
4.45 
4.00 
4.20 


730 

880 
730 
595 
500 
371 

371 
310 
360 
301 
206 

206 
206 
371 
695 
413 
530 


132 


16 


155 


17 


217 


18 


257 


19 


217 


20 


350 


21 


335 
265 


23 


232 


24 


206 


25 


188 


26 


181 


27 


155 


28 


155 




162 


30 


172 
















Mean dis- 
charge 




457 
3.46 

2.18 
880 
206 

B 




427 
3.23 

3.60 
1,500 
121 
B 




86.4 
0.655 

0.76 
244 
55 
A 




109 
0.826 

0.95 
188 
75 
A 




170 


Se c n d - feet per 
square mile . . . 




1.29 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




1.44 


Maximum 




350 






101 


Accuracy 




A 









CHATANIKA RIVER BELOW POEaiR CREEK. 

This station was established June 20, 1907. Daily records have 
been kept for the whole or a part of each season from 1907 to 1912, 
when ice was not present. 

The gage was a vertical staff driven in the left bank of the river 
about a mile below Poker Creek, opposite the original location of the 
Cleary Creek Lumber Co.'s sawmill and just below James Fitzsim- 
mons's cabin. 

The channel shifted a little during high water. The same rating 
was used for 1907 and 1908. A different rating has been applied each 
succeeding year. 

Measurements of discharge were made by wading at low water and 
from a boat at medium and high stages. 



286 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAl^A REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Chatanika River below Poher Creeh in 1907-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1907. 

June 27 

July 4 

Aug. 9 


Feet. 
1.08 

.83 
1.98 

.95 

.90 

1.61 

1.70 


Sec.-ft. 
246 
178 
669 

207 
192 
420 

469 


1909— Contd. 

July 17 

Aug. 19 

1910. 
Apr. 18 


Feet. 
1.60 
1.33 


Sec.-ft. 

435 

310 

1.91 
1,700 
266 
114 
521 

1,070 


1911— Contd. 

June 19 

July 1 

8 

Aug. 7. 

8 

1912. 
June 13 

20 

July 29 

Aug. 12 


Feet. 

3.22 

1.64 

1.70 

.63 

.69 

2.88 
4.07 
1.89 
1.60 


Sec.-ft. 

1,360 

363 

399 

68 


1908. 

Aug. 8 

14 

22 

1909. 
June 29 


May 18 

June 30 

Aug. 5 

26 .'. 

1911. 
June 18 


3.71 
1.26 

.87 
1.99 

2.90 


77 

1,090 

2,060 

435 

312 



o Measurement made through ice covering. Discharge probably about the minimum for the winter. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secondfeet, of Chatanika River below Poker 

Creek for 1907-1912. 

[Drainage area, 456 square miles. Observer, James Fitzsimmons.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1907. a 
1 






0.90 
.90 
.90 
.80 
.80 

.80 
.80 
.95 

.85 
.80 

.90 
.90 
.95 
.90 
1.00 

1.05 
1.10 
1.10 
1.20 
1.15 

1.10 

1.10 

.95 

.90 

.90 

1.05 
1.10 
1.10 
1.10 
1.00 
.90 


192 
192 
192 
167 
167 

167 
167 
204 
180 
167 

192 
192 
204 
192 
216 

232 
250 
250 
283 
266 

250 
250 
204 
192 
192 

232 
250 
250 
250 
216 
192 


2.10 
2.60 
2.00 
1.75 
1.75 

1.65 
1.50 
1.75 
1.90 
1.85 

1.60 
1.50 
1.35 
1.40 
1.25 

1.20 
1.10 
1.10 
1.00 
1.10 

1.10 
1.00 
1.15 
1.20 
1.35 

1.55 
1.30 
1.40 
1.55 
1.70 
1.60 


743 
1,080 
677 
530 
530 

480 
405 
530 
620 
590 

455 
405 
342 
363 
300 

283 
250 
250 
216 
250 

250 
216 
266 
283 
342 

430 
321 
363 
430 
505 
455 


1.45 
1.40 
1.30 
1.30 
1.25 

1.30 

1.30 

1.30 

A 1.45 

' 1.30 

1.35 
3.60 
4.45 
3.25 
2.85 

4.00 
4.30 
2.35 
2.50 
2.30 

2.35 
2.30 
2.25 
2.15 
2.00 

2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.15 
2.35 


384 
363 
321 
321 
300 

,321 
321 
321 
384 
321 

342 
1,860 
2,380 
1,580 
1,270 

2,180 

2,420 

912 

1,020 

877 

912 

877 
844 
776 
677 

677 
677 
677 
776 
912 


2.25 
2.00 
1.85 
1.75 
1.70 

1.65 
1.60 
1.45 
1.25 
1.05 

1.45 

1.85 
1.80 
1.75 


844 


2 






677 


3 






590 


4 






530 


5 






505 


6 






480 


7 






455 


8 






384 


9 






300 


10 






232 


11.. 






384 


12 






590 


13 






560 


14 






530 


15 








16 










17 










18 










19 










20 


1.10 

1.10 
1.10 
1.10 
1.05 
1.00 

.90 

.90 

1.00 

1.10 

1.00 


250 

250 
250 
250 
232 
216 

192 
192 
216 
250 
216 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 
charge 




228 
0.500 

0.20 
250 
192 

A 




211 
0.463 

0.53 
283 
167 

A 




425 
0.932 

1.07 
1,080 
216 
A 




867 
1.90 

2.19 
2,420 
300 
B 




506 


Second- feet per 
square mile 




1.11 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




0.68 


Maximum 




844 


Minimum 




232 


Accuracy 




A 













a These discharges are well defined below 1,000 second-feet. The river was frozen over after Oct. 14, 1907. 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE VIII 



October Nov. ] 


29 1 17 27 1 § 








■ 




> 






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i 










































1 A 








- J i 








It" 1 

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r^^,^-^ -'^=^..7^ ^... 


— 


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::::::::::■: 


'' •• ,7]""' 


•.. 



)ND-FEET OF CHAT 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE VIM 


May June July Auprust September October Nov. 


1 10 20 30 1 9 19 29 1 9 19 29 1 8 18 28 1 7 17 27 1 7 17 27 1 ( 






' V \ i A. J . - - _ _ . . _ _ 1908 _ _ 


i, / i y ]l 1910 


,; r r\ il" " '"' ' ' " 1911 

\ i .'' [j 1912 

/? 1 II ! 


lit \ 1 1 ^ 

__ _ _4 


■ 1 1 'i\ 1 ' 1 1 


iU' V^...A J ' A I 


J 1 L ii\ d I \ : W 1 1 


M—ii—u\—-xi\A:}.A A^i j\ ni \ ;> 


' ii it\ "niuA 1 1 1 ■/: , ~~\ r-;—rT\~A r\ 

{i,'U.u-Lj., __-l,L 'M« U 1 1 I \ i \ A L 


1 )■- rfl \ r -^^[^ V :f| ,i - --^ -. - - -J.. 1- ^ _^ -^ -^^. ^i^ ,. f--\y. 


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^ -^ / ~--s. -''"■^-v ^> ■^- ^ =.'^''^'^^ N^^3_ 2 J ^ "^ v.. '^^^-'<; , --^ . . '''^f%'^ N'' ^=.=:r-^_'- ■■ ?~-^-ii^^-..^ \ .* ~"-^*'? "" ^--^1:1: t '' '■ '~s-- 


'-■^_- — . J_ ,...,..--=;?" ■-. .. .~~~ "^''H^ -...-.. _L — ^__y " ^ ~ •"■■■' " ^ -..^ _-■■---_' ■■ ■■■.__ __ -. .. ]^7~.. .].7 



HYDROGRAPH SHOWING DAILY DISCHARGE IN SECOND-FEET OF CHATANIKA RIVER BELOW POKER CREEK FROM 1907 TO 1912. 



TOLOVANA EIVER DEAINAGE BASIN. 



287 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Chatanika River helow Poker 

Creek in 1907-1912— Contmued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


T>ay. 


-1^ 
.to 

<£ 
63 

o 


.a 

ft 


'3 
to 

C3 
O 


03 

-s 

5 


-1-5 

'S 


.a 

o 

.S3 
ft 


'3 

d 

O 


® 

S-l 
03 

•s 

s 


.1 

© 


•g 
.a 
p 


4J 

'3 

<D 
fcJD 
C3 

o 


to 


1908.« 
1 






3.70 
3.30 
3.05 
2.60 
2.90 

3.65 
2.60 
2.60 
2.20 
1.95 

2.15 
2.35 
2.95 
2.90 
3.25 

2.50 
2.65 
2.45 
2.20 
2.05 

1.95 
1.80 
1.60 
1.50 
1.35 

1.30 
1.20 
1.30 
1.40 
1.20 


1,940 
1,620 
1,420 
1,080 
1,310 

1,900 

1,080 

1,080 

810 

650 

776 

912 

1,350 

1,310 

1,580 

1,,020 

1,120 

980 

810 

710 

650 
560 
455 
405 
342 

321 
283 
321 
363 
283 


1.40 
1.35 
1.15 
1.85 
1.55 

1.45 
1.45 
1.50 
2.35 
1.80 

1.45 
1.35 
1.35 
1.25 
1.20 

1.20 
1.35 
1.25 
1.20 
1.10 

.95 
.95 
.95 
1.00 
.95 

.95 
.95 
1.00 
1.20 
1.25 
1.20 


363 
342 
266 
590 
430 

384 
384 
405 
912 
560 

384 
342 
342 
300 
283 

283 
342 
300 
283 
250 

204 
204 
204 
216 
204 

204 
204 
216 
283 
300 
283 


1.15 
1.15 
1.15 
1.05 
1.05 

.95 

.95 

.95 

1.00 

1.00 

.95 
.95 
.90 
.90 
.95 

1.05 
1.20 
1.35 
1.40 
1.50 

1.60 
1.60 
1.55 
1.40 
1.35 

1.30 
1.25 
1.25 
1.25 
1.25 
1.25 


266 
266 
266 
232 
232 

204 
204 
204 
216 
216 

204 
204 
192 
192 
204 

232 
283 
342 
363 
405 

455 

455 
430 
363 
342 

321 
300 
300 
300 
300 
300 


1.30 
1.45 
2.10 
2.60 
2.35 

2.10 
1.95 
1.80 
1.75 
1.60 

1.55 
1.50 
1.45 
1.35 
1.25 

1.35 
1.40 
1.50 
1.80 
1.70 

1.50 
1.45 
1.45 
1.30 
1.25 

1.25 
1.30 
1.25 
1.15 
1.25 


321 
384 
743 
1,080 
912 

743 
650 
560 
530 
455 

430 
405 
384 
342 
300 

342 
363 
405 
560 
505 

405 
384 
384 
321 
300 

300 
321 
300 
266 
300 


1.15 
1.25 
1.35 
1.20 
1.15 

1.05 
1.05 
1.15 
1.00 
.95 

1.05 

1.05 

1.00 

.95 

.85 

.85 
1.00 
1.05 
1.05 
1.00 

.85 


266 


2 






300 


3 






342 


4 






283 


5 






266 


6 






232 


7 






232 


8 






266 


9 






216 


10 






204 


11 






232 


12 






232 


13 






216 


14 






204 


15 






179 


16 


4.35 
4.55 
4.50 
4.60 
4.60 

5.25 
4.75 
3.55 
4.20 
4.30 

3.65 
3.45 
3.20 
3.45 
3.55 
3.35 


2,460 
2,620 
2,580 
2,660 
2,660 

3,180 
2,780 
1,820 
2,.340 
2,420 

1,900 
1,740 
1,540 
1,740 
1,820 
1,660 


179 


17 


216 


18 


232 


19 


232 


20 


216 


21 


179 


22 




23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 
charge. . 

square mile. . 

E,un-ofE (depth 
in Inches on 
drainage area) 

Maximum 




2,240 
4.91 

2.92 

3,180 

1,540 

C 




915 
2.01 

2.24 
1,940 
283 
B 




331 
0.726 

0.84 
912 
204 
A 




284 
0.623. 

0.72 
455 
192 
A 




456 
1.00 

1.12 

1,080 
266 
A 




234 
0.513 

0.40 
342 


Minimum 




179 


Accuracy 




A 









a Discharge curve well defined below 800 second-feet. 
frozen over after Oct. 21, 1908. 



Ice broke Apr, 29; river cleared of ice May 3; river 



288 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chatanika River below Poker 

Creek for 1907-1912— Gontinned. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


•s . 

to 

03 
O 


1 

.53 
P 


2 

to 

I 

go 

03 


CD 

1 

ft 


.a 

03 
O 


1 

.a 
ft 


i 
I 


O 

.a 
ft 


i 

s 

® 
O 


M 

.23 



-a 

•rH 

o3 



1 

ft 


1909.1 
1 






1.95 
1.90 
1.95 
1.70 
1.75 

1.45 
1.25 
1.40 
2.65 
2.70 

1.70 
1.40 
1.30 
1.35 
1.20 

L20 

1.10 

1.00 

.95 

.90 

.90 

.85 

.80 

1.20 

1.65 

1.30 
1.85 
2.05 
1.60 
1.45 


612 
583 
612 
474 
501 

359 

283 

338 

1,060 

1,090 

474 
338 
300 
319 
266 

266 
234 
204 
190 
176 

176 
164 
152 
266 
449 

300 
559 
670 
424 
359 


1.35 
1.30 
1.45 
1.65 
1.45 

1.25 
L45 
1.50 
1.55 
2.00 

2.25 
1.80 
1.65 
2.10 
2.25 

1.90 
1.70 
1.70 
1.60 
1.35 

1.15 
1.05 
1.10 
1.55 
L60 

1.45 
1.30 
1.25 
1.20 
1.20 
L40 


319 
300 
359 
449 
359 

283 
359 
380 
402 
640 

740 
428 
449 
700 
790 

583 
474 
474 
424 
319 

250 
219 
234 
402 
424 

359 
300 
283 
266 
266 
338 


2.35 
2.30 
2.20 
1.90 
L70 

1.65 
1.60 
2.00 
3.10 
3.20 

2.90 
2.30 
1.85 
1.60 
1.60 

1.45 
1.40 
1.30 
1.33 


852 
820 
760 
583 
474 

449 

424 

640 

1,380 

1,450 

1,230 
820 
556 
424 
424 

359 
338 
300 
311 
300 

289 
278 
267 
256 
245 

234 
223 
212 
201 
190 
179 


"6." 76" 

.70 
.70 
.70 
.90 
1.05 

1.00 
.90 

.80 
.80 
.70 

.70 
.85 
L05 
.80 
.80 

.80 
.85 
.70 
.70 
.70 

.70 
.70 
.70 
.80 
.75 


168 
157 
146 
135 
130 

130 
130 
130 
176 
219 

204 
176 
152 
152 
130 

130 
164 
219 
152 
152 

152 
164 
130 
130 
130 

130 
130 
130 
152 
141 


0.60 
.60 
.60 
.50 
.50 


110 


2 






110 


3 






110 


4 






92 


5 






92 


6 








7 










8 










9 


4.85 
4.65 

4.40 
4.40 
4.30 
2.80 
3.15 

4.55 
4.50 
4.65 
3.60 
2.55 

1.75 
1.70 
2.25 
3.20 
3.00 

2.90 
2.70 
2.15 
2.15 
2.10 
2.15 


2,750 
2,590 

2,390 
2,390 
2,310 
1,160 
1,410 

2,510 
2,470 
2,590 
1,750 
985 

501 

474 

790 

1,450 

1,300 

1,230 
1,090 
730 
730 
700 
730 






10 






11 






12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24.. 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 
charge. , 
Accuracy 




1,520 
C 




407 
A 




410 
A 




499 
B 




151 
A 




103 
A 









a Water was diverted from the river above the gage by ditch from July 5 to about Oct. 10, 1909. No 
recordsareavaUableregardingthe amount of this diversion, but it probably varies from 20 to 30 second-feet, 
which amount should be added to the above discharges to obtain the natural flow of the river. The dis- 
charges are fairly well defined below 600 second-feet. Ice raised May 6; went out May 9; river frozen 
over after Oct. 5, 1909. 



TOLOVANA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIF. 



289 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chatanika River below Poker 

Creel for i907-i9i^— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


Augtist. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


'S 

A 


1 

.59 


-i-j 
A 
O 


o3 

o 
.23 


A 
bO 

I 
03 

O 


bC 

o 

CO 


A 

© 
A • 


aj 

1 


A 

'S 

A 

bfi 
03 

O 


1 

5 


A 

'S 
A 

<D 
bD 
e3 

o 


c5 

1 

.59 

O 


1910.O 
1 






2.80 
2.80 
2.60 
2.55 
2.25 

2.10 
2.10 
1.90 
1.80 
3.80 

5.65 
3.60 
3.40 
2.80 
1.80 

1.60 
1.50 
1.40 
1.35 
1.30 

1.30 
1.25 
1.45 
1.40 
1.30 

1.30 
1.20 
1.15 
1.15 
1.22 


1,020 

1,020 

892 

861 

682 

600 
600 
500 
456 
1,770 

'3,260 
1,610 
1,460 
1,020 
456 

372 
333 
298 
280 
263 

263 
248 
316 
298 
263 

263 
233 
219 
219 
239 


1.22 
1.20 
1.20 
1.15 
1.12 

1.02 

.98 
.92 

.88 
.82 

.80 
.82 
.85 
.80 
.70 

.70 

.80 
.65 
.80 
.82 

.85 

.72 

1.22 

2.10 

2.60 

1.40 
1.20 
1.10 
1.02 
.98 
.90 


239 
233 
186 
174 
166 

144 
136 
124 
116 
104 

100 
104 
110 
100 

84 

84 
100 

77 
100 
104 

110 

87 
192 
520 
795 

242 
186 
161 
144 
136 
120 


0.90 
.90 
.90 

.88 
.85 

.80 
.80 
.80 
.80 
.79 

.78 
.75 
.74 
.72 
.60 

.62 

.88 

1.90 

4.25 

4.98 

3.70 
2.61 
2.75 
2.10 
1.85 

1.85 
1.84 
1.81 
1.80 
1.72 
1.60 


120 
120 
120 
116 
110 

100 
100 
100 
100 
98 

97 
92 
90 

87 
70 

73 

116 

430 

2,000 

2,690 

1,690 

898 
988 
600 

478 

478 
474 
460 
456 
421 
372 


1.51 
1.48 
1.48 
1.55 
2.19 

2.68 
1.98 
1.85 
1.78 
1.60 

1.50 
1.42 
1.38 
2.00 
3.30 

2.92 
2.82 
2.60 
2.28 
2.10 

2.02 
2.00 
1.96 
1.72 
1.55 

1.51 
1.50 
1.42 
1.40 
1.40 


337 
326 
326 
352 
650 

942 
536 
478 
447 
372 

333 
305 
291 
545 
1,380 

1,100 

1,030 

892 

699 

600 

556 
545 
527 
421 
352 

337 
333 
305 
298 
298 


1.35 
1.30 
1.30 
1.30 
1,28 

.92 

.82 
.80 
.80 
.79 

.74 

.76 

.98 

1.28 

1.55 

1.48 
1.40 
1.34 
1.30 
1.22 

1.10 
1.08 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 

1.00 
.95 
.80 
.80 


280 


2 






263 


3 






263 


4 


:::::::::::::: 


263 


5 






257 


6 






160 


7 






138 


8 






134 


9 






134 


10 






132 


11 






123 


12 






126 


13 






175 


14 






257 


15 






352 


16 






326 


17 


3.96 
3.54 
2.20 
2.10 

2.80 
2.75 
2.20 
2.45 
3.25 

2.20 
2.20 
2.10 
2.10 
2.70 
3.00 


1,900 

1,560 

655 

600 

1,020 
988 
655 
800 

1,350 

655 
655 
600 
600 
955 
1,160 


298 


18 


277 


19 


263 


20 


239 


21 


205 


22 


200 


23 


180 




180 


25 


180 


26 


180 


27 


168 


28 


134 


29 


134 


30 




31 


















Mean dis- 
charge . . 




943 
A 




678 
B 




170 
B 




456 
B 




530 
A 




208 
A 









a "Water was diverted from the river above the gage by ditch from about May 15 to Oct. 10, 1910. Esti- 
mates of daily discharge of the ditch from Jime 23 to Sept. 27 are published on p. 292. They should be 
added to the above discharges to obtain the natural flow of the river. The discharge curve is well defined 
below 2,000 second-feet. A fish trap below the gage caused backwater effect from July 3 to Aug. 13, 1910. 
River frozen 10 feet from shore at gage Oct. 30; frozen entirely over after Oct. 30, 1910. 



42913°— WSP 342—15- 



-19 



290 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAISrANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chaianika River below Poher 

Creel for i9(97-:Z9i^— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


November. 


Day. 


4J 


5 


A 

'S 
A 


® 

ft 


% 

A 
® 

03 


6 

1 


4-5 

A 

"S 

A 

o 


0) 
bJCi 

CO 

5 


'53 
A 
® 


ho 

A 
o 
CO 


•4^ 

'S 

A 

0) 


(V 

c 
CO 

• r-l 
ft 


-1-5 

O 


03 

1 

A 
o 

ft 


1911.« 
1 . 






.3.77 

'2.88 
3.20 
2.98 
3.02 

3.02 
3.18 

2.47 
2.50 
2.40 

2.10 
2.05 
2.20 
2.13 
2.37 

3.00 

2.82 
2.90 
3.08 
2.77 

2.44 
2.07 
1.82 
1.62 
1.62 

1.50 
1.42 
1.40 
1.37 
1.44 


1,740 
1,080 
1,310 
1,150 
1,180 

1,180 

1,300 

811 

830 

766 

589 
562 
646 
606 

748 

1,160 
1,040 
1,090 
1,220 
1,000 

792 
573 
447 
359 
359 

310 

280 
273 
263 

288 


1.62 
2.02 
1.82 
1.70 
1.62 

1.62 
1.52 
1.72 
1.47 
L62 

1.64 
1.82 
1.40 
1.44 
1.34 

1.32 
1.46 
1.17 
1.07 
.97 

.87 
.87 
.87 
.84 
.82 

.82 

.82 
.87 
.84 
.74 
.67 


359 
546 
447 
393 
359 

359 
318 
402 
299 
359 

367 
447 
273 
288 
253 

247 
295 
201 
174 
149 

127 
127 
127 
120 
116 

116 
116 
127 
120 
101 
89 


0.64 
.62 

.57 

'fe.'62" 
.70 

.72 
.84 

1.07 
1.27 
1.10 
1.20 
2.80 

3.74 
2.94 
2.92 
2.42 
2.04 

1.82 
1.64 
1.54 
1.44 
1.37 

1.32 
1.32 
1.32 
1.30 
1.22 
1.22 


84 
81 
74 
71 
68 

68 
68 
77 
81 
100 

150 
200 
181 
209 
1,020 

1,720 

1,120 

1,100 

779 

557 

447 
367 
326 
288 
263 

247 
247 
247 
240 
215 
215 


1.48 
1.52 
1.72 
1.60 
1.47 

1.44 
1.34 
1.30 
1.24 
1.22 

1.22 

1.27 
1.24 
1.22 
1.20 

1.14 
1.10 
1.07 
1.07 
1.06 

1.07 

1.07 

1.00 

.92 

.87 

1.34 
1.52 
1.62 
1.62 
1.57 


303 
318 
402 
350 
299 

288 
253 
240 
221 
215 

215 
231 
221 
215 
209 

192 
181 
174 
174 
171 

174 
174 
156 
138 
127 

253 
318 
359 
359 
338 


1.50 
1.42 
1.32 
1.22 
1.22 

1.44 
1.12 
1.12 
1.12 
1.08 

1.06 
1.02 
1.02 
1.02 
1.02 

1.02 
1.02 

.87 
.64 

.74 

.77 
.64 
.62 
.62 
.62 

.62 
.70 
.62 
.62 
.52 
.52 


310 
280 
247 
215 
215 

192 

187 
187 
187 
176 

171 
161 
161 
161 
161 

161 
161 
127 

84 
101 

107 

84 
81 
81 
81 

81 
94 
81 
81 
67 
67 


0.52 
.52 
.60 
.62 
.62 


67 
67 

78 
81 


2 






3 






4 






5 






81 


6 


5.45 
5.32 
5.92 
5.95 

4.78 

4.28 
4.22 
4.32 
4.78 
5.35 

5.08 
5.25 
5.67 
5.70 
5.85 

5.65 
4.92 
4.45 
4.35 
4.35 

4.45 
4.05 
3.80 
3.65 
3.28 
2.98 


3,080 
2,980 
3, 460 
3,480 
2,540 

2,140 
2, 100 
2,180 
2,540 
3,000 

2,780 
2,920 
3,260 
3,280 
3,400 

3,240 
2,660 
2,280 
2,200 
2,200 

2,280 
1,960 
1,760 
1,650 
1,370 
1,150 


7 






8 






9 






10 






11 






12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean dis- 
charge . . 




2,534 




798 




252 




352 




242 




147 




74.8 



a Water was diverted from the river above the gage by ditch from about May 20 to Oct. 10, 1911. Five 
discharge measurements of the ditch, made during the summer, show an average of 22 second-feet, which 
probably does not vary far from the average diversion for the summer. That amount should be added 
to the above discharges during the diversion period to obtain the natural flow of the river. The discharges 
are well defined below 1,500 second-feet. 

b From Aug. 5 to 14^ 1911, a fish trap below the gage caused backwater. During that period the discharges 
were determined by mdirect methods. Ice went out May 6; river frozen over after Nov. 5, 1911. 



TDLOVANA EIVER DRAINAGE BASIIST. 



291 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in secoiid-feet, of Chataniha River below Poher 

Creek for 1907-1912— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


• 1912.a 
1 






2.90 
2.80 
2.75 
2.70 
2.55 

2.45 
2.40 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 

2.30 
2.40 
2.40 
2.50 
2.65 

2.60 
2.50 
2.00 
2.60 
2.60 

2.70 
2.60 
2.55 
2.55 
2.55 

2.55 
2.70 
2.95 
3.10 
3.00 
2.75 


330 
293 
276 
259 
214 

188 
176 
153 
153 
153 

153 
176 
176 
200 
244 

228 
200 
214 

228 
228 

259 
228 
214 
214 
214 

214 
259 
351 
419 
372 
276 


2. GO 
2.55 
2.60 
2.55 
2.50 

2.50 

2.85 
3.00 
2.70 
2.60 

2.70 
2.90 
2.85 
2.70 
2.70 

2.60 
2.55 
2.50 
2.40 
2.40 

2.35 
2.35 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 

2.40 
2.50 
2.55 
2.55 
2.50 
2.50 


228 
214 
228 
214 
200 

200 
312 
372 
259 

228 

259 
330 
312 
259 
259 

228 
214 
200 
176 
176 

164 
164 
153 
153 
153 

176 
200 
214 
214 
200 
200 


2.45 
2.50 
2.55 
2.70 
2.70 

2.70 
2.70 
2.60 
2.60 
2.55 

2.55 
2.50 
2.50 
2.45 
2.50 

2.60 
2.80 
3.25 
3.20 
3.20 

3.80 
3.50 
3.25 
3.20 
3.00 

2.85 
2.80 
2.80 
2.75 
2.70 


188 
200 
214 
259 
259 

259 
259 
228 
228 
214 

214 
200 
200 
188 
200 

228 
293 
498 
470 
470 

850 
650 
498 
470 
372 

312 
293 
293 
276 
259 


2.70 
2.65 
2.60 
2.55 
2.60 

2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.55 
2.50 

2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.40 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.40 
2.35 

2.35 
2.35 
2.30 
2.20 
2.20 

2.20 


259 


2 






244 


3 






228 


4 






214 


5 






228 


6 






228 


7 






228 


8 


1 


228 


9 


1 


214 


10 


f 


200 


11 






200 


12 






200 


13 


4.2 

3.75 

3.40 

3.75 

4.3 

3.6 

6.8 

5.9 

4.3 

3.85 

5.9 

6.7 

5.4 

5.0 

4.4 

3.8 

3.40 

3.10 


1,140 
815 

585 

815 
1,220 

715 
3,450 
2,580 

1,220 
885 
2,580 
3,350 
2,130 

1,780 

1,300 

850 

585 

419 


200 


14 


176 


15 


176 


16 


176 


17 


176 


18 


176 




176 


20 


164 


21 


164 




164 


23 


153 




132 


25 


132 


26 


132 


27 




28 













30 


















1 












1,468 ' 

B 1 


234 
A 




221 
A 


........ 


318 

A 


191 


Accuracy 




A 









a A ditch diverted water from the river above the gage from about May 15 to Sept. 30, 1912. The mean 
of five discharge measurements made during the summer was 26 second-feet. That was probably about 
the average diversion for the season and should be added to the above discharges to obtain the natural 
flow of the river. The discharges are well defined below 1,200 second-feet. Ice formed 3 feet from shore 
at gage Oct. 18; river frozen over Oct. 27, 1912. 

CHATANIKA DITCH NEAR OUTLET. 

The Chatanika ditch, was constructed during the spring and summer 
of 1909 and put into use July 5, 1909. It diverts water from Chatan- 
ika River above Pilot Creek and passes along the south side of the 
valley for about 5 miles to the town of Chatanika. It furnishes 
sluicing water for the mines on lower Cleary Creek and the adjoining 
Chatanika flats. It has a capacity of about 35 second-feet. 

A gage was installed near the outlet on June 24, 1910, and daily 
records were kept until September 27. Daily discharges are pub- 
lished for that period. The channel shifted a little during the summer 
and backwater on the gage was affected at times by a waste gate 
below. No daily records are available for 1909, 1911, or 1912. 
Estimates of the discharge during those years must depend entirely 
on miscellaneous measurements. 



292 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 
Discharge measurements of Chatanika ditch near outlet in 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1910. 
May 18.. 
July 1... 
Aug. 4.., 

25.. 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


3.18 


37 


3.02 


31 


3.10 


24 


3.12 


25 



Date. 



1911. 
June 19.. 

30.. 
July 1.. 



Aug. 7. 



height. 



Feet. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
24 
21 
20 
26 
23 
16.8 



Date. 



1912. 
June 13... 

14... 

20... 
July 29... 
Aug. 11... 



height. 



Feet. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 

21 

24 

14.5 
- 36 

33 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Chatanika ditch near outlet 

for 1910. 

[Observer, Dan McPherson,] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






3.00 
3.00 
2.97 


30 

29 

28 



27 

29 
29 
30 

28 
28 

26 
26 
26 
28 

27 

26 
27 
27 
27 
29 

26 
25 
26 
24 

27 

26 
26 
25 
26 
25 
26 


3.11 
3.12 
3.10 
3.10 
3.09 

3.12 
3.10 
3.13 
3.15 
3.12 

3.13 
3.12 
3.08 
3.10 
3.12 

3.13 
3.14 
3.13 
3.11 
3.14 

3.12 
3.12 
3.12 
3.10 
3.12 

3.10 
3.12 
3.10 
3.10 
3.11 
3.10 


24 
25 
24 

24 
24 

25 
24 
25 
26 
25 

25 
25 
24 
24 
25 

25 
26 
25 
24 
26 

25 
25 
25 
24 
25 

24 
25 
24 
24 
24 
24 


3.10 
3.10 
3.12 
3.11 
3.10 

3.12 
3.12 
3.10 
3.10 
3.12 

3.12 
3.12 
3.10 
3.12 
3.15 

3.12 
3.14 
3.12 
3.08 
3 12 

3.12 
3.10 
3.10 
3.10 

O.IO 

3.11 
3.10 


24 


2 






24 


3 






25 


4 






24 


5 






2.90 

3.02 
3.01 
3.05 
2.98 
2.97 

3.02 
3.02 
3.01 
3.08 
3.04 

3.02 
3.05 
3.04 
3.05 
3.10 

3.10 
O.06 
3.10 
8.05 
3.12 

3.10 
3.10 
3.08 
3.09 
3.06 
3.10 


24 


6 






25 


7 






25 


8 






24 


9 






24 


10 






25 


11 






25 


12 






25 


13 






24 


14 






25 


15 






26 


16 






25 


17 






26 


18 






25 


19 






24 


20 






25 


21 






25 


22 






24 


23 


3.05 
3.05 
3.05 

3.10 
3.00 
3.05 
3.10 
3.05 


31 
31 
31 

33 
30 
31 
33 
31 


24 


24 


24 


25 


24 


26 


24 


27 


24 


28 




29 .- 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




31 
C 




26 
C 




25 
C 




25 


Accuracy 




c 









Note. — Rating curve poorly defined. Shifting channel from July 2-31. Discharges applied indirectly 
during that period. 

SMITH CREEE ABOVE POOL CREEK. 

A gage was installed on Smith Creek, about 100 feet above Pool 
Creek, on June 16, 1911, and daily records were kept until September 
16. The relation between gage height and discharge probably 
changed somewhat during the summer, but the discharge measure- 
ments are insufficient to determine the amount. These records in 
comparison with those of Pool Creek are of particular interest in 



TOLOVAKA EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



293 



showing the difference in run-off per unit of area that may be expected 
in adjoining basins. 

Discharge measurements of Smith Creeh above Pool Creek in 1907-8 and 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1907. 
July 14... 



1908. 
July 13... 

14... 
Aug. 30... 
Sept. 1... 



Gage I Dis- 
height. j charge. 



Feet. 



Sec.-ft. 
5.4 



11.0 

9.3 

14.2 

20.5 



Date. 



1910. 
July 10.. 
Aug. 1 . . 



1911. 
June 16.. 
July 15.. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



3.22 

2.78 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
5.4 
7.3 



17.5 
3.8 



Date. 



1911— Contd. 

Aug. 4 

12 



1912. 
July 23.. 



Gage 
heignt. 



Feet. 
2.64 
2.70 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
1.9 
3.5 



3.6 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Smith C^eek above Pool Creek 

for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 17.0 square miles. Observer, George Loper.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






3.20 
3.20 
3.50 
3.40 
3.50 

3.25 
3.40 
3.20 
2.95 

2.85 

2.85 
2.85 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 

2.80 
2.75 
2.75 
2.75 
2.75 

2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 

2.70 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 


16.8 
16.8 
28 
24 

28 

18.6 

24 

16.8 
8.9 
6.2 

6.2 
6.2 
4.9 
4.9 
4.9" 

4.9 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 

2.8 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 


2.65 
2.65 
2.60 
2.65 
2.65 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.70 

2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.75 
4.05 

3.45 
3.50 
3.20 
3.10 
3.00 

2.96 
2.95 
2.90 
2.85 
2.85 

2.80 
2.85 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 


2.1 
2.1 
1.4 
2.1 
2.1 

2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

2.8 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
3.8 
50 

26 

28 

16.8 

13.5 

10.3 

8.9 
8.9 
7.5 
6.2 
6.2 

4.9 
6.2 
4.9 
4.9 
4.9 
4.9 


2.85 
2.90 

2.85 
2.85 
2.85 

2.85 
2.85 
2.85 
2.85 
2.80 

2.80 
2.80 
2.75 
2.70 
2.80 

2.80 


6.2 


2 






7.5 


3 






6 2 


4 






6 2 


5 






6 2 


6 






6.2 


7 






6.2 


8 






6 2 


9 






6 2 


10 






4.9 


11 






4 9 


12 






4 9 


13 






3 8 


14 






2 8 


15 






4 9 


16 


3.20 
3.40 
3.20 
3.20 
3.10 

3.10 
3.00 
2.90 
2.95 
2.90 

2.85 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
3.05 


16.8 

24 

16.8 

16.8 

13.5 

13.5 

10.3 

7.5 

8.9 

7.5 

6.2 
4.9 
4.9 
4.9 
11.9 


4 9 


17 




18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




11.2 
0.659 

0.37 
24 
4.9 
C 




8.47 
0.498 

0.57 
28 
2.1 
C 




7.94 
0.467 

0.54 
50 
1.4 
C 




5.51 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.324 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




0.20 


Maximum 




7.5 


Minimum 




2.8 


Accuracy 




c 









294 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TAE-AITA REGION", ALASKA. 



POOL CREEK AT MOUTH. 



This station was established June 16, 1911. The gage was first 
installed about 50 feet above Smith Creek and daily records were kept 
until July 5, when the gage was taken out by high water. It was 
replaced July 15 about 100 feet above its first location. The gage 
heights at the different sections are not directly comparable. 

Discharge measurements of Pool Creek at mouth in 1907-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1907. 
July 14 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
2.4 

15.4 
11.0 
12.3 


1909. 
Jtme 27 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
32 
10.6 

4.8 
8.8 


1911. 

June 16 

July 15 

Aug. 4 

12 

1912. 
July 23 


Feet. 
2.77 
2.76 
2.60 
2.63 


Sec.-ft. 
36 






Aug. 16 




5.8 


1908. 
July 12 


1910. 
July 10 




1.5 
2.2 


13 






14 




Aug. 1 














5.9 











Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Pool Creek at mouth for 1911. 
[Drainage area, 14 square miles. Observer, George Loper.J 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






2.70 
2.80 
2.80 
2.70 
2.90 


32 
38 
38 
32 
45 

32 
45 
32 
18 
15 

9 
8 
7 
6 
5.6 

4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

4.0 
4.0 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 

2.8 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 


2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 

2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.65 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.70 
4.00 

3.40 
3.45 
3.15 
3.05 
2.95 

2.90 
2.90 
2.85 
2.80 
2.80 

2.75 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 
2.80 


1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 

1.5 
1.5 
1.5 

1.5 
2.8 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
4.0 

77 

38 

41 

23 

17.6 

13.1 

10.9 

10.9 

9.0 

7.2 

7.2 

5.6 
7.2 
7.2 
7.2 
7.2 
7.2 


2.80 
2.85 
2.80 
2.80 
2.75 

2.85 
2.85 
2.80 
2.80 
2.75 

2.75 
2.75 
2.70 
2.70 
2.80 

2.80 


7.2 


2 






9.0 


3 






7.2 


4 






7.2 


5 






5.6 


6 






9.0 


7 








9.0 


8 








7.2 


9 








7.2 


10 








5.6 


n. . . 








5.6 


12 








5.6 


13. 








4.0 


14 








4.0 


15 






2.75 

2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 

2.70 
2.70 
2.65 
2.65 
2.65 

2.65 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 


7.2 


16 


2.75 
2.80 
2.70 
2.70 
2.60 

2.50 
2.40 
2.50 
2.50 
2.45 

2.50 
2.45 
2.40 
2.40 
2.60 


35 
38 
32 
32 
26 

20 

15.4 

20 

20 

17.7 

20 

17.7 
15.4 
15.4 
26 


7.2 


17 




18 






19 






20 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 . 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




23.4 
1.67 

0.93 

38 
15.4 
D 




13.2 
0.943 

1.09 
45 
1.5 
C 




10.5 
0.750 

0.86 
77 
1.5 
B 




6.74 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.481 


Run-off (depth ia inches on drainage 
area) 




0.29 


Maximum 




9.0 


MinimnTn 




4.0 


Accuracy '. 




A 









Note.— Discharges from June 16 to July 5 are based on daily gage readings and one discharge measure- 
ment and adjusted by comparison with records in adjacent basins. They are therefore only approximate. 
The discharge rating curve for the period from July 15 to September 16 is well defined below 10 second-feet 
The discharges from July 6 to 14 were determined by comparative records. 



TOLOVANA KIVER DEAINAGE BASIN. 



295 



FAITH CREEK AT MOTJTH. 

A gaging weir was established on Faith Creek at its mouth June 20, 
1907, by the Chatanika Ditch Co., and records were kept until Sep- 
tember 4, 1907. 

On June 16, 1911, a gage was installed near the original location 
of the weir and gage readings were taken twice a day during a part 
of the open season of 1911 and 1912. The datum of the gage remained 
constant. 

The conditions at the station were favorable for accuracy, and the 
records for all discharges below 400 second-feet should be excellent. 

Discharge measurements of Faith Creeh at mouth in 1908-9 and 1911-12. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
July 12 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
67 
78 
68 

151 

148 


1909— Contd. 
Aug. 17 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 

88 

314 
35 
15.2 

48 


1912. 
June 10 

26 

July 23 

Ai]g. 16 


Feet. 
2.82 
3.17 
2.59 
2.70 


Sec.-ft. 
70 


13 





1911. 

June 16 

July 14 

Aug. 4 

12 


3.70 
2.59 
2.32 

2.68 


160 


14 




44 


1909. 
June 6 




56 


26 













Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Faith Creeh near mouth for 1907. 
[Elevation, 1,375 feet; drainage area, 51 square miles.] 



1. 

2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 

6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 



Day. 



Jime. 



44.7 



July. 



32.6 
28.5 
26.4 
24.8 
22.1 

21.6 
22.0 
20.8 
20.1 
19.2 

21.0 
20.5 
20.1 
21.0 
20.9 

21.7 
35.3 
35.0 
62.5 
43.9 



Aug. 



36.4 
41.1 
35.9 
34.7 
42.5 



40. 
87. 
62. 
52. 
44. 

39. 
35. 
42. 
35. 
33. 

34. 
30. 
30. 
28. 
27. 



Sept. 



59.0 
52.5 
50.2 
66.4 



Day. 



21 


44.7 


22 


42.8 


23 


39.3 


24 


38.8 


25 


35.3 


26 


36.5 


27 


34.4 


28 


45.9 


29 


43.6 


30 


36.8 


31 





Mean dis- 
charge... 
Second-feet per 

square mile 

Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 



June. 



40.5 
0.795 

0.32 



July. 



38.6 
31.4 
25.5 
28.8 
26.4 

61.0 
42.0 
28.4 
30.6 
26.7 
25.0 



29.2 
0.572 

0.66 



Aug. 



26.9 
44.2 
39.4 
49.8 
62.8 

82.6 
69.3 
62.6 
70.5 
72.5 
67.8 



47.5 
0.932 

1.07 



Sept. 



Note.— These discharges were measured by weir and were furnished by the Chatanika Ditch Co. 



296 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAKAKA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Faith Creek at mouth for 1911-12. 
[Drainage area, 51 square miles. Observer, George Loper.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1911. 
1 






3.20 
3.10 
3.30 
3.05 
2.92 

2.88 
2.92 
2.82 

2.78 
2.68 

2. GO 
2.65 
2.62 
2.58 
2.55 

2.58 
2.58 
2.58 
2.55 
2.50 

2.48 
2.45 
2.45 
2.42 
2.40 

2.40 
2.40 
2.38 
2.35 
2.35 
2.35 


139 
115 
167 
105 

81 

74 
81 
65 
59 

47 

37 
43 
39 
35 
32 

35 
35 
35 
32 

28 

26 
24 
24 
22 
20 

20 

20 

18.8 

17.0 

17.0 

17.0 


2.35 
2.35 
2.35 
2.32 
2.30 

2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.40 

2.80 
2.70 
2.60 
2.62 
4.60 

3.52 
3.52 
3.25 
3.02 
2.92 

2.82 
2.75 
2.72 
2.70 
2.70 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 


17.0 
17.0 
17.0 
15.2 
14.0 

14.0 
14.0 
14.0 
14.0 
20 

62 
49 
37 
39 
750 

243 
243 
153 

99 

81 

65 
56 
52 
49 
49 

43 
43 
43 
37 
37 
37 


2.62 
2.70 
2.65 
2.65 
2.60 

2.65 
2.65 
2.65 
2.60 
2.60 

2.60 
2.60 
2.58 
2.55 
2.55 

2.55 
2.55 
2.52 
2.50 
2.50 

2.50 
2.50 
2.52 
2.55 


39 


2 






49 


3 






43 


4 






43 


5 






37 


6 






43 


7 






43 


8 






43 


9 . 






37 


10 






37 


11 






37 


12 






37 


13 






35 


14 






32 


15 






32 


16 


3.95 
4.00 
3.70 
3.80 
3.70 

3.65 
3.45 
3.40 
3.30 
3.20 

3.10 
3.12 
3.00 
2.90 
2.92 


422 
444 
313 
355 
313 

293 
218 
200 
167 
139 

115 

120 

95 

77 
81 


32 


17 


32 


18 


30 




28 


20 


28 


21 


28 




28 


23 


30 




32 


25 




26 






27 






28 












30 


























223 
4.37 

2.44 

444 
77 
B 




48.7 
0.955 

1.10 
167 
17.0 
A 




78.2 
1.53 

1.76 
750 
14.0 
B 




35.6 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.698 


area) 




0.61 






49 


MiQitnum 




28 


Accuracy 




A 









TOLOVANA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 



297 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Faith Creek at mouth for 

1911-12— QontinMQdi. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
heiglit. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






3.70 
4.60 
4.25 
3.50 
3.15 

3.05 
2.92 
2.90 

2.88 
2.82 

2.70 
3.00 
3.38 
3.28 
3.10 

3.32 
3.12 
3.05 
4.15 
3.45 

3.15 
3.10 
3.90 
3.50 
3.48 

3.22 
3.08 
2.95 
2.82 
2.78 


334 
780 
589 
254 
142 

118 
91 

87 
84 
73 

56 
107 
210 
177 
129 

190 
134 
118 
538 
236 

142 
129 
421 
254 
247 

160 

125 

97 

73 

67 


2.72 
2.70 
2.72 
2.68 
2.60 

2.60 
2.55 
2.55 
2.52 
2.50 

2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
2.72 
2.65 

2.58 
2.58 
2.58 
2.52 
2.58 

2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.55 
2.52 

2.70 
3.05 
3.28 
3.12 

2.85 
2.80 


59 

56 
59 
54 
44 

44 
39 
39 
36 
34 

34 
34 
34 
59 
50 

42 
42 
42 
36 
42 

44 
44 
44 
39 
36 

56 
118 
177 
134 

78 
70 


2.72 
2.68 
2.65 
2.65 
2.62 

2.60 
2.85 
2.82 
2.72 
2.70 

2.80 
2.92 
2.82 
2.75 
2.72 

2.70 
2.65 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 

2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.62 

2.68 
2.72 
2.70 
2.70 
2.68 
2.65 


59 
54 
50 
50 
46 

44 
78 
73 
59 
56 

70 
91 
73 
63 
59 

56 
50 
44 
44 
44 

44 
44 
44 
44 
46 

54 
59 
56 
56 
54 
50 


2.65 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.75 

2.72 
2.70 
2.70 
2.70 
2.65 

2.65 
2.60 
2.60 
2.60 
2.65 

2.70 
2.82 
2.88 
3.02 
3.02 

3.00 
2.90 
2.82 
2.80 
2.80 

2.78 
2.75 
2.75 

2.78 
2.80 


50 


2 






56 


3 






56 


4 






56 


5 






63 


6 






59 


7 






56 


8 






56 


9 






56 


10 






50 


11 






50 


12 






44 


13 






44 


14 






44 


15 


3.50 

3.70 
3.60 
3.70 
3.48 
3.38 

3.35 
3.25 
3.80 
3.20 
3.12 

3.10 
3.05 
3.38 
3.70 
3.25 
3.60 


254 

334 
293 
334 
247 
210 

200 
168 
377 
154 
134 

129 
118 
210 
334 
168 
293 


50 


16 


56 


17 


73 


18 


84 


19 


111 


20 


111 


21 


107 


22 


87 


23 


73 


24 


70 


25 


70 


26 


67 


27 


63 


28 


63 


29 


67 


30 


70 


31 












Mean discharge. 




233 
4.57 

2.89 
377 
118 

B 




205 
4.02 

4.48 
780 
56 
B 




55.5 
1.09 

1.26 
177 
34 
A 




55.3 
1.08 

1.24 
91 

44 
A 


-=. 


65 4 


Second-feet per 
square mile 




1.28 


Run-off (depth in 
inches on dratnage 
area ) 




1.43 


Maximum 




111 


Minimum 




44 


Accuracy 




A 









CHARITY CREEK ABOVE HOMESTAKE CREEK. 

A gage was installed on Chanty Creek a short distance above 
Homestake Creek on May 26, 1910. The discharge rating curves 
were not very well defined because of shifting channel and insufficient 
measurements. The relation of gage height to discharge in 1910 
was not the same as in 1912. 

Discharge measurements of Charity Creek above Homestake Creek in 1910-1912. 



Date. 



1910 
May 26.. 
June 11.. 
July 11.. 

30.. 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 


3.28 


22 


3.66 


41 


3.11 


3.5 


3.14 


4.6 



Date. 



1911. 
June 14.. 
July 10.. 
Aug. 3.. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
35 
5.5 
2.1 



Date. 



1912. 
June 9 . . 
July 24.. 
Aug. 16.. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 
2.29 
2.06 
2.10 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
8.6 
3.4 
4.4 



298 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOK-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Charity Creek above HomestaJce 

Creek for 1910 and 1912. 

[Observers: E,. C. Hall, 1910; George Laughlin, 1912.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1910. 
1 








60 
42 

77 
44 
41 

32 
27 

42 
55 

77 

41 








4.0 
3.8 
3.6 
3.4 
3.2 

3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 

3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.1 
3.0 

6.0 

9.0 

12.0 

17.9 


3.35 

""'3.'30" 
3.35 

"'3."20" 
"3.'26' 


14.8 


2 






3.50 
3.75 








13.3 


3 












11.8 


4 












14.8 


5 














13.5 


6 












3.10 


12.0 


7 












10.0 


8 














9.0 


9 












3.i6 


8.0 


10 












7.0 


11..... 






3.66 


3.11 


3.6 
3.5 
3.4 
3.3 
3.2 

3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 

5.1 
5.1 
7.2 
9.4 
8.0 

7.0 
6.0 
4.0 
3.2 
5.1 
4.3 


""i'io' 

""3." 40' 


7.0 


12 






7.0 


13 












7.0 


14 












7.0 


15 












7.0 


16 










3.10 


7.0 


17 










7.0 


18 












7.0 


19 












7.0 


20 












7.0 


21 










3.15 






3.20 


7.0 


22 














7.0 


23 


















7.0 


24 










3.25 








7.0 


25 
















7.0 


26 


3.28 
3.28 
3.40 
3.52 


22 
22 
■ 32 
44 
60 
77 














7.0 


27 














7.0 


28 












3.20 


7.0 


29 






3.10 
3.15 
3.13 








30 














31 


3.75 




























Mean discharge. 




42.8, 
D 


:::::::: 


48.9 
D 




4.64 
B 




4.98 
B 





8.58 






B 









Note.— Discharge on days of missing gage height determined by comparative hydrographs. 



TOLOVANA EIVER DEAIKAGE BASIN. 



299 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Charity Creeh above Homestahe 

Creek for 1910 and i9i^— Continued. 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






2.23 
2.22 
2.21 
2.20 
2.18 

2.16 
2.14 
2.12 
2.12 
2.11 

2.15 
2.13 
2.12 
2.11 
2.10 

2.11 
2.13 
2.14 
2.13 
2.15 

2.14 
2.10 
2.11 
2.07 
2.07 

2.14 
2.17 
2.18 
2.15 
2.13 
2.12 


7.0 
6.7 
6.5 
6.2 
5.8 

5.4 
5.0 
4.6 
4.6 
4.4 

5.2 

4.8 
4.6 
4.4 
4.2 

4.4 
4.8 
5.0 
4.8 
5.2 

5.0 
4.2 
4.4 
3.7 
3.7 

5.0 
5.6 

5.8 
5.2 

4.8 
4.6 


2.12 
2.11 
2.11 
2.08 
2.07 

2.07 
2.10 
2.10 
2.08 
2.08 

2.22 
2.15 
2.13 
2.12 
2.11 

2.11 
2.10 
2.09 
2.08 
2.08 

2.09 
2.08 
2.10 
2.10 
2.09 

2.11 
2.10 
2.11 
2.10 
2.10 
2.09 


4.6 
4.4 
4.4 
3.9 
3.7 

3.7 
4.2 
4.2 
3.9 
3.9 

6.7 
5.2 
4.8 
4.6 
4.4 

4.4 
4.2 
4.0 
3.9 
3.9 

4.0 
3.9 
4.2 
4.2 
4.0 

4.4 
4.2 
4.4 
4.2 
4.2 
4.0 


2.12 
2.14 
2.16 
2.17 
2.18 

2.19 
2.16 
2.16 
2.14 
2.13 


4.6 


2 






5.0 


3 






" 5.4 


4 






5.6 


5 






5.8 


6 






6.0 


7 






5.4 


8 






5.4 


9 


2.30 
2.27 

2.23 
2.30 
2.35 
2.30 
2.36 

2.50 
2.41 
2.30 
2.70 
2.48 

2.40 
2.38 
3.00 
2.60 
2.50 

2.46 
2.37 
2.30 
2.28 
2.26 


8.9 
8.1 

7.0 
8.9 

10.8 
8.9 

11.1 

17.6 
13.1 
8.9 
32 
16.6 

12.6 

11.9 

60 

24 

17.6 

15.6 

11.5 

8.9 

8.4 

7.8 


5.0 


10 


4.8 


11 




12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 












19 












21 






22 












24 












26 






27 












29 












31 
















Mean discharge 




15.0 
60 
7.0 
C 




5.02 
7.0 
3.7 

A 




4.28 
6.7 
3.7 
A 




5.30 






6.0 


Minimum .- 




4.6 






A 









Note. — Discharges well defined below 10 second-feet. 



HOMESTAKE CREEK AT MOUTH. 



This station was established May 26, 1910. The gage was located 
about 1,000 feet above the mouth of Homestake Creek, at a short dis- 
tance below a hydraulic plant that was in operation in 1910. The 
elevation of the gage remained constant. The channel appeared to 
be permanent. The relation between gage height and discharge 
might have been sUghtly affected during low water by deposits of 
silt from the mine above, but these deposits were removed by even a 
small increase in discharge, so it is not thought that any material 
error has been introduced thereby. No hydrauHcking was done in 
1912, so that the records for that year were not subject to silt effects. 
The results are believed to be fairly good. 



300 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAI^AITA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Homestake Creeh at mouth in 1909-1912. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
June 26 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
16.4 

7.7 

14.2 
33 

.67 


1911. 

June 14 

July 16 

Aug. 3 


Feet. 
3.44 
2.70 
2.55 


Sec.-ft. 
42 
2.4 
1.1 


1912. 

June 9 

July 24 

Aug. 16 


Feet. 
2.89 
2.59 
2.76 


Sec.-ft. 
6.7 


Aug. 16 




1.3 


1910. 

May 26 

June 11 

July 11 


3.08 
3.24 
2.41 


3.7 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of HomestaJce Creeh near mouth 

for 1910 and 1912. 

[Drainage area, 5.6 square miles. Observers: Albert Carruthers, 1910; George Laughlin, 1912.] 





May. 


June. 


July. 


Day. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


Day. 


4J 

'S 

O 


6 

S 


-1-5 

"S) 

03 
O 


03 

s 


•4-3 

03 
O 


6 

•§ 

s 


3 


rd 


-l-a 


s 


t 

53 

03 
O 


o 


1910. 
1 






3.34 
3.29 
3.34 
3.22 
3.29 

3.14 
3.10 
3.06 
3.28 
3.44 

3.30 
3.10 
2.98 
2.91 
2.90 

2.98 
2.92 

2.88 
2.88 
2.89 


42 
35 
42 
27 
35 

20 

17.4 

15.2 

34 

56 

36 

17.4 

11.0 

8.4 

8.0 

11.0 

8.8 
7.4 

7.4 

7.7 


2.70 
2.68 
2.64 
2.62 
2.69 

2.67 


3.0 
2.8 
2.3 
2.0 
2.9 

2.6 


1910— Con. 
21 






3.25 
3.16 

2.98 
2.93 
2.81 

2.78 
2.76 
2.76 

2.78 
2.78 


30 

22 

11.0 
9.1 
5.3 

4.6 

4.2 
4.2 
4.6 
4.6 






2 






22 










3 






23 










4 






24 










5 






25 










6 






26 


3.08 
3.39 
3.32 
3.24 
3.34 
3.40 


16.3 

49 

39 

29 

42 

50 






7 






27 






8 










28 






9 










29 






10 










30 
















31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 










12 












37.6 
6.71 

1.50 
50 
16.3 
C 




18.2 
3.25 

3.63 
56 

4.2 
B 






13 










2 93 


14 










Second -feet 
per square 
mile 






15 






















523 


16 


Run-off 
(depth la 
laches on 
d r aiaage 
area) . . . 






17 












18 . .. 












19 












20 










0.12 












Maximum . . 




3.0 




Minimum. . 
Accuracy 




2.0 
B 











TOLOVANA EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



301 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Homestake Creek near mouth 

for 1910 and iPi;?— Continued. 





Jime. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1912. 
1 






2.80 
2.76 
2.73 
2.71 
2.70 

2.68 
2.67 
2.65 
2.63 
2.63 

2.65 
2.63 
2.62 
2.62 
2.62 

2.63 
2.64 
2.65 
2.64 
2.67 

2.66 
2.62 
2.63 
2.59 
2.59 

2.68 
2.72 
2.80 
2.76 
2.72 
2.70 


4.4 
3.6 
3.1 
2.7 
2.5 

2.3 
2.2 
2.0 
1.7 
1.7 

2.0 
1.7 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 

1.7 
1.8 
2.0 
1.8 
2.2 

2.1 
1.6 
1.7 
1.3 
1.3 

2.3 
2.9 
4.4 
3.6 
2.9 
2.5 


2.70 
2.68 
2.67 
2.66 
2.65 

2.65 
2.68 
2.68 
2.67 
2.67 

2.82 
2.78 
2.76 
2.74 

2.74 

2.76 
2.77 
2.75 
2.73 
2.72 

2.74 
2.72 
2.74 
2.74 
2.72 

2.75 
2.74 
2.76 
2.74 
2.72 
2.70 


2.5 
2.3 
2.2 
2.1 
2.0 

2.0 
2.3 
2.3 
2.2 
2.2 

4.9 
4.0 
3.6 
3.3 
3.3 

3.6 
3.8 
3.4 
3.1 
2.9 

3.3 
2.9 
3.3 
3.3 
2.9 

3.4 
3.3 
3.6 
3.3 
2.9 
2.5 


2.75 
2.77 
2.80 
2.82 
2.83 

2.82 
2.78 
2.77 
2.76 
2.75 


3.4 


2 






3.8 


3 






4.4 


4 






4.9 


5 






5.2 


6 






4.9 


7 






4.0 


8 






3.8 


9 


2.90 
2.86 

2.82 
3.02 
3.00 
2.94 
2.98 

3.00 
2.94 
2.90 
3.40 
3.10 

3.00 
3.00 
3.50 
3.25 
3.11 

3.02 
2.94 
2.90 
2.84 
2.82 


6.9 
5.9 

4.9 

11.1 

10.2 

8.2 

9.5 

10.2 
8.2 
6.9 

44 
14.8 

10.2 

10.2 

58 

27 

15.5 

11.1 
8.2 
6.9 
5.4 
4.9 


3.6 


10 


3.4 


11 




12 






13 






14 






15 






16 






17 






18 












20 -- 






21 






22 






23 












25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






















Mean discharge 




13.6 
2.43 

1.99 
58 
4.9 
B 





2.28 
0.407 

0.47 
4.4 
1.3 

A 




2.99 
0.534 

0.62 
4.9 
2.0 

A 




4.14 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.739 


Run-oll (depth ia inches on drainage 
area) 




0.27 


Maximum 




5.2 


Minimum 




3.4 


Accviracy 




A 









KOKOMO CREEK ABOVE ALDER CREEK. 



Daily records of water-surface elevations were kept on Kokomo 
Creek from July 9 to August 14, 1907, at the crossing of the Fairbanks- 
Circle winter trail. The discharge rating curve is based on two dis- 
charge measurements made in 1907. It is, however, fairly well 
defined below 30 second-feet. The gage height is the distance from 
the water surface to a nail in an overhanging tree. 

Discharge measurements of Kokomo Creek above Alder Creek in 1907 and 1909-10. 



Date. 



July 9. 
Aug. 14. 



1907 



Gage 
height. 



Feet, 
a -3. 00 
a -2. 70 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
13.9 
22.7 



Date. 



Aug. 18. 



1909. 



Aug. 3. 



1910. 



Gage 
height. 



Feet. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 
12.7 



3.8 



a Distance from water surface to reference point, 



302 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAl^AITA EEGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Kohomo Creek above Alder 

Creek for 1907. 

[Drainage area, 33 square miles.] 





July. 


August. 


Day. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
heignt. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






-10.9 

- 1.2 

- 2.0 

- 2.2 

- 2.4 

- 2.4 

- 2.3 

- 2.4 

- 2.0 

- 2.2 

- 2.4 

- 2.5 

- 2.6 

- 2.7 


233 

107 

58 

46 

36 

36 
41 
36 

58 
46 

36 
31 

26 
22 


21 


-3.0 
-3.1 
-3.2 
-3.0 
-3.1 

-3.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-3.1 
-3.2 
-3.2 


14 
12 
10 
14 
12 

14 
14 
14 
12 
10 
10 






2 






22 






3 


- 




23 






4 


• 




24 






5 






25 






6 






26 






7 






27 






8 






28 






9 


-3.0 
-3.1 

-2.6 
-2.8 
-2.8 
-2.9 
-2.9 

-2.9 
-3.0 
-2.8 
-3.0 
-3.0 


14 
12 

26 
19 
19 
16 
16 

16 
14 
19 
14 
14 


29 






10 


30 








31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge... 






12 




14.6 
0.442 

0.38 
26 
10 

B 






13 


58 


14 


Second-feet per 
square mile 






15 


1 76 


16 






Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 

Maximum 






17 






92 


18 






233 


19 






Minimum 




22 


20 






Accuracy 




D 















MISCELLANEOTTS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made 
in the Chatanika River drainage basin from 1907 to 1912: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Chatanika River drainage basin, 1907-1912. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to— 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 
mUe. 


Aug. 26,1908 
July 13,1907 
Do 


Chatanika River . . . 

McManus Creek 

do 


Tolovana River 

Chatanika River 

do 


Below Murphy 
Creek. 

f mile above Mon- 
tana Creek. 

Below Montana 
Creek. 

1| miles below Idaho 
Creek. 

Above Smith Creek. . 
.... do 


Sec.-ft. 
263 

1.8 

3.8 

6.5 

10.2 

12.4 

36 

67 

52 

29 

7.8 

8.7 
33.8 
27.4 
22.7 
26 
54 
25 

7.7 
77 
33 
12.3 
23 
10.1 

4.5 
24 
20 
23 


Sq. mi. 

814 

8 

10 

26 

42.8 

42.8 

42.8 

42.8 

42.8 

42.8 

34 

34 

34 

34 

34 

34 

34 

34 

17.0 

20.3 

20.3 

20.3 

20.3 

20.3 

20.3 

20.3 

20.3 

20.3 


Sec.-ft. 
0.32 

.16 

.38 


Do 


do 


do 


.25 


July 12,1907 
July 14,1907 
July 14,1908 
June 6, 1909 


do 


.... do 


.24 


....do 


....do 


.29 


.... do 


..., do 


.... do.. 


.86 


.... do 


.... do 


do 


1.57 


June 27,1909 
Aug. 16,1909 
July 12,1907 
July 14,1907 
July 12,1908 
July 13,1908 
July 14,1908 
June 6, 1909 


....do 


do 


do 


1.21 


.... do 


do 


do 


.68 


Smith Creek 

.... do 


McManus Creek. .... 
do 


Mouth 


.23 


do 


.26 


do 


do 


do 


.99 


do 


....do 


do 


.81 


do 


do 


do 


.67 


do 


....do 


do 


.76 


June 27,1909 
Aug. 16,1909 
July 11,1907 
June 26,1909 


....do 


do 


do 


1.59 


....do 


.... do 


do 


.73 


Hope Creek 

do 


Faith Creek 


2 miles above mouth. 
Mouth 


.45 


do 


3.79 


Aug. 16,1909 
Julv 10,1910 


..do 


... do 


.... do 


1.63 


. do 


.. . do 


d© 


.61 


July 31,1910 
July 16,1911 
Aug. 3,1911 
June 10,1912 
July 24,1912 
Aug. 16,1912 


... do 


.... do 


do 


1.13 


.... do 


do 


do 


.50 


do 


.do 


.... do 


.22 


do ... 


do 


.... do 


1.18 


..do 


.... do 


do 


.99 


do 


do 


do 


1.13 



GOLDSTHEAM CREEK DEAINAGE BASIN. 303 

Miscellaneous measurements in Chatanika River drainage basin, 1907-1912 — Continued. 



Date. 



Stream. 



Tributary to- 



Locality. 



Dis- 
charge. 



Drain- 
age 
area. 



Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 



June 26,1909 



Aug. 
July 
June 
Aug. 
July 
Aug. 
July 
July 
Aug. 
July 
Aug. 



16, 1909 
11,1907 
26, 1909 

16. 1909 

10. 1910 
16, 1912 
10, 1910 

13. 1908 

17. 1909 
14,1911 

2, 1910 



Aug. 
July 
Aug. 
Jtme 
July 



Do 

Aug. 17,1909 

2,1910 

15, 1908 

29, 1908 

5. 1909 

8. 1910 
Aug. 17,1909 
Aug. 2, 1910 
Aug. 3, 1910 
Aug. 15,1907 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Aug. 9, 1908 
Jtme 21 
Aug. 10 
14 
9 
27 
30 
9 
10 
5 
10 



Aug. 
July 
July 
July 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



July 9 
Jime 21 
Aug. 10 
Aug. 14 



Aug. 
July 
July 
Aug. 
July 
July 
July 
Aug. 
July 
July 
Aug. 
June 
June 
July 



1912 
1907 
1908 
1911 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1910 
1907 



1911 
1912 
1907 
1908 



1910 
1908 
1909 
1909 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1909 
1908 
1909 
1909 
1907 
1907 
1908 



Charity Creek. 



Faith Creek. 



do 

do 

do 

do 

Deep Creek 

do 

Orphan Boy Creek. 

Sourdough Creek... 

do 

do 

First creek below 
Sourdough Creek 
from right limit. 

Cripple Creek 

Cassia Creek 

do 

Flat Creek 

db 

do 

.....do 

do 

do 

Juniper Creek 

Boston Creek 

McKay Creek 

Crooked Creek 

Belle Creek 

do 

Poker Creek 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Caribou Creek 



do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Chatanika River. 

do 

do 

do 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



....do 

do 

do 

do 

....do 

.....do 

do 

do 

....do 

Poker Creek . 



do 

do 

Little Poker Creek. 
Little Poker and 

Caribou creek 

ditch. 
Poker Creek ditch. . 

Cleary Creek 

do 

do 

do 

Chatham Creek 

do 

do 

Wolf Creek 

do 

do 

Eldorado Creek 

Dome Creek ditch. . 
Murphy Creek 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



Chatanika River . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Cleary Creek 

do 

do 

Chatanika River. 



Aug. 20,1908 



.do. 



Chatanika River . 
do 



Below Homestake 
Creek. 

do 

Mouth 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

1 mile above mouth. . 
Mouth 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



Below Third Pup. . . 

do 

do 

do 

Below First Pup 

do 

Mouth 

1 mile above mouth. . 

do 

do 

do 

Elevation, 1,200 feet. 
Above ditch intake. . 

do 

do 

Above Caribou Creek 

Mouth 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Above Little Poker 
Creek. 

Mouth 

do 

do 

In flume 



Outlet 

Above Wolf Creek . . 

do 

do 

Near Cleary 

Mouth 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Elevation, 930 feet. . 
Claim '< No. 2 below" 
Above M c C 1 u d 

Creek. 
do 



Sec.-ft. 
30 

13.7 
5.7 

37 

16.5 
2.4 
7.6 
1.4 

22.5 

25 
4.5 
L5 



2.8 
2.6 

.72 
2.8 
3.7 
5.1 
LI 
10.0 
3.6 



2.0 
3.9 
3.7 
6.3 

10.0 
L4 

45 

21 
9.3 
7.4 

22 

23 

37 

38 
8.8 

10.4 



5.3 

L6 

L9 

3.7 

2.9 

1.3 
.55 

1.4 
.91 
.71 

L5 
.45 
.84 

1.7 

L3 



Sq. mi. 



Sec.-ft. 



16 
16 
16 
5.1 



12.3 
7.3 
7.3 
7.0 
7.0 
7.0 
7.0 

16.9 

16.9 
8.7 
6.5 
6.2 
7.2 

11.2 
3.0 

18.1 

18.1 

18.1 

24.5 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 



17.7 
17.7 



3.4 
3.4 
3.4 



3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
4.0 



17.0 
17.0 



1.41 

L56 

.28 

.29 



.23 
.36 
.10 
.40 
.53 
.74 
.16 
.59 
.21 
.23 
.60 
.60 
.88 
.91 
.47 
2.49 
1.16 
.51 
.30 
.55 
.58 
.92 
.95 
.22 



.18 
L58 



.47 

.59 

L09 



.43 
.18 
.47 
.24 
.19 
.39 
.11 



.10 
.076 



GOLDSTREAM CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION. 

Goldstream Creek flows southwestward in a narrow, winding course 
between the drainage basin of Chatanika River on the right and those 
of Little Chena and Tanana rivers on the left, paralleling Chatanika 



304 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAN^A EEGION, ALASKA. 

River, which, it enters from the east, and draining the central portion 
of the Fairbanks mining district. It is about 70 miles long and it 
drains an area of about 500 square miles. About 40 miles below its 
source it leaves the dividing ridges and for the remainder of its course 
to the Chatanika flows in a zigzag channel across the soft, mucky 
flats northwest of Tanana River. The stream bed is sandy and shift- 
ing, and the channel is deeply cut in the alluvial soil that forms the 
bottom lands. 

The dividing ridges rise about 1,000 feet above the stream bed and 
are well timbered with spruce and birch. On each side of the stream 
is a narrow lowland, v/ith a gradual slope upward toward the ridges. 
This lowland is everywhere covered with the common moss, and where 
the valley widens, in its lower portion, lakes and swamps are numer- 
ous. This bottom land was once well covered with timber, but this 
has been removed to make way for the railroad and mining enterprises. 
About 12 miles below the source of the river the southern ridge is 
broken by a low saddle, over which the Tanana Valley Railroad from 
Fairbanks enters the mining district. 

The upper portion of the valley is drained by Pedro and Gilmore 
creeks, which unite near Gilmore, about 12 miles north of Fairbanks, 
to form Goldstream Creek. 

Goldstream Creek receives numerous small tributaries from both 
sides. From the right come Fox, Gold Run, Big Eldorado, O'Connor, 
and Cache creeks; from the left. Engineer, Butter, Spear, Nugget, 
Straight, and Allen creeks. Prospecting and more or less mining is 
done on nearly all these creeks. They are from 4 to 12 miles long 
and drain small areas. 

On the upper portion of Goldstream Creek and along Pedro Creek 
several small ditches have been built to divert water for sluicing. 
The largest ditch is owned by the Goldstream Ditch Co. and cost 
about $6,500. It is about 2 miles long and has a fall of about 7 feet 
to the mile. It diverts water from claim '^No. 6 below,'' along the 
left bank of Goldstream Creek, and supplies several mines at the 
rate of $2 per hour per sluice head, which ranges from 60 to 80 miner's 
inches of water. A measurement made June 28, 1907, in the lower 
end of a flume near the intake to this ditch gave a discharge of 10.8 
second-feet. 

GOLDSTREAM CREEK AT CLAIM ^^NO. 6 BELOW." 

A good location for a gaging station could not be found on Gold- 
stream Creek because of the unfavorable condition of the channel and 
the numerous small ditches that divert the flow. A gage was estab- 
lished, however, near the lower line of claim ^'No. 6 below," a short 
distance above the intake of the Goldstream ditch, June 20, 1907, 
and was read twice each day. The water diverted by a smaH ditch, 



GOLDSTEEAM CREEK DEAINAGE BASIN. 



305 



a short distance above the gaging station is not considered in the 
table of estimates. Several measurements made in this ditch gave an 
average discharge of 1.5 second-feet. 

Discharge Tneasurements of Goldstream Creeh at claim "No. 6 below" in 1907. 



Date. 



June 21 . 

28. 




Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Goldstream Creeh at claim. 

"No. 6 below'' for J 907. 

[Drainage area, 28.6 square miles. Observer, John L. Meder.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 




1.30 

1.05 

1.00 

.95 

.80 

.75 
1.15 
1.05 
1.00 

.85 

1.60 
1.55 
1.20 
1.10 
1.65 

1.50 
1.25 
1.15 
1.05 
1.05 

1.00 
.95 
.90 

1.05 
.95 

.95 
.85 
.85 
.80 
.80 
.70 


21 

12.3 

10.8 

9.3 

4.9 

3.6 
15.4 
12.3 
10.8 

6.4 

32 

30 

17.1 

13.8 

34 

28 

18.9 

15.4 

12.3 

12.3 

10.8 
9.3 
7.8 

12.3 
9.3 

9.3 
6.4 
6.4 
4.9 
4.9 
2.2 


1.55 
1.60 
1.30 
1.15 
1.10 

1.15 
1.40 
1.45 
1.35 
1.60 

1.45 
1.15 
1.10 
1.05 
1.05 

1.10 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.10 

1.25 
1.30 
. 1.30 
1.30 
1.25 

1.35 
1.30 
1.35 
1.45 
1.50 
1.50 


30 

32 

21 

15.4 

13.8 

15.4 

24 

26 

22 

32 

26 

15.4 

13.8 

12.3 

12.3 

13.8 
10.8 
10.8 
10.8 
13.8 

18.9 

21 

21 

21 

18.9 

22 
21 
22 
26 
28 
28 


1.25 
1.20 
1.20 
1.25 
1.30 

1.20 
1.20 
1.15 
1.20 
1.15 

1.35 
1.70 
1.70 
1.50 
1.50 

1.80 
1.55 
1.45 
1.30 
1.60 

1.45 
1.40 
1.55 
1.45 
1.40 

1.40 
1.30 
1.25 
1.35 
1.40 


18.9 
17.1 
17.1 
18.9 
21 

17.1 
17.1 
15.4 
17.1 
15.4 

22 
37 
37 

28 
28 

41 
30 
26 
21 
32 

26 
24 
30 
26 
24 

24 

21 

18.9 

22 

24 


1.30 
1.30 
1.40 
1,30 
1.30 

1.30 
1.20 


21 


2 




21 


3 




24 


4 




21 


5 1 




21 


6 




21 


7 1 




17.1 


8 L. 






9 










10 










11 










12 










13 








14 1 








15 1 








16 










17 










18 










19 










20 


1.00 

1.00 
.95 
.80 
.90 
.90 

1.05 
.85 
1.30 
1.55 
1.45 


10.8 

10,8 
9.3 
4.9 

7.8 
7.8 

12.3 
6.4 
21 
30 
26 






21 






22 






23 






24 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 




















Mean discharge. 




13.4 
B 




13.0 
C 




20.0 
C 




23.9 
C 




20.9 


Accuracy 





C 









Note. — These discharges do not include the amount diverted at claim "No. 3 below " by a small ditch, 
carrying from 1 to 1.5 second-feet. The creek was frozen after Oct. 7. 

42913° — wsp 342 — 15 20 



306 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TAl^ANA REGION, ALASKA. 
MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made 
in Goldstream Creek drainage basin from 1907 to 1910: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Goldstream Creek drainage basin, 1907-1910. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to — 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 

square 

mile. 


July 22,1908 
Jivne 29,1910 


Pedro Creek 

do 


Goldstream Creek 

do 


Claim "No. 1 above" . 
Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 
3.2 
6.1 
6.5 
2.0 

.43 
1.2 

.45 


Sg. mi. 
6.3 
14.3 
10.7 
4.1 
4.1 
4.1 
7.4 


Sec.-ft. 

0.51 

.43 


Do 


GUmore Creek. . 


do 


. do 


.61 


July 6, 1907 
Aug. 24, 190S 


Fox Creek 


do 


1 mile above mouth. . . 
....do 


.49 


do 


do 


.10 


June 16, 1909 


do 


do 


.. ..do 


.29 


Aug. 10,1910 


do 


do 


Mouth 


.061 









BAKER CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Baker Creek and its tributaries drain a roughly fan-shaped area 542 
square miles in extent. The greatest width of this basin from east 
to west is 37 miles and its greatest width from north to south 21 
miles. 

The extreme western fork, to which the name Baker Creek is 
applied, heads near SuUivan Creek, on the southeast slope of Roughtop 
Mountain, and flows eastward for about 17 miles. It then makes a 
right-angle turn to the south around the north end of Bean Ridge 
and follows the ridge closely for about 4 miles, when it crosses the 
flat and receives from the east its two larger tributaries, Hutlinana 
and Hutlitakwa creeks, which drain over half its entire basin. It is 
about 28 miles long and enters the Tanana 70 miles from the Yukon. 

The system of main and tributary streams is very asymmetric, 
about 88 per cent of the area lying on the left side. South of the creek 
the country rises abruptly to the summit of Bean Ridge and fur- 
nishes no tributaries of importance. On the north the valley spreads 
out into a broad alluvial flat with a very gradual slope until near the 
head of the tributaries, where it rises abruptly to the summit of the 
divide. 

No pay gravels have yet been found on the main creek, the chief 
producing creeks being Thanksgiving, Glenn, Eureka, and Pioneer. 

The basin as a whole is favored with a relatively abundant and 
diversified growth of timber. In the upper part this growth is small 
but has furnished sufficient supply for fuel and cabins ; on the flats, 
particularly in the lower valley of the Hutlinana, there is considerable 
spruce suitable for milhng. Several sawmills have been in operation 



BAKER CKEEK DRAINAGE BASIK. 307 

during the past two or three winters, but their output has been 
mainly flume lumber. On the slope near Hot Springs there is a 
heavy growth of birch and poplar. 

As above indicated, all tributaries of importance enter from the 
left. In downstream order they are as follows: North Fork of Baker 
Creek, Thanksgiving, Omega, Eureka, and Hutlinana creeks. 

Allen Creek, w^hich enters North Fork of Baker Creek about 2^ 
miles above the mouth of New York Creek, is about 8 miles long. It 
flows southwestward in a winding course between deep-cut mucky 
banks, splitting at many places into several channels, causing numer- 
ous island-hke formations. The banks are hned with an almost 
impenetrable growth of wiUows. The left slope is rocky and barren 
and in some places rises almost vertically from 600 to 800 feet above 
the stream. The right side of the valley, which furnishes the greater 
part of the run-off, slopes gradually to the summit, which is capped 
by rocky chffs. Allen Creek has been considered as a possible auxih- 
ary water supply for the Thanksgiving Creek mines. It was not 
practicable to attempt to get daily records on Allen Creek. A mis- 
ceUaneous measurement was made on August 22, 1908, 5 miles above 
the mouth at an elevation of approximately 900 feet, which would 
be sufficient for a diversion to connect with the Thanksgiving ditch 
at the intake on California Creek. A discharge of 2.7 second-feet 
was obtained, and by comparison with daily records on other streams 
it does not seem to have been a minimum for the season. The gen- 
eral character of ground over which a ditch would have to be built 
is not favorable, and probably considerable flume or pipe would have 
to be used. 

New York Creek rises in a rather low saddle opposite the head- 
waters of Minook Creek and flows southwestward about 10 miles, 
joining the North Fork of Baker Creek about 3 miles below AUen 
Creek. Cahfornia Creek enters New York Creek from the right. 

BAKER CREEK AT ROAD CROSSING. 

This station was established August 6, 1908, on the left bank of 
Baker Creek below Eureka Creek, just above the crossing of the Hot 
Springs-Eureka road. A vertical staff was installed and gage heights 
were recorded until September 30, 1908, but as no measurements 
were obtained at the higher stages daily discharges will not be pub- 
lished. This station was reestabhshed on May 26, 1909, but not 
enough records were obtained to make estimates of daily flow. 

The elevation of Baker Creek at the gaging station is about 350 feet. 
The mean elevation of the mines is roughly estimated at 800 feet, at 
an average distance of about 7 miles. The only method by which 
this water can be conveyed to the mine is by pumping, and it is reported 



308 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKOl^-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

that such a development has been under consideration. It is seen 
that the water must be raised vertically 450 feet through a horizontal 
distance of 7 miles. The expense of installing such a high-power 
pumping plant as would be required in this case, together with the 
high cost of fuel; would be so heavy a tax that its justification is very- 
doubtful. It would require over 80 horsepower for every second-foot 
or about 2 horsepower for every miner's inch of water delivered to 
the mines. 

Discharge measurements of Baker Creeh at road crossing in 1908-9. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Aug. 6.. 


1908. 


Feet. 
1.00 
1.03 
.98 


Sec.-ft. 
41 
44 
43 


May 26.. 
July 21.. 


1909. 


Feet. 


Sec.-ft. 
1,910 


23 






27 


27 


24.. 
Sept. 3.. 






159 










54 











Daily gage height, in feet, of BaJcer Creeh at road crossing for 1908. 
[Drainage area, 232 square miles. Observer, Charles H. Dickson.] 



Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Day. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1 




1.08 
1.20 
1.50 
1.65 
1.48 

1.45 
1.40 
1.40 
1.40 
1.38 


11 


1.00 

1.00 

.95 

.95 

.95 

.95 

.95 

1.00 

1.05 

1.05 


1.30 
1.22 
1.20 
1.20 
1.15 

1.10 
1.10 
1.10 
1.15 
1.22 


21 


1.05 
1.05 
1.05 
1.00 
1.00 

1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 


1.25 


2 




12 


22 


1.32 


3 




13 


23 


1.32 


4 




14 


24 


1.30 


5 




15 


25 


1.20 


6 


1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 


16 


26 


1.18 


7 


17 


27 


1.15 


8 


18 


28 


1.10 


9 


19 


29 


1.10 


10 


20 


30 


1.10 






31 











NEW YORK CREEK AT DITCH INTAKE. 

This station was established June 6, 1908, about 200 feet above the 
intake of Thanksgiving ditch and about a mile above the mouth of 
California Creek. The channel below the gage was permanent, and 
the curve of discharge is well defined for all stages. 

Discharge measurements of New Yorh Creeh at ditch intake in 1908-9. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 6 


1908. 


Feet. 
0.40 
.34 
.05 
.09 
.12 


Sec.-ft. 
5.3 
4.5 
a. 71 
1.06 
1.36 


May 25.. 
July 23.. 
Sept. 4.. 


1909. 


Feet. 
0.88 
.20 
.15 


Sec.-ft. 
49 


8 




1.8 


July 7 




1.8 


Aug. 7 






18 









o Measurement made by A. V. Thorns. 



BAKEK CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



309 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of New York Creeh at ditch intake 

for 1908-9. 

[Drainage area, 4.7 square miles. Observer, Wm. Mosiman.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 






0.05 
.05 
.1 
.05 
.05 

.05 
.05 
.05 
.05 
.15 

.1 
.05 
.05 
.05 


0.8 

.8 

1.0 

.8 
.8 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
1.6 

1.0 

.8 
.8 
.8 






0.4 
.35 
.50 
.35 
.3 


6.0 


2 










4.8 


3 . 










9.8 


4 '.'. 










4.8 


5 










3.7 


6 


0.4 
.35 
.55 
.3 
.25 

.25 
.25 
.2 
.3 

.4 

.3 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.4 

.3 

.25 

.2 

.2 

.15 

.1 
.1 
.1 
.1 

.05 


6.0 
4.8 
12.8 
3.7 
2.9 

2.9 
2.9 
2.1 
3.7 
6.0 

3.7 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
6.0 

3.7 
2.9 
2.1 
2.1 
1.6 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

.8 
.8 






3.0 


7 


0.09 
.1 
.05 
.05 

'■"."os" 

'""."65' 
.05 

- .05 
.05 
.12 
.25 
.2 

.15 
.15 
.1 
.1 


1.0 
1.0 

.8 
.8 

.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 
.8 

.8 

.8 

1.2 

2.9 

2.1 

1.6 
1.6 
1.0 
1.0 
1.3 

1.6 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
3.0 


.25 
.35 
.3 
.25 

.2 
.2 
.2 
.2 
.25 

.2 

.25 

.55 

.5 

.45 


2.9 


8 


4.8 


9 


3.7 


10 


2.9 


11 


2.1 


12 


2.1 


13 


2.1 


14 


2.1 


15 


2.9 


16 , . . . 






2.1 


17 






2.9 


18 






12.8 


19 






9.8 


20 






7.9 


21 








22 










23 










24 










25 
















.15 

.1 

.1 

.1 

.1 






27 










28 










29 










30 










31 
























Mean discharge 




3.24 
0.689 

0.67 
12.8 
.8 
A 




0.89 
0.189 

0.98 
1.6 
.8 
A 




1.22 
0.260 

0.24 
3.0 
.8 
A 




4.66 


Second-feet per square mile 




0.991 


Run-ofl (depth in inches on drainage 
area) 




8.74 


Maximum 




12.8 


Minimum 




2.1 


Accuracy 




A 









Note. — From July 15 to Aug. 6 the discharge was probably less than 1 second-foot at all times. 



310 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TAT^ANA REGIOIT, ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of New York Creeh at ditch 

intake for 1908-9 — Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 






0.40 
.40 
.40 
.40 
.40 

.30 
.30 
.30 
.30 
.20 

.20 
.22 
.25 
.22 
.20 

.20 
.20 
.18 
.12 
.12 

.10 
.10 
.10 
.20 

.28 

.20 
.20 
.15 
.10 
.10 


6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 

3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
2.1 

2.1 
2.4 
2.9 
2.4 
2.1 

2.1 
2.1 
1.8 
1.2 
1.2 

].0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.1 
3.4 

2.1 
2.1 
1.4 
1.0 
1.0 


0.10 
.10 
.10 
.10 
.10 

.10 
.10 
.12 

.18 
.28 

.22 
.20 
.15 

.18 
.15 

.10 
.10 
.08 
.05 
.05 

.05 
.04 
.15 
.28 
.20 

.15 
.15 
.20 
.18 
.15 
.12 


1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

1.0 
1.0 
1.2 

1.8 
3.4 

2.4 
2.1 
1.4 
1.8 
1.4 

1.0 

1.0 
.90 
.75 
.75 

.75 
.70 

1.4 

3.4 

2.1 

1.4 
1.4 
2.1 
1.8 
1.4 
1.2 


0.10 
.10 
.20 
.32 
.55 

.48 

.40 

.40 

1.20 

1.08 

.68 
.52 
.45 
.38 
.30 

.30 
.25 
.25 
.25 
.22 

.20 
.20 
.25 
.22 
.20 

.20 
.20 
.20 
.18 
.15 
.15 


1,0 
1.0 
2.1 
4.2 
12.9 

9.0 
6.0 
6.0 
100 

81 

23 
11.0 

7.9 
5.5 
3.7 

3.7 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 

2.4 

2.1 
2.1 

2.9 
2.4 
2.1 

2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
1.8 
1.4 
1.4 


0.15 
.15 
.15 
.15 
.15 

.12 
.12 


1.4 


2 






1.4 


3 






1.4 


4 






1.4 


5 






1.4 


6 






1.2 


7 






1.2 


8 








9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16.... 










17 










18 










19 










20 










21 










22 










23 










24 










25. 


0.88 

.75 
.65 
,55 
.52 
.50 
.50 


49 

31 

20 

12.9 

11.0 
9.8 
9.8 






26. 






27.... 






28 






29 






30... 






31 
















Second- feet per 




20.5 
4.36 

1.14 
49 
9.8 
B 




2.78 
0.591 

0.66 
6.0 
1.0 

A 




1.44 
0.306 

0.35 
3.4 
0.70 
A 




9.96 
2.12 

2.44 
100 
1.0 

B 




1.34 
0.285 


ilun-off (depth in 
area) 




0.07 


Maximum 




1.4 


Minimnm 




1.2 






A 









CALIFORNIA CREEK AT DITCH INTAKE. 



This station was established August 7, 1908, about 100 feet above 
the ditch intake. Below the gage the channel was liable to shift. 
The gage datum was changed between the end of the 1908 and the 
beginning of the 1909 records and its permanency at other times 
is doubtful. The discharge curves for each season are very poorly 
defined, and the discharge should be accepted as approximate only. 

Discharge measurements of California Creeh at ditch intake in 1908-9. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Aug. 7 . . 


1908. 


Feet. 
1.00 
1.03 


Sec.-ft. 
2.4 
2.9 


July 23.. 
Sept. 4.. 


1909. 


Feet. 
0.80 
.40 


Sec.-ft. 
3.8 


18 




2.6 









BAKER CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



311 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of California Creek at ditch intake 

for 1908-9. 

[Drainage area, 6.7 square miles. Observer, Wm. Mosiman.] 





1908 


1909 


Day. 


August. 


September. 


June, 


July. 


August. 


September. 




Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






1.10 
1.15 
1.25 
1.20 
1.15 


4.2 
5.2 
7.5 
6.3 
5.2 

4.7 
4.2 
5.7 
4.2 
3.2 

4.2 
3.2 
3.2 

4.2 
4.2 

3.2 

4.4 
8.7 
8.7 
7.5 






0.78 
.72 
.75 
.72 
.70 

.70 
.65 
.90 
.85 
.90 

.88 
.78 
.70 
.70 
.70 

.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 

.65 
.60 
.75 

.88 
.70 

.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 
.65 
.62 


3.7 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.5 

3.5 
3.4 
4.3 
4.0 
4.3 

4.2 
3.7 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 

3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 

3.4 
3.2 
3.6 
4.2 
3.5 

3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.4 
3.3 


0.60 
.60 
.70 
.78 

1.02 

.95 

.80 

.85 

1.30 

1.18 

.68 
.70 
.72 
.70 

.78 

.68 
.65 
.65 
.60 
.60 

.55 
.50 
.60 
.50 
.50 

.45 
.45 
.45 
.40 
.40 
.40 


3.2 
3.2 
3.5 
3.7 
5.1 

4.6 
3.8 
4.0 
8.3 
6.6 

3.4 
3.5 
3.6 
3.5 
3.7 

3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.2 
3.2 

3.0 
2.9 
3.2 
2.9 
2.9 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 


0.40 
.40 
.38 
.40 
.40 

.38 
.38 


2.6 


2 










2.6 


3 










2.6 


4 










2.6 


5 










2.6 


6 










2.6 


7 






1.10 
1.15 
1.10 
1.05 

1.10 
1.05 
1.05 
1.10 
1.10 

1.05 
1.11 
1.30 
1.30 
1.25 






2.6 


8 


1.00 
1.00 
1.00 


2.4 
2.4 
2.4 

2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 

2.4 

2.4 
2.4 
2.9 
3.2 
2.4 

2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 

2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 








9 










10 










11 










12 


1.00 










13 










14 


1.00 
1.00 

1.00 
1.00 
1.03 
1.05 
1.00 

1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 










15 


0.95 

.98 
.88 
.90 
.85 
.85 

.85 
.85 
.85 
.98 
1.00 

.90 
.85 
.80 
.80 
.80 


4.6 

4.8 
4.2 
4.3 
4.0 
4.0 

4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.8 
4.9 

4.3 
4.0 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 






16 






17 






18 






19 






20 






21 






22 


















24 




















26 


1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 










27 




















29 




















31 


























Meandis- 

Second-feetper 
square mile. . 

R.un-ofE (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) 




2.45 
0.366 

0.31 
3.2 
2.4 
D 




5.07 
0.757 

0.56 
8.7 
3.2 
D 




4.21 
0.628 

0.38 
4.9 
3.8 
D 




3.61 
0.539 

0.62 
4.3 
3.2 
D 




3.59 
0.536 

0.62 
8.3 
2.6 
D 




2.60 
0.388 

0.10 
2.6 


Minimum 




2.6 






D 









THANKSGIVING DITCH NEAR OUTLET. 

This station, which is located about one-fourth mile above the 
outlet of Thanksgiving ditch, was established June 6, 1908. 

The ditch diverts water from California and New York creeks a 
short distance above their confluence for use at the mines near the 
head of Thanksgiving Creek. It is about 4 miles long, with a bottom 
width of 5 feet and a grade of 6f feet per mile. The conditions at 
the station were favorable for accuracy and the estimates should rep- 
resent closely the volume of water delivered for mining purposes. 



312 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAKANA REGION, ALASKA. 

Discharge measurements of Thanksgiving ditch near outlet in 1908-9. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


. Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 

June 6 

8 

July 7 


Feet. 

1.20 

1.20 

.60 


Sec.-ft. 

11.2 

10.7 

a 2. 9 


1908— Contd. 

Aug. 7 

18 

29 


Feet. 
.60 
.68 
.60 


Sec.-ft. 
2.1 
2.7 
1.8 


1909. 

May 25 

July 23 

Sept. 4 


Feet. 
1.03 
.85 
.80' 


Sec.-ft. 
7.7 
4.2 
3.0 



a Measurement made by A. V. Thorns. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Thanksgiving ditch near outlet 

for 1908-9. 

[Observer, Wm. Mosiman.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 






0.65 
.60 
.75 
.70 
.60 

.60 
.60 
.65 
.60 
.70 

.65 
.65 
.60 
.60 


2.4 
2.1 
3.2 
2.7 
2.1 

2.1 
2.1 
2.4 
2.1 

2.7 

2.4 
2.4 
2.1 
2.1 






0.90 
.95 
1.20 
1.10 
1.00 


4.7 


2 










5.4 


3 










10.9 


4 










8.1 


5 










6.2 


6 


1.20 
1.05 
1.20 
1.10 
1.05 

.95 

.95 

.90 

1.10 

1.25 

1.10 
1.05 
1.10 
1.00 
1.10 

1.25 

1.00 

.90 

.80 

.70 

.70 
.70 
.70 
.70 
.65 


10.9 
7.2 

10.9 
8.1 
7.2 

5.4 
5.4 
4.7 
8.1 
13.0 

8.1 
7.2 
8.1 
6.2 
8.1 

13.0 
6.2 
4.7 
3.6 
2.7 

2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.4 






5.4 


7 


0.60 
.60 
.55 
.55 

■■'■'so" 
""."so' 

.50 

.50 
.55 


2.1 
2.1 
1.9 
1.9 

1.8 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 

1.7 
1.9 
2.8 
3.6 
2.7 

2.7 

2.7 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 

2.4 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 


.90 

1.05 

.95 

.90 

.80 
.75 
.75 
.80 
.85 

.80 

.85 

1.25 

1.20 

1.15 


4.7 


8 


7.2 


9 


5.4 


10 


4.7 


11 


3.6 


12 


3.2 


13 


3.2 


14 


3.6 


15 


4.2 


16 






3.6 


17 






4.2 


18 






13.0 


19 






.80 
.70 

.70 
.70 
.65 
.65 


10.9 


20 






9.5 


21 








22 










23 










24 










25 










26 






.65 
.60 
.60 
.60 
.60 






27 










28 










29 










30 










31 




























Mean discharge 




6.48 
13.0 
2.4 
B 




2.35 
3.2 
2.1 

B 




2.20 
3.6 
1.7 

B 




6.08 


Maximum 




13.0 


Minimum 




3.2 






B 









Note. — Discharges from July 15 to Aug. 6 were probably less than 2.1 second-feet at all times. 



BAKEE CEEEK DKAINAGE BASIN. 



313 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feel, of Thanksgiving ditch near outlet 

for i905-9— Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 






0.90 
.90 
.90 
.95 
.90 

.85 
.80 

1.05 
.95 

1.00 

.95 
.98 
1.00 
.95 
.95 

.95 

.88 
.85 
.82 
.80 

.80 
.78 
.78 
.98 
1.05 

.90 

.85 
.80 
.78 
.78 


4.7 
4.7 

4.7 
5.4 
4.7 

4.2 
3.6 
7.2 
5.4 
6.2 

5.4 
5.9 
6.2 
5.4 
5.4 

5.4 
4.5 
4.2 
3.8 
3.6 

3.6 
3.4 
3.4 
5.9 

7.2 

4.7 
4.2 
3.6 
3.4 
3.4 


0.72 
.70 
.70 
.72 
.70 

.70 
.65 
.85 
.90 
1.05 

1.00 
.90 

.82 
.82 
.78 

.72 
.70 
.68 
.62 
.60 

.60 
.58 

.78 
.98 

.85 

.80 
.80 
.85 
.80 
.80 
.75 


2.9 
2.7 
2.7 
2.9 
2.7 

2.7 
2.4 
4.2 

4.7 
7.2 

6.2 
4.7 
3.8 
3.8 
3.4 

2.9 
2.7 
2.6 
2.2 
2.1 

2.1 
2.0 
3.4 
5.9 
4.2 

3.6 
3.6 
4.2 
3.6 
3.6 
3.2 


0.70 

.75 

.90 

1.00 

1.15 

1.02 
1.12 
1.12 
1.20 
1.00 

1.00 
1.10 
1.12 
1.18 
1.10 

1.08 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
.92 

.90 
.90 
.95 
.90 
.90 

.85 
.82 
.80 
.80 
.80 
.80 


2.7 
3.2 
4.7 
6.2 
9.5 

6.6 
8.7 
8.7 
10.9 
6.2 

6.2 

8.1 

8.7 

10.3 

8.1 

7.7 
6.2 
6.2 
6.2 
5.0 

4.7 
4.7 
5.4 
4.7 

4.7 

4.2 
3.8 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 


0.80 

.78 
.78 
.80 
.80 

.75 
.75 


3.6 


2. 






3.4 


3 






3.4 


4 






3.6 


5 






3.6 


6 






3.2 


7 






3.2 


8 








9 










10 










11 










12 










13 










14 










15 










16 










17 










18 










19 










20 










21 




















23 










24 










25 


1.03 

.85 

.98 

1.00 

1.02 

1.00 

.98 


6.8 

4.2 
5.9 
6.2 
6.6 
6.2 
5.9 






26 






27 




28 






29 






30 


























5.97 
6.8 
4.2 

B 




4.78 
7.2 
3.4 

B 




3.51 
7.2 
2.0 

B 




6.02 
10.9 
2.7 
B 




3.43 


Maximum 




3.6 






3.2 


Accuracy 




B 









CALIFORNIA BRANCH OF THA.NKSGIVING DITCH NEAR INTAKE. 

A gage was placed in the intake flume of California branch of 
Thanksgiving ditch a short distance from the head on June 6, 1908. 
Daily records were kept from June 6 to July 14 and from August 7 to 
September 20. From July 15 to August 6 the discharge was prob- 
ably less than 2.1 second-feet. 

Discharge measurements of California branch of Thanksgiving ditch near intake in 1908. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 6 


Feet. 
0.85 
1.02 
.65 


Sec.-ft. 
5.1 
7.9 
a 2.1 


Aug. 7.. 
18.. 




Feet. 
0.64 
.72 


Sec.-ft. 
2.0 


8 




2.5 


July 7 











o Measurement made by A. V. Thorns. 



314 



SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAKANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of California branch of Thanhs- 
giving ditch near intake for 1908. 

[Observer, William Mosiman.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 






0.65 
.6 
.7 
.65 
.65 

.65 
.65 
.6 
.65 

.7 

.65 
.65 
.65 
.65 


2.1 
1.8 
2.6 
2.1 
2.1 

2.1 
2.1 
1.8 
2.1 
2.6 

2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 






0.8 
.9 
.85 

1.0 
.9 

.85 

"""'85' 
.85 
.8 

.8 

.75 

.8 

.8 

.75 

.8 
1.0 
1.0 
.75 
.95 


3 9 


2 










5.5 


3 










4.6 


4 










7 5 


5 










5.5 


6 


0.85 
.8 

1.0 
.75 
.9 

.8 

.85 

.8 

.9 

.95 

.85 
.85 
.85 
.8 
1.3 

1.0 
.9 

.8 
.8 
.75 

.7 
.7 
.7 
.7 
.65 


4.6 
3.9 
7.5 
3.2 
5.5 

3.9 
4.6 
3.9 
5.5 
6.4 

4.6 
4.6 
4.6 
3.9 
14.6 

7.5 
5.5 
3.9 
3.9 
3.2 

2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.1 






4.6 


7 


0.65 
.65 
.65 
.65 

■"■"."65" 

■■■■"65" 
.65 

.65 
.65 


2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

2.1 
2.1 
2.6 
3.2 
2.6 

2.6 
2.6 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 


4.6 


8 


4.6 


9 


4.6 


10 


3.9 


11 


3.9 


12 


3.2 


13 


3.9 


14 


3.9 


15 


3.2 


16 






3.9 


17 






7.5 


18 






7.5 


19 






.75 

.7 

.7 
.7 
.65 
.65 


3.2 


20 






6.4 


21 








22 










23 










24 










25 
















.65 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.65 






27 










28 










29 




















31 


























Mean discharge 




4.71 

14.6 

2.1 

A 




2.13 
2.6 
1.8 

A 




2.22 
3.2 
2.1 

A 




4.80 






7.5 


Minimum 




3.2 






A 









MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 
Baker Creek drainage basin in 1908: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Baker Creeh drainage basin in 1908. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to — 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 
mile. 


Aug. 30,1908. 

Do 

Do 


North Fork of Baker 

Creek. 
Wolverine Creek 

do 


Baker Creek . . . 

North Fork of 
Baker Creek. 
.do 


Below Wolverine 

Creek. 
2 miles above mouth. . 

Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 
6.2 

2.1 

2.6 
2.7 
4.9 
01.4 
1.7 


Sq. mi. 
19.7 

6.2 

8.2 
5.9. 
15.3 
17.3 


Sec.-ft. 
0.26 

.34 

.32 


A-Ug. 22,1908. 
Do 


Allen Creek 

do 


do 

do 


5 miles above mouth. . 
1 mile above mouth . . . 
Trail crossing 


.46 
.32 


Do 


New York Creek . . 


.do 




Aug. 29,1908. 


Thanksgiving ditch 




Below weirnear outlet. 













a 1.7 second-feet diverted above point of measurement. 



BAKER CREEK DRAINAGE BASIIST. 815 

EUKEKA CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Eureka Creek rises in the Minook-Baker divide, just east of Eureka 
Dome, flows south west ward for about 5 miles, then takes a more 
southerly course and unites with Baker Creek near where that creek 
makes its decided turn to the south. The total length of Eureka 
Creek is about 12 miles. It receives Boston Creek about 5 miles 
from its source. 

Above Boston Creek the valley resembles that of Pioneer Creek. 
The south side rises abruptly about 600 feet above the stream and 
furnishes no tributaries, while the north slope is gentle and is cut by 
several small streams. Below Boston Creek the valley rapidly 
broadens into Baker Flats, which are covered with a dense gTowth of 
wiUows intermixed with some good-sized spruce, and across which 
the stream meanders sluggishly through a deep-cut, mucky channel. 

The main diggings are near the junction of Boston Creek, although 
workable gold placers have been found at several points a.bove. 

Pioneer Creek heads in the south slope of Elephant Mountain and 
flows south westward. It is about 11 miles long and for about 5 
miles of its course parallels Eureka Creek, to which it is a tributary 
about 7 miles from the head. 

On the south side, which the creek closely follows, the valley rises 
almost precipitously about 800 feet above the bed of the stream and 
is broken only by small gulches. The north side, in contrast, exhibits 
a very gentle slope, marked by a prominent bench, which is cut at 
right angles to Pioneer Creek by several small tributaries of similar 
appearance. There is very little timber in the valley, the supply 
being barely sufficient for fuel. Most of the diggings are on the north 
slope. What Cheer Bar, Seattle Bar, and Doric, Boothby, and Joe 
Bush creeks cover the principal claims. 

A ditch 4 miles long diverts water from Pioneer Creek just above 
Joe Bush Creek and carries it to the What Cheer Bar workings. It 
has a bottom width of 5 feet and a grade of 5 feet per mile. 

Another ditch, 2J miles long, of the same size and slope, was con- 
structed in 1909 to carry water to the Eureka Creek mines near Boston 
Creek. The intake is just above Boothby Creek. 

PIONEER CREEK AT WHAT CHEER BAR DITCH INTAKE. 

This station was established June 7, 1908. The gage was a vertical 
staff driven into the right bank of the creek about 200 feet above the 
diversion dam at the What Cheer Bar ditch intake. Different rating 
curves were used for 1908 and 1909. The permanency of the relation 
between gage height and discharge is somewhat doubtful, but it is 
not believed that any large errors have been introduced. 



316 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 
Discharge measurements of Pioneer Creek at What Cheer Bar ditch intake in 1908-9. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 7 . . . 


1908. 


Feet. 

0.95 

.65 

.50 

.52 


Sec.-ft. 

10.8 

a 4.0 

■ 2.6 

2.6 


May 26.. 


1909. 


Feet. 

2.35 

.35 


Sec.-ft. 

86 


21 


July 22 


1.7 


Aug. 8 .■- 


24 


7.3 


19... 


25 


4.7 
4.7 








Sept. 5 











« Measurement made by A. V. Thorns. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Pioneer Creeh at What Cheer 

Bar ditch intake for 1908-9. 

[Drainage area, 8.1 square miles. Observer, ditch walker.] 





June. 


August. 


September. 


Bay. 


Jime. 


August. 


September. 


Day. 


4^ 

o 

03 


s 


4.3 

s 

A 

bS) 
03 
O 


ft 


<s 

bD 



s 


.A 

be 



-CD 

ft 


4J 

53 



a5 
bD 


'S 
<s 

M 
03 



1 
ft 


1908. 
1 






0.55 


2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 

2.8 
2.7 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 

2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 

2.8 

2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 


0.70 

.67 

.78 
.72 

"."63" 

"."5i" 

'".ho 

""so" 
.75 


4.7 
3.7 
6.2 

4.8 
4.4 

4.0 
3.7 
3.6 
3.4 
3.2 

3.0 

2.8 
2.6 
3.0 
3.4 

4.2 
5.0 
5.8 
6.6 
5.6 


1908— Con. 
21 


0.65 
.65 
.60 
.60 
.60 


4.0 
4.0 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 

3.4 
3.4 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 




"6." 56' 


2.9 
2.9 
2.8 
2.7 
2.6 

2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
3.1 
3.6 
4.1 






2 






22.... 






3 








23 






4 








24 






5 






.55 


25 


- 




6 






26 






7 


6.95 

.85 
.80 
.80 

.75 
.75 
,70 
.85 
.95 

.85 
.80 
.75 
.75 
.70 


10.8 
7.9 
6.6 
6.6 

5.6 
5.6 
4.7 
7.9 
10.8 

7.9 
6.6 
5.6 
5.6 
4.7 


"."so' 
""."so' 

"."55' 


27 








8 


28 








9 


29 








10 


30 


.55 








31 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge. . 












12 




5.44 
0.672 

0.60 

10.8 

2.9 

B. 




2.84 
0.351 

0.40 
4.1 
2.6 
B. 






13 


4.18 


14 


Second -feet 
per square 
mile 






15 






0.516 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 






17 




18 


* 


19 




20 


0.39 




Maximum. . 




6.6 




Minimum . . 




2.6 




Accuracy... 




B. 











Note. — The discharge during July probably did not exceed 3 second-feet. 



BAKER CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN". 



317 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Pioneer Creek at What Cheer 
Bar ditch intake for 1908-9 — Continued. 





May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1909. 
1 






0.8 
.7 
.9 

.8 

.8 

.7 
.7 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.5 
.5 
.7 
.6 
. .5 

.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 
.5 

.5 
.5 

.4 

.7 
.6 

.5 
.5 
.4 
.4 
.4 


12.3 
9.4 
15.2 
12.3 
12.3 

9.4 
9.4 
7.0 
7.0 
7.0 

4.7 
4.7 
9.4 
7.0 
4.7 

4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 

4.7 
4.7 
3.0 
9.4 
7.0 

4.7 
4.7 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 


0.4 
.4 

.5 
.6 
.5 

.5 
.5 
.4 
.4 
.4 

.4 

'""."35' 
........ 

.5 

.5 

.5 

.45 

.45 

.45 

.45 


3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

3.0 
3.0 
4.7 
7.0 
4.7 

4.7 
4.7 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

2.8 

2.6 
2.4 
4.7 
7.0 
4.7 

4.7 
4.7 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 


0.45 

.4 

.7 

.9 
1.5 

1.1 
.9 
1.0 
1.1 
1.1 

1.4 
2.3 
1.4 
1.2 
.9 

.9 
.8 
.75 
.75 

.7 

.65 

.6 

.9 


3.8 


2 






3.0 


3 






9.4 


4 






15.2 


5 






39 


6 






22 


7 






15.2 


8 






18.4 


9 






22 


10 






22 


11 






34 


12 






83 


13 






34 


14 






26 


15 






15.2 


16 






15.2 


17 






12.3 


18 






10.8 


19 






10.8 








9.4 


21 






8.2 


22 






7.0 


23 






15.2 


24 








25 










26 


2.25 
1.7 
1.3 
1.1 
1.1 
.9 


80 
49 
30 
22 
22 
15.2 






27 






28 






29 






30 






31 
















Mean discharge 




36.4 
4.49 

1.00 
80 
15.2 
C 




6.75 
0.833 

0.93 
15.2 
3.0 
C 




3.76 
0.440 

0.51 
7.0 
2.4 

C 




19.6 






2.42 


Run-off (depth in inches on drainage 




2.07 


Maximum 




83 


Minimum 




3.0 


Accuracy 




c 









WHAT CHEER BAR DITCH NEAR INTAKE. 

A gage was installed in What Cheer Bar ditch just below the in- 
take on June 1, 1909, and daily records were kept until August 23. 
The rating curve is fairly well developed for aU stages. 

On June 7, 1908, a gage was installed in the ditch near Seattle 
Creek, and daily readings were made until June 30, when a break in 
the ditch destroyed the station and rendered the records valueless, 
as only one discharge measurement had been made. 

Discharge measurements of What Cheer Bar ditch near intake in 1909. 



Date. 



May 26... 

July 22... 

24... 



Gage 


Dis- 


height. 


charge. 


Feet 


Sec.-ft. 


02. 58 


40 


.28 


2.0 


.68 


7.4 




July 25. 
Sept. 5. 



Feet. 
0.50 
b.68 



Dis- 
charge. 



Sec.-ft. 



4.5 
4.6 



o Distance below nail in stump opposite proposed location of gage, 
zero of gage. 
J» Backwater caused by temporary obstruction in ditch below gage. 



Elevation of nail, 4.07 feet above 



318 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAITA EEGION", ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of What Cheer Bar ditch near 

intake for 1909. 

[Observer, ditch walker.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 




03 

-s 

m 

ft 


+2 

© 

o 




M 
ft 


•t 




•§ 

ft 


i 

© 

© 



© 



.a 
ft 


•53 
© 




© 

1 

ft 


4.^ 

© 

1 




© 

ft 


1 


0.5 
.5 
.9 

.8 
.8 

.7 
.7 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.5 
.5 
.7 
.6 
.5 

.5 

.5 
.4 
.4 
.4 


4.2 

4.2 

13.3 

10.4 

10.4 

7.8 
7.8 
5.8 
5.8 
5.8 

4.2 
4.2 

7.8 
5.8 
4.2 

4.2 
4.2 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 


0.4 
.4 

""."35' 
.5 
.6 
.5 

.5 
.5 

.4 
.4 
.4 

.35 


3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
2.9 

2.8 

2.7 
2.6 
4.2 
5.8 
4.2 

4.2 
4.2 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.5 


0.45 
.4 
.65 

.7 
1.2 

1.0 
.9 
1.0 
1.1 
1.1 

"i.'i" 

1.0 
.9 

.9 

.8 

.75 

.75 

.7 


3.6 
3.0 

6.8 
7.8 
25 

16.7 

13.3 

16.7 

21 

21 

21 

21 

21 

16.7 

13.3 

13.3 

10.4 
9.1 
9.1 

7.8 

1 


21 


0.4 
.4 
.4 
.6 
.5 

.5 
.5 
.4 
.4 
.4 


3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

5.8 
4.2 

4.2 
4.2 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 


"6.'3~" 

'".7" 
.5 

.5 
.5 

.45 
.45 
.45 
.45 


2.3 

2.1 
4.7 
7.8 
4.2 

4.2 
4.2 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 


0.65 
.6 
.9 


6.8 


2 


22 


5.8 


3 


23 


13.3 


4 


24 




5 


25 






6 


26 






7 


27 






8 


28 






9 


29 






10. 


30 








31 .- 






11 


Mean dis- 
charge. . 










12 




5.18 
13.3 

3.0 

A 




3.50 
7.8 
2.1 
A 






13 


13.2 


14 


Maximum.. 




25 


15 


Minimum. . 




3.0 




Accuracy. . . 




A 


16 








17 




18 




19 

20 









MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



The follomng miscellaneous discliarge measurements were made 
in Eureka Creek drainage basin in 1908 and 1909: 

Miscellaneous measurcTnents in EureTca Creek drainage basin from 1908 to 1909. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to— 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 


Aug. 21,1908 
Do 


Eureka Creek 


Baker Creek.. . 
do... 


Claim ''No. 14 above". 

Above Boston Creek. . . 

do 


Sec.-ft. 
0.77 
1.3 
1.2 
6.9 
2.4 
4.8 
10.6 
4.0 


Sq.m. 
2.8 
5.4 
5.4 
5.4 
5.4 
37.7 


Sec.-ft. 
0.28 


.do 


.24 


July 22,1909 
July 23,1909 
Sept. 4,1909 
Aug. 6, 1908 
June 7 1908 


...do 


do 


.22 


..do 


do 


do 


.78 


...do 


do 


do 


.44 


do 


do 


Mouth 


.13 


What Cheer Bar ditch 




Seattle Creek 




Do 


do 




Below spillway 















BAKEK CKEEK DKAINAGE BASIN. 319 

HUTLINANA CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Hutlinana Creek is tributary to Baker Creek about 7 miles from 
Tanana River, near the southern border of the Baker fiats. For the 
first mile or two the stream fiows nearly due north; it then turns 
gradually toward the west, passing the south slope of Wolverine 
Mountain, and finally takes a general southwesterly course to the 
mouth. It has a broad, gravelly bed with sharp banks and follows 
a winding course, making many abrupt tiu-ns in passing from one 
side of the valley to the other. In general, however, it keeps near 
the left side. The topography of the Hutlinana VaUey presents 
strong contrasts — ^from Wolverine Mountain, with an elevation of 
4,600 feet, to the marshy alluvial Baker fiats. 

Above' Elephant Creek the east side of the HutHnana VaUey rises 
precipitously and is broken by fewer tributaries than the west side, 
which is cut by many small streams and exhibits a gradual benchlike 
slope for a considerable distance back from the stream, beyond which 
it rises rapidly to the summit of Elephant and Wolverine mountains. 
The gravelly bottom forms a watercourse of such nature that during 
a period of protracted drought 50 per cent or even more of the run-ofi 
may pass beneath the surface. Many other streams in the Rampart 
region have the same characteristic features. 

The vaUey contains a thick growth of timber, much of which is 
suitable for milling. A sawmill has been in operation on the creek 
at times for several winters, and nearly all the Baker Creek mines 
are supplied with lumber from this source. 

About a mile below Elephant Gulch a hot spring rises in the bed 
of the creek and prevents the creek from freezing for a considerable 
distance even during the intense cold of the winter months. In the 
vicinity of the spring there are several acres of warm ground, now 
covered with a luxuriant growth of large spruce, poplar, and birch, 
which on clearing would be suitable for agriculture. F. E. Diver 
has taken up a homestead about the spring, and during the summer 
of 1908 he constructed a large cabin that could be used as a road 
house, put under cultivation some small patches of ground, and 
successfully raised several varieties of vegetables. 

Considerable exploring has been done near the headwaters of the 
creek, but the presence of ground water and the lack of suitable 
machinery have prevented systematic prospecting and the working 
of ground that, under more favorable conditions, might yield gold in 
paying quantities. 

Caribou, Denver, and Ohio creeks, and Elephant Gulch are small 
tributaries of Hutlinana Creek from the right near the headwaters, 
Goff and Applegate creeks, the two larger tributaries of HutHnana 
Creek, enter it from the east about 12 miles from the head. Apple- 



320 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANAKA REGION, ALASKA. 

gate Creek is said to have several good-sized thermal springs in its 
upper drainage which furnish the greater portion of the run-off during 
the low-water season. 

HTJTLINANA CREEK NEAR CAIRO CREEK. 

A gage was installed June 9, 1908, on the left bank of Hutlinana 
Creek a short distance below Cairo Creek. Readings were taken 
until August 31. On September 1, 1909, a gage was installed above 
Cairo Creek on the left bank, about 500 feet below the hot springs, 
from which all subsequent readings were made. 

The rating curve for the section below Cairo Creek is well developed 
for all stages. The curve for the section above Cairo Creek is well 
defined below 80 second-feet and fairly well developed for all stages. 
The gage was only read to the nearest tenth of a foot, so at low stages 
considerable error may result thereby, but the mean flow for periods 
of a week or more should not be greatly in error, and the monthly 
means are believed to be very accurate. 

Discharge Tneasurements of Hutlinana Creeh above Cairo Creek in 1908-9. 



Date. 


Hydrographer, 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Hydrographer. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
Sept. 1 

1909. 

Apr. 20 

May 23 

July 6 

Do... 


C. E. Ellsworth 

do 

do 

Clarence Hamshaw 

do 


Feet. 
0.80 

.32 

2.48 

.99 

.99 


Sec.-ft. 
14.9 

a. 4 
173 
23 

24 


1909. 
July 11 
25 
25 
25 
26 
31 


Clarence Hamshaw 

Harry Tumbull 

do 

C. E. Ellsworth 

do 

Harry Tumbull 


Feet. 
1.01 
1.17 
1.25 
1.23 
1.17 
1.40 


Sec.-ft. 
25 
44 
37 
41 
34 
53 









a This measurement represents the discharge of the hot springs. There was no surface run-ofi from the 
basin above the hot springs at the time the measurement was made. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second feet, of Hutlinana Creeh above Cairo 

Creeh for 1908-9. 





[D 


ralnage area, 42.7 square mUes. Observer, F. 


E. Diver.] 








September. 


October. 


Day. 


September. 


October. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1908. 
1 


0.8 

.8 


15 
15 
16 
18 
19 

19 
19 
19 
19 
19 

19 
19 
19 
19 
19 

19 
19 
22 
24 
24 


0.8 

.8 

."s" 

.8 

.7 

.7 

.7 

.7 

.7 


15 
15 
15 
15 
15 

15 
14 
13 
12 
11 

11 
11 
11 
11 
11 

11 
11 
11 
11 
11 


1908— Con. 
21 


1.0 


24 
22 
21 
20 
19 

19 

18 
17 
16 
15 


0.7 

.6 

.7 
.7 


11 


2 


22 


11 


3 


23 




10 


4 




24 




9 


5 


.9 
.9 


25 


.9 
.9 


8 


6 


26 


7.5 


7 


27 


11 


8 


:9 


28 




11 


9 ... 


29 






10 


.9 


30 


.8 








31 






w 


Mean discharge 
Second-feet 
per square 
mile 










\2....\.......... 


.9 
.9 




19.1 
0.447 

0.50 

24 
15 
A 




11.7 


13 




14 




15 


.9 


0.274 


16 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage area) . 






17 


.9 


0.28 


18 


Maximum 




15 


19 


i.6 

1.0 


Minimum 




7.5 


20 


Accuracy 




A 











BAKER CEEEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 



321 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Hutlinana Creek above Cairo 

Creel for i9C^-9— Continued. 





April. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


19C9. 
1 






0.8 
.9 
.5 
.7 
.0 

.8 
1.0 


15 
19 
4.5 
11 

7.5 

15 
24 
43 

62 
71 

' 71 

102 

62 

81 
138 

102 
112 
122 
132 
142 

152 

162 
173 
190 
204 

163 

113 

91 

81 
81 
81 


1.7 
1.7 
1.8 
1.8 
1.7 

"'"i.'5' 
1.4 

1.3 
1.3 
1.4 
1.5 
1.4 

1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.2 
1.2 

'"'i.'i' 

1.1 
1.5 
1.3 

1.2 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 


81 
81 
91 
91 
81 

77 
72 
67 
62 
53 

45 
45 
53 
62 
53 

45 
45 
-45 
37 
37 

34 
30 
30 
62 
45 

37 
30 
24 
24 
24 


1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

1.0 
1.0 
1.1 
1.1 

.98 

1.0 

1.01 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 
.9 
.9 
.9 
.9 

1.0 
1.2 
1.2 
1.4 
1.25 

1.2 
1.2 
1.2 

1.2 
1.55 

1.4 


24 
24 
24 
24 
24 

24 
24 
30 
30 
23 

24 
25 

24 
24 
24 

24 
19 
19 
19 
19 

24 
37 
37 
53 
41 

37 
37 
37 
37 
66 
53 


1.35 

1.3 

1.4 

1.8 

2.5 

2.0 
1.7 
■ 1.7 
3.5 
2.5 

2.0 
1.8 
1.6 
1.4 
1.4 

1.3 
1.3 


49 


2 






45 


3 






53 


4 






91 


5 







176 


6 






113 


7 






81 


8 






81 


9 






1.5 
1.6 

1.6 
1.9 
1.5 
1.7 
2.2 

1.9 


315 


10 






176 


11 






113 


12 






91 


13 






71 


14 






53 


15 






53 


IG 






45 


17 






45 


18 










19 












20 


0.32 

.35 
.4 


0.4 

1.0 
2.0 
1.5 
1.0 
2.0 

1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 


"'2.' 48" 
2.6 

2.7 

2.4 
2.0 
1.8 
1.7 






21 






22 






23 






24 


.35 
.4 

.35 






25 






26 






27 






28 






29 






30 


■ .4 






31 






















Mean discharge 
Second- feet per 




1.4 
0.033 

0.01 
2.0 
0.4 

A 




91.2 
2.14 

2.47 
204 
4.5 

B 




52.1 
1.22 

1.36 
91 
24 

A 




30.0 
0.703 

0.81 
66 
19 

A 




97.1 
2.27 


Eun-oiT (depth in 
inches on drainage 
area) 




1.44 


Maximum 




315 


Minimum 




45 


Accuracy 




B 









Discharge measurements of Hutlinana Creek below Cairo Creek in 1908. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


June 9 


Feet. 
1.32 
1.00 


Sec.-ft. 
76 
41 


Aug. 19.. 
Sept. 1.. 




Feet. 
0.50 
.65 


Sec.-ft. 
10.5 


2a 




14.9 



42913°— WSP 342—1.5- 



-21 



322 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAITAKA REGION^ ALASKA. 

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Hutlinana CreeJc below Cairo 

Creek for 1908. 

* [Drainage area, 44.2 square miles. Observer, F. E. Diver.] 





June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


Day. 




oj - 

03 

A 
o 

s 


A 


1 


A 

A 
a> 

c3 
O 


A 



-a 

A 
® 




■8 

5 


W) 

A 

<» 

C3 



6 


-1-5 
A 



6 

1 

A 

CO 

s 


1 






0.9 
.9 


32 
32 
31 
30 
29 

28 
27 
26 
25 
24 

24 
24 
24 
24 
24 

24 
23 
21 
20 
19 


0.6 

""'.'5' 
.5 


13 
13 
13 
12 
12 

12 
12 
12 
12 
12 

12 
12 
12 
11 
11 

11 
11 
11 
10 
10 


21 




59 

52 
52 
52 
41 

38 
35 
32 
32 

24 


0.7 
.7 

.7 


17 
17 
17 
17 
17 

17 
16 
14 
13 
13 
13 


0.5 


10 


2 






22 


1.1 
1.1 
1.1 
1.0 


10 


3 






23 


10 


4 








24 


10 


5 








25 


9 


6 








26 


9 


7 








27 




9 


8 








28 


.9 
.9 

.8 


9 


9 


1.3 
1.3 


74 
74 

86 

97 

109 

122 

122 

109 
97 

86 
74 
66 


.8 
.8 

.8 
.8 


29 


10 


10 


30 


12 




31 


14 


11 


Mean dis- 
charge.. 










12 


1.5 
1.6 
1.7 
1.7 




69.7 
1.58 

1.29 
122 
•24 
A 




22.0 
0.498 

0.57 
32 
13 
A 






13 


11.2 


14 


Second-feet 
per square 
mile 






15 






0.253 


16 


Run-off 
(depth in 
inches on 
d r ainage 
area) 






17 


1.5 
1.4 
1.3 




18 




19 




20 


0.29 






Maximum . . 




13 




Minimum . 




9 




Accuracy 




B 











Note. — The discharges on days of missing gage heights were estimated by aid of comparative records 
and known climatologic conditions and are believed to be very nearly correct. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 
the Hutlinana Creek drainage basin in 1908 and 1909: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Hutlinana Creek drainage basin, 1908-9. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to — 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 


Aug. 20,1908 

Sept. 2,1908 

July 7, 1909 

26, 1909 


Hutlinana Creek 

do 


Baker Creek.. . 
do 


Below Caribou Creek. . 
do 


Sec.-ft. 
1.9 
3.1 
a 11. 9 
24 
9.1 
.93 

1.1 

2.4 
2.8 


Sq. mi. 
16.1 
16.1 
23.7 
23.7 
23.7 
3.2 

3.3 

11.4 
18.9 


Sec.-ft. 
0.12 
.19 


do 


do 


Above Denver Creek. . 
do 


.50 


do 


do 


1.01 


Sept. 5, 1909 


do 


do 


do 


.38 


Aug. 20,1908 
Do 


Ohio Creek 


Hutlinana 

Creek. 
do 


J mile above mouth . . . 
Mouth 


.29 


Elephant Gulch 


.33 


Do 


Goff Creek 


do 


I mile above mouth . . . 
1 mile above mouth. . . 


.21 


Do 


Applegate Creek 


do.. 


.15 











a Measurement made by Clarence Hamshaw. 

Note. — The measurements of Hutlinana Creek above Caribou Creek and above Denver Creek were made 
near proposed diversion points for ditch systems to carry water to the mines on Pioneer Creek. 



SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 323 
PATTERSON CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 
DESCRIPTION. 

Patterson Creek is formed by the junction of Sullivan and Cache 
creeks. It is about 30 miles long and follows a general southwesterly 
course roughly parallel to Tanana River, which it joins about midway 
between Hot Springs and Fort Gibbon. It drains an area of low 
relief, the most prominent feature of which, Bean Ridge, on the 
southeast, furnishes it several small tributaries. 

Sullivan Creek, the right fork of Patterson Creek, rises on the south 
slope of Roughtop Mountain, and for about 10 miles flows a little 
west of south through a wide valley, flanked on either side by long, 
gentle slopes. Birch and spruce timber suitable for cabins and fuel 
is abundant in the lower vaUey. 

Woodchopper Creek drains a relatively low swampy area between 
Sullivan Creek on the east and American Creek and Fish Lake on the 
west. 

SULLIVAN CREEK ABOVE TOFTY DITCH INTAKE. 

A gage was installed on Sullivan Creek August 4, 1908, just above 
the intake to the Tofty ditch and about 6 miles above the mouth of 
the creek. During periods of average flow nearly the entire discharge 
of the creek is diverted just below the gage and conducted in a ditch 
along the right limit hillside to Tofty Gulch, where it is used in open- 
cut sluicing. The ditch is 7,000 feet long, with a bottom width of 4.5 
feet and a grade of 6| feet per mile. 

The 1908 rating curve is rather poorly defined. That of 1909 is 
weU defined below 40 second-feet. The measuring conditions were 
good and the channel seemed to be fairly permanent. Some water 
was diverted from the creek above the gage in the Midnight Sun 
ditch at a time of ample supply in 1909, and the records therefore 
show a run-off slightly less than the actual one. 

Discharge measurements of Sullivan Creek above Tofty ditch intake in 1908-9. 



Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Date. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Aug. 4 . . 


1908. 


Feet. 

0.80 

.70 


Sec.-ft. 
5.7 
4.5 


May 28.. 

29.. 

July 19.. 


1909. 


Feet. 

1.00 

.72 

.11 

.12 


Sec.-ft. 
31 


24 




11.6 








1.8 




20.. 




2.2 









324 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION^ ALASKA. 



Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Sullivan Creek above Tofty 

ditch intake for 1908-9. 





[Drainage area, 


15.6 square miles. Observer, 


Joseph Eglar.] 










1908 


1909 


Day. 


August. 


May. 


June. 


July. 


August. 


September. 




Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Gage 
height. 


Dis- 
charge. 


1 










0.70 
.70 
.65 
.90 

1.00 

1.00 
.80 
.65 
.50 
.50 

.45 
.45 
.45 
.40 
.40 

.40 
.35 
.30 

.28 
.28 

.21 

.20 
.20 
.20 
.45 

.30 
.25 
.20 
.19 
.18 


13.8 

13.8 

12.1 

24 

31 

31 

18.5 

12.1 

7.7 
7.7 

6.6 
6.6 
6.6 
5.5 
5.5 

5.5 
4.8 
4.0 
3.8 
3.8 

2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
6.6 

4.0 
3.4 
2.8 
2.7 
2.6 


0.15 
.12 
.15 
.15 
.12 

.11 
.10 
.30 
.25 
.20 

.25 
.20 
.20 
.30 
.50 

.30 
.21 
.20 
.20 

.75 

.75 
.75 
.50 
.70 
.50 

.55 
.65 
.45 
.32 
.40 
.25 


2.3 
2.1 
2.3 
2.3 
2.1 

2.0 
2.0 
4.0 
3.4 

2.8 

3.4 
2.8 
2.8 
4.0 

7.7 

4.0 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
16.2 

16.2 

16.2 

7.9 

13.8 

7.7 

9.0 

12.1 

6.6 

4.3 

5.5 
3.4 


0.12 
.09 
.80 
.60 

1.70 

1.50 

.90 

1.70 

2.10 

""'.'so' 

.50 

.40 
.25 
.25 
.25 

'".'io' 


2.1 

1.9 

18.5 

10.4 

106 

82 

24 
106 
158 
110 

70 
40 
15 

7.7 
7.7 

5.5 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.2 

3.0 

2.8 
2.6 
2.4 
2.2 

2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 


"6.'26" 
"".'26' 


2 8 


2 










2 8 


3 










2 8 


4..: 


0.8 

.7 

.7 

.7 

.68 

.65 

.62 

.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 
.6 

.62 
.65 
1.5 

i:4 

1.3 

.85 

.85 

.7 
.7 


6.0 
.4.3 

4.3 
4.3 
4.0 
3.6 
3.2 

3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 

3.2 
3.6 

42 

33 

26 

7.2 
7.2 
4.3 
4.3 






2 8 


5 






2 8 


6 






2 8 


7 






2 8 


8 


- 




2.8 


9 






2.8 


10 






2.8 


11 






2.8 


12 






2 8 


13 






2.8 


14 






2.8 


15 






2.8 


16 






2.8 


17 






2.8 


18 








19 










20 










21 










22 










23 










24 










25 










26 














27 














28 






0.90 
.70 
.40 


24 

13.8 
5.5 
9.6 






29 










30 










31 


























Mean dis- 
charge... 




8.34 
0.533 

0.42 
42 
3.0 
C 




13.2 
0.846 

0.13 
24 
5.5 
B 




8.59 
0.551 

0.61 
31 
2.6 
A 




5.72 
0.367 

0.42 
16.2 

2.0 

A 




25.9 
1.66 

1.91 
158 
1.9 
C 




2.80 


Second-feet per 
square mile . . 




0.180 


Run-off (depth 
in inches on 
drainage areaj 

Maximum 




0.11 
2.8 


Minimum 




2.8 


Accuracy 




C 















MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

The following miscellaneous discliarge measurements were made in 
the Patterson Creek drainage basin in 1908 and 1909: 

Miscellaneous measurements in Patterson Creeh drainage basin in 1908 and 1909. 



Date. 


Stream. 


Tributary to— 


Locality. 


Dis- 
charge. 


Drain- 
age 
area. 


Dis- 
charge 

per 
square 

mile. 


Aug. 26,1908 
July 20,1909 
Aug. 4, 1908 

July 19,1909 
May 28,1909 
Aug. 25,1908 


Quartz Creek 


Sullivan Creek . 
do 


i mile above mouth. . . 
Mouth 


Sec.-ft. 
2.8 
1.3 
3.2 

2.5 
6.5 
4.4 


Sq. m. 

8.0 

11.3 

22.7 

22.7 


Sec.-ft. 
0.35 


do 


.12 


Cache Creek 


Patterson Creek 
do 


Trail crossing to mouth 

of Baker Slough. 
do 


.14 


.... do 


.11 


Midnight Sun ditch . . . 




Outlet 

Trail crossing 




Woodchopper Creek... 


(a) 


19.7 


.22 







a Reconnaissance map of Rampart quadrangle shows Woodchopper Creek flowing into Fish Lake. 
According to a statement by a local prospector, it is tributary to Patterson Creek, about 6 miles from 
Tanana River. 



SURI^ACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAi^-ANA EEGIOK, ALASKA. 325 

MINIMUM DISCEQVRGE. 

The computed minimum discharge for a single day is often subject 
to errors which make it less reliable than the mean for a longer period, 
and it is therefore customary in estimates of minimum discharge 
to select the mean discharge for the minimum week. The following 
table has been compiled to- show the mean discharge in second-feet, 
and in second-feet per square mile, for the minimum week, from 
representative drainage areas. It should be borne in mind that all 
the records are not directly comparable, because their durations at 
the different stations are not the same. An analysis of the results 
shows no relation between the size of the drainage area and the 
minimum flow; in fact, it indicates that within certain limits each 
drainage area is a law unto itself. The relatively high minimums 
of Chena River above Little Chena, Salcha River at the mouth, 
and Seven tymile River at the falls, indicate conditions in the moun- 
tains occupying the east-central portion of the Yukon-Tanana region 
which contribute toward an increased minimum discharge. The 
nature of these conditions is beyond conclusive determination by the 
data available. The low minimum of South Fork of Fortymile River 
at Franklin indicates conditions productive of a very low discharge 
in the southeastern portion of the region. A considerable proportion 
of this drainage area is flat and swampy and it exercises an influence 
on run-off somewhat comparable to lake storage, but this does not 
explain the low minimum except so far as it may be ascribed to 
increased evaporation losses. 

Thus comparison and analysis show that the minimum discharges 
are probably determined by the diverse characteristics of the drain- 
age areas and vary widely. The minimum run-off in second-feet 
per square mile for many of the typical placer streams varies from 
0.10 to 0.20, and this represents approximately what maybe expected 
from the average drainage area. Such a run-off, however, is by no 
means general, for there are many pronounced exceptions dependent 
upon special condition. Careful study of the existing data and a 
comparison of physical conditions will furnish a basis for estimating 
the minimum discharge of streams other than those upon which 
records are available. 

The minimum summer flow for several seasons took place on the 
majority of the streams in the region in the first part of August, 1911. 
In each of the other seasons, however, the streams fell nearly as low 
as in 1911. The durations of low-water periods varied from about 
one to three weeks and in some seasons occurred two or three times. 
The variations in discharge from the same area for different years 
are shown on Plate VIII, on which are platted hydrographs of daily 
discharge of Chatanika River from 1907 to 1912. 



326 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKOIT-TAI^ANA REGION^ ALASKA. 

Mean discharge for minimum week at various stations in Yukon- Tanana region. 



Station. 



Duration 
of record. 



Week of minimum 
discharge. 



Mean 




discharge 




for 


Drainage 


mmimum 


area. 


week. 




Sec.-ft. 


So. mi. 


157 


3,180 


516 


5,890 


45 


824 


12.0 


189 


.89 


23.1 


.61 


9.1 


210 


2,010 


.23 


12.5 


7.0 


59.5 


.47 


24.4 


2.1 


24.1 


1.0 


14.8 


136 


465 


17.3 


36.7 


1.4 


17.2 


11.7 


88 


19.5 


141 


54 


600 


90 


873 


218 


2, 150 


.33 


10.6 


2.4 


39.9 


4.5 


161 


1.2 


21.3 


14.8 


76 


6.8 


43.2 


31 


130 


4.1 


27.7 


.60 


5.9 


1,050 


2,170 


3.8 


23.6 


2.4 


21.5 


457 


1,440 


22 


79 


39 


228 


3.8 


21 


2.4 


13.8 


4.6 


21.5 


13.1 


39.0 


12.8 


90.2 


22 


117 


28 


147 


6.0 


35.8 


12.0 


80 


25 


132 


94 


456 


2.0 


17.0 


1.5 


14.0 


14.6 


51 


.8 


4.7 


2.4 


6.7 


2.6 


8.1 


9.4 


44.2 


2.0 


20.7 



Mini- 
mum 

dis- 
charge 

per 
square 
mile. 



South Fork Fortymile River at Franklin.. 

Fortymile River at Steel Creek 

Mosquito Fork at Kechumstuk 

Kechumstuk Creek at mouth 

Wade Creek at claim "No. 10 above" 

Fortyfive Pup at claim No. 13 

North Fork Fortymile River at "kink"... 

Steel Creek at mouth 

Canyon Creek below Squaw Gulch 

Squaw Gulch at claim "No. 1 above" 

American Creek at claim "No. 8 above". . . 

Discovery Fork below Star Gulch 

Seven tymile River at the falls 

Flume Creek J mile above mouth 

Crooked Creek below Eldorado Creek 

Bii'ch Creek above Twelvemile Creek 

Birch Creek below Twelvemile Creek 

Birch Creek below Clums Fork 

Birch Creek above Sheep Creek 

Birch Creek at Fourteenmile House 

Buckley Bar Creek at mouth 

Porcupine Creek below Bonanza Creek 

Crooked Creek at Central House 

Deadwood Creek above Switch Creek 

Nome Creek above Ophir Creek 

Troublesome Creek below Quail Creek 

Minook Creek above Little Minook Creek. . . 

Hoosier Creek at claim "No. 11 above" 

Little Minook Creek at claim "No. 9 above" 

Salcha River at mouth 

Junction Creek above Moose Lake outlet... 

Banner Creek at mouth 

Chena River above Little Chena River 

Little Chena River above Sorrels Creek 

Little Chena River above Fish Creek 

Sorrels Creek above Elliott Creek 

Elliott Creek at mouth 

Fish Creek below Solo Creek 

Fish Creek above Fairbanks Creek 

Fish Creek at mouth 

Washington Creek above Aggie Creek 

Washington Creek below Aggie Creek 

Aggie Creek at mouth 

McManus Creek at mouth 



Chatanika River at Faith Creek. 

Chatanika River at Poker Creek. 
Smith Creek above Pool Creek.. . 

Pool Creek at mouth 

Faith Creek at mouth 



New York Creek at ditch intake 

California Creek at ditch intake 

Pioneer Creek at ditch intake 

Hutlinana Creek below Cairo Creek 

Sullivan Creek above Tofty ditch intake. 



1910-1912.. 

do.... 

....do .... 

do .... 

do 

do .... 

....do .... 
....do.... 
....do .... 
....do .... 

do .... 

....do .... 
....do .... 
....do .... 
....do .... 

1911 

1911-12.... 
1910-11.... 
1911-12.... 
1908-1912.. 
1911-12.... 
1908-1912.. 
1909-1912.. 
....do .... 
1911-12.... 
1908-1910.. 

1908 

1908-9 

do .... 

1909-10.... 
1909-10, 

1912. 
1909-10.... 
1910-1912.. 
1907-8, 1910 
1908-1910- - 
1907-8, 1910 

do .... 

1910-1912.. 

1907-8 

1908,1910.. 

1908 

do .... 

do.... 

1907, 1910- 

1912. 
1907-8, 
1910-1912. 
1907-1912.. 

1911 

do.... 

1907-1911- 

12. 

1908-9 

do .... 

do .... 

1908 

1908-9 



Aug. 2-8, 1910 

Aug. 5-11, 1911.... 

Aug. 2-8, 1910 

do 

July 1-7, 1912 

Aug. 1-7, 1910 

Aug. 4-10, 1911.... 

Aug. 1-7, 1910 

do 

Aug. 4-10, 1911.... 
July 5-11, 1912..... 

July 4-10, 1910 

Aug. 3-9, 1911 

Aug. 23-29, 1910... 

Aug. 1-7, 1910 

Aug. 2-8 

Aug. 1-7, 1911 

Aug. 2-8, 1911 

Aug. 3-9, 1911 

Aug. 4-10, 1911.... 

Aug. 3-9, 1911 

Aug. 7-13, 1911.... 
Aug. 5-11,1911.... 

Sept. 3-9, 1911 

Aug. 3-9, 1911 

Aug. 12-18,1908... 

do 

Aug. 16-22,1909... 
July 17-22, 1908... 
Aug. 10-16, 1910... 
Aug. 15-21,1910... 

Aug. 14-20, 1910... 
Aug. 5-11, 1911.... 
July l.S-21. 1910... 
Aug. 10-16,1910... 

do 

do 

Aug. 1-7, 1911 

Aug. 7-13, 1908.... 
Aug. 9-15, 1910.... 

Aug. 7-13 

Aug. 6-12 

Aug. 7-13 

Aug. 1-7, 1911 



Aug. 3-9, 1911. 



do 

Aug. 1-7 

do 

Aug. 3-9, 1911. 



Aug. 9-15, 1908.. 
Aug. 11-17, 1908. 
Aug. 8-14, 1908.. 
Aug. 22-28...... 

Aug. 25-31, 1909. 



Sec.-ft. 
0.049 
.088 
.055 
.064 
.038 
.067 
.104 
.018 
.118 
.019 
.087 
.068 
.292 
.470 
.087 
.133 
.138 
.084 
.103 
.101 
.031 
.061 
.028 
.057 
.195 
.157 
.2.38 
.148 
.102 
.484 
.161 

.112 
.317 
.278 
.171 
.181 
.174 
.214 
.336 
.142 
.188 
.190 
.167 
.150 

.189 

.206 
.118 
.107 
.286 

.170 
.358 
.321 
.213 
.097 



WATER POWER. 
GENERAL. CONDITIONS. 

Tlie development of water power in the Yukon-Tanana region, 
with, the exception of a small plant on Poker Creek, has not gone beyond 
the period of prehminary investigation. It would be physically pos- 
sible to develop considerable power on certain streams in this region 
during the summer months, but it is very doubtful if such an enter- 
prise would pay. 



WATER POWER. 327 

Aside from a few small lode miines and municipal purposes the 
market for power at the present time depends entirely on the needs 
of the placers. 

In 1912 one dredge was in operation in the Fairbanks district, one 
in the Birch Creek basin, and three in the Fortymile basin. The 
total horsepower required to operate these five dredges was probably 
less than 1,000. The underground placer mines in the Fairbanks 
district consume considerable power in hoisting the gravel and pump- 
ing water, but as most of them are operated under separate manage- 
ment with adequate facilities for developing power already installed 
it is not likely that their aggregate demand would be more than a 
few hundred horsepower. Deep placer mining is already declining, 
and it is doubtful if its needs should be taken into account at all in 
estimating the future market for hydroelectric energy. More dredges 
wiU undoubtedly be installed in this region in the future and lode 
mining will probably increase. 

The largest steam plant in the Yukon-Tanana region is that of 
the Northern Commercial Co., at Fairbanks, which furnishes electric 
light, steam heat, and water service for the town. The plant has an 
aggregate boiler capacity of 620 horsepower, with an average annual 
fuel consumxption of about 8,000 cords of wood. 

The problem of obtaining power is becoming more serious as the 
fuel supply diminishes. So far wood has been used exclusively for 
the development of steam, and each year its cost increases because 
of the greater distance it has to be transported. The economy of a 
steam plant located in the center of a heavily timbered area to 
develop electricity for general distribution might be worthy of 
consideration. 

The lignites of the Nenana coal fields ^ south of Fairbanks will 
always offer a possibility for power development and should be care- 
fully considered before any large water-power installation is under- 
taken. 

One of the strongest arguments against the use of water for power 
in this latitude is the short season that it would be available and the 
resulting necessity of an auxiliary steam plant to supplement the defi- 
cient water supply during the spring and auturon and during the low- 
water periods of the summer, and to supply the total demand from 
perhaps the middle of November until the middle of May. 

During 1909-10 a hydroelectric plant with a maximum capacity 
of 10,000 horsepower was installed in the Yukon Territory on Klon- 
dike Kiver, about 25 miles from Dawson. The water is diverted from 
North Fork of Klondike River and carried in a ditch for several miles 
into Klondike River valley, where a head of 234 feet is obtained. 
Nothing definite is known regarding the success of the plant, but the 

iCapps. S. R., The Bonnifield region, Alaska: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 501, pp. 54-62, 1912. 



328 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

similarity of the climatic and economic conditions under which it 
was built and is operated to those existing in the Yukon-Tanana 
region and the fact that it is the only hydroelectric plant of conse- 
quence yet installed that does come under those conditions, should 
make it invaluable as an object lesson for prospective investors. 

A small hydroelectric plant was installed on Poker Creek about 30 
miles from Fairbanks in 1907-8. The water was obtained from 
Poker, Little Poker, and Caribou creeks and carried to a point on 
Chatanika River, where a head of about 80 feet was obtained. It is 
understood that the plant was not successfully operated because 
of tack of water and various other reasons peculiar to management 
and operation. 

The streams of the Yukon-Tanana region are subject to large 
variations in flow. The maximum discharge may be several hundred 
times the minimum. Most of the ice and snow that accumulates 
in the winter melts during May and June. If the excess water of 
that period could be stored and Tendered subject to power demands 
several streams on which the minimum flow is naturally too low 
to permit economic development might offer favorable possibilities. 
There are, however, no natural reservoir sites or lakes at a sufficient 
elevation that could be used for storage. 

The grades of the streams are remarkably uniform, showing very 
few concentrated falls of consequence. Pressure would have to be 
obtained by carr3ring the diverted water in ditches or pipes for a 
distance sufficient to furnish the required head. 

POWER SITES. 
FORTYMILE RIVER BASIN. 

Near the headwaters of the tributaries of Fort37-mile River there are 
a number of points where the streams have considerable grades and 
might furnish feasible sites for water-power plants, if the demand were 
ever sufficient. However, at most of these sites the summer minimum 
is so low that it would seriously hamper operations. The basin 
offers no adequate storage possibilities. 

At present the most likely market for hydroelectric power appears 
to be offered by the possible installation of dredges on Chicken Creek, 
Wade Creek, South Fork, and the main Fortymile below the forks. 
Most available for supplying such a market are the following: 

On Dennison Fork in the vicinity of the forks, 12 miles above the 
mouth, the topographic map shows a fall in the stream of about 
200 feet in 10 miles. A portion of this fall might be capable of 
development by a ditch diversion to a lower point in the valley. 
The minimum flow in summer is approximately 100 second-feet. 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 342 PLATE IX 




A. NORTH FORK OF FORTYMILE RIVER AT THE "KINK." 




B. FALLS ON SEVENTYMILE RIVER. 



WATER POWKB. 8^9 

Between the mouths of Kechumstuk and Chicken creeks, in a 
distance of about 28 miles, Mosquito Fork falls 600 feet. The fall 
is greatest in the upper portion, where the stream emerges from the 
old valley floor above Kechumstuk and enters the present one, and 
the topography and geologic formation seem better suited for eco- 
nomical ditch construction in this portion than lower down. It is 
estimated that about 12 miles of ditch diverting from the left of 
Mosquito Fork below the mouth of Kechumstuk Creek would carry 
water to a point near the mouth of Gold Creek where a head of 100 
to 150 feet would be available. The minimum flow is approximately 
45 second-feet. This supply might be augmented by a ditch about 
8 miles long, diverting from Gold Creek, which probably has a mini- 
mum of about 10 second-feet. A head of 100 feet and a minimum 
flow of 55 second-feet should be capable of producing 500 horsepower 
for 5 months of the year. The flow of Mosquito Fork is shown in the 
tables. (See p. 77.) 

On North Fork two points ofi^er possibilities for power development. 
About a mile below the union of North and Middle forks there is a 
rapids in which the river has a very sharp grade for a short distance, 
but its amount is not known. The river at this point has a flow 
practicaUy the same as that at the ''kink." (See p. 95.) 

About 10 miles below the junction of North and Middle forks, 
the river formerly followed a large meander locally known as the 
''kink." Although the distance around it was 2| miles, the two 
channels at the neck of the meander were separated by a sharp rock 
ridge only about 100 feet high and about 100 feet wide at the water 
level. Several years ago a channel was blasted through the rock 
ridge to divert the water and thus drain the meander for mining. 
A fall of about 17 feet was thus concentrated in a horizontal distance 
of about 100 feet. A view of the "kink" is shown in Plate IX, J.. 
The minimum discharge of North Fork is estimated at about 200 
second-feet, and this with an available head of 17 feet should be 
capable of supplying 300 horsepower from about May 15 to October 1. 
A large portion of the season the flow would be greater. (See horse- 
power table, p. 332.) 

SEVENTYMILE RIVER BASIN. 

From Diamond Fork to the mouth, a distance of about 53 miles 
following the general trend of the valley, Seventymile River has ^ 
fall of over 2,000 feet. From Diamond Fork to Barney Creek it 
falls 1,400 feet in 25 miles. There are no concentrated falls in this 
stretch, but ditches diverting at favorable points could make available 
considerable fall in comparatively short distances. At a point about 
one-half mile below Washington Creek the river passes into a rock 



330 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANAKA REGION, ALASKA. 

canyon, where it falls rapidly for about 300 feet and has a concen- 
trated fall of about 9 feet. (See PL IX, B.) The head which could 
be developed is about 15 feet and probably 200 horsepower could be 
depended upon throughout the summer. (See horsepower table, 
p. 332.) There is no present power market in view on Seventymile 
River. There is considerable wood for fuel in the basin and this 
would probably furnish the most economical source of power for 
many years. 

BIRCH CREEK BASIN. 

Records of stream flow have been kept in the Birch Creek basin at 
various points since 1908. They show that a very low run-off should 
be expected for about a month during the middle of the summer. 
There is also a period of low flow in the fall before the freeze-up. The 
creek falls 1,000 feet between the mouth of Twelvemile Creek and a 
point in the flats about 15 miles below South Fork. The distance is 
about 70 miles by map measure. The topographic map shows a fall 
of about 20 feet per mile in the vicinity of Great Unknown Creek and 
Clums Fork ; also for several miles above and below the South Fork. 
There is no doubt but that considerable power could be developed 
for three or four months each summer (see table, p. 332), but the 
conditions along the stream are not very favorable for ditch construc- 
tion. Considerable rock work or fluming would have to be done. 

CHATANIKA RIVER BASIN. 

Chatanika River offers perhaps the most favorable opportunity 
for hydroelectric development of any of the streams in. Fairbanks 
district. By constructing a ditch for 12 or 15 miles along the river, 
diverting water from a point near the junction of Faith and McManus 
creeks, a head of about 400 feet could be obtained. Daily records of 
stream flow were kept at this point during parts of the summers of 
1907-8 and 1910-1912. (See p. 281.) The minimum flow recorded 
during that period was 24 second-feet from August 4 to 8, 1911. 
From 800 to 1,000 horsepower could probably be developed at this 
point from the later part of May until the later part of September. 
(See table, p. 332.) A transmission line about 40 miles in length 
would reach the center of the mining district. 

From Kokomo Creek to Poker Creek, a distance of about 10 miles, 
the river drops 100 feet. Daily records of stream flow were kept 
at Poker Creek during the summers of 1907-1912. (See p. 285.) 
The minimum recorded flow was 87 second-feet, which could produce 
from 700 to 800 horsepower under a 100-foot head. (See table, p. 
332.) 

From Faith Creek to Eldorado Creek, a distance of about 50 miles 
the river falls through a height of about 800 feet. 



WAa:ER POWER. 331 

WASHINGTON CREEK. 

Washington Creek has been considered as a source of power. 
During 1908 daily records were kept at the junction of Aggie Creek, 
below which there is a fall of approximately 200 feet in about 8 miles. 
The records, however, indicate an insufficient supply for power 
development, unless considerable storage could be provided, which 
probably would not be feasible. 

CHENA RIVER BASIN. 

No particularly favorable opportunities for water-power develop- 
ment are laiown to exist in the Chena River basin. From a study 
of the topographic map the Chena shows a relatively high gradient 
above North Fork, but the stream-flow data are hardly sufficient to 
warrant any estimate of the power that could be developed. 

In the Little Chena basin considerable study of the water supply 
was made in 1907, 1908, and 1910. It was proposed to gather the 
water from the upper tributaries at an elevation of about 900 feet, 
and convey it by ditch line to a point in the lower dra^inage area 
on the right bank of the river, where a fall of about 200 feet could be 
obtained. The water supply was found to be entirely inadequate. 

SUMMARY. 

The records of stream flow at points showing the greatest possibility 
for water-power development have been briefly summarized in the 
table below. In comparing the columns showing days of deficient 
discharge for several years on any stream, allowance should be made 
for the difference in the length of periods and also for the part of the 
season covered by the records. Ordinarily the longer the period the 
greater will be the number of days of deficient discharge for any given 
number of horsepower and the less favorable will be the comparison 
with some other year in which the records extend over a shorter length 
of time. Also the days of deficient discharge will be a greater per- 
centage of the total number of days if the observations include only 
the low-water months. 

The table gives the horsepower (80 per cent efficiency) per foot 
of fall that may be developed at different rates of discharge and shows 
the number of days on which the discharge and the corresponding 
horsepower were respectively less than the amounts given in the 
colunms for ''discharge" and ''horsepower." 



332 SURFACE WATER StJPPLY OF YtTKOK-TAlTANA REGION, ALASKA. 



Estimated discharge and horsepower for North Fork of Forty mile and Seventyrnile rivers 

for 1910-1912. 





Horsepower 
per foot 
fall (80 
per cent 

efficiency). 




Days of deficient discharg 


3. 




Discharge in 
second-feet. 


North Fork of Fortymile River at 
the "kink." 


Seventyrnile River at the falls. 




July 9 to 

Sept. 23, 

1910. 


May 19 to 

Sept. 20, 

1911. 


May 5 to 

Oct. 13, 

1912. 


June 16 to 

Sept. 30, 

1910. 


June 20 to 

Sept. 5, 

1911. 


May 3 to 

Oct. 18, 

1912. 


110 


10 
12 
14 
16 
18 
20 
22 
24 
26 
28 
30 
35 
40 











5 
16 
30 
42 
43 
47 
50 
57 
61 
64 
71 
74 




132 













154 






1 
3 
5 
9 

10 
10 
17 
19 
22 
23 






3 


176 








6 


198 








4 

10 
16 
22 
31 
33 
49 
57 


8 


220 



1 

4 
7 

11 
17 
25 
35 




13 


242 




19 


264 




22 


286 




26 


308... 




60 


330 



2 
4 


63 


385 


96 


440 


101 







Estimated discharge and horsepower for ChataniJca River and Birch Creek for 1907-1912. 





Horse- 


Days of deficient discharge. 






















power 
















Birch Creek 




per 


Chatanika River below Faith 


Chatanika River below Poker 


above 


Discharge 
in second- 
feet 


foot 
fall 
(80 
per 






Creek. 








Creek. 


Sheep 
Creek. 
































cent 


June 


July 


May 


May 


May 


June 


May 


May 


May 


May 


June 


Jiuie 


May 




effici- 


21 to 


13 to 


25 to 


24 to 


15 to 


20 to 


16 to 


9 to 


17 to 


6 to 


13 to 


Ito 


8 to 




ency). 


Sept. 


Sept. 


Sept. 


Sept. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Oct. 


Oct. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Oct. 


Sept. 


Sept. 






30, 


30, 


25, 


24, 


30, 


14, 


21, 


5, 


29, 


19tl. 


26, 


30, 


22, 






1907. 


1908. 


1910. 


1911. 


1912. 


1907. 


1908. 


1909. 


1910. 


1 1912. 


1911. 


1912. 


22 


2 

2.5 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
12 
14 









6 
14 
22 
25 
36 
45 
54 
62 
67 
71 
74 




















28 


























33 



13 

16 
29 
39 
47 
52 
56 
69 
73 
























44 


""'"6" 

2 

4 

19 

35 

57 




14 
29 
34 
37 
39 
45 
47 
54 




















55 




12 
21 

32 
39 
49 
64 

75 


















66 


















77 











4 
11 
24 
30 
41 


""6" 



3 
7 

13 
20 
23 




88 








2 

5 

17 

26 




2 

3 

22 

40 




99 








110 








132 








154 









176 


16 


77 


58 


64 


76 


85 


5 





27 


49 


44 


3 


24 




198 


18 


78 


65 


69 


77 


90 


17 


5 


39 


55 


59 


16 


29 





220 


20 


82 


66 


79 


79 


98 


27 


27 


46 


60 


66 


31 


32 


g 







HYDRAULIC METHODS. 

The methods of mining that have been practiced in the Yukon- 
Tanana region have not as a rule required the use of large quantities 
of water under pressure. 

Several small hydraulic plants have been installed, but the value 
of the gold recovered by such means is relatively small. They are 
briefly described in connection with the basins in which they are 
located. 



HYDEAULIC METHODS. 333 

Nearly all the areas now being worked by hydraulic methods 
are creek deposits in which the gold-bearing gravel Ues at shallow 
depths. The bench deposits so far known are few and small. The 
gradients of the bedrock that underhes the creek deposits are inva- 
riably too low to pemiit hydraulicking without elevating the gravel. 
Hydraulic elevators require about twice as much water to raise the 
gravel as is needed to deliver the material to it. A few small ones 
have been installed and operated in this region, and without exception 
they have proved unsuccessful. A system of raising the gravels to 
the sluice boxes that is now being practiced by three plants in the 
Birch Creek basin has been found to be superior to elevators, at least 
under the conditions in that section. The plant on Mammoth Creek, 
the largest of the three, was described in a pre^dous report ^ as follows: 

Mammoth Creek has a very low grade, and in order to overcome this difficulty 
a plant was installed which is novel in Alaska but is identical in principle to the one 
installed on Eagle Creek in 1908. The general plan of operation is as follows: First, 
a bedrock drain is excavated to dispose of the water in the cut and to carry away the 
overlying muck, which is hydi'aulicked off from the gravels to be handled by the first 
set-up. A channel is then groundsluiced back of and above the cut and opposite 
the hydraulic giants. In this channel substantially constructed sluice boxes (with 
block riffles), similar in design to those ordinarily used in hydraulicking, are set up 
with a grade depending on the character of the gravels to be washed. A sheet-iron 
back stop about 10 feet high is then erected back of and against the boxes. The auiifer- 
ous gravels are driven directly by the water from the nozzles of the giants against 
the back stop, from which they drop into the sluice boxes. A gravel incline is formed 
in front of the boxes by the stream of water as soon as operations are begun, 
and for this reason the force of the moving gravel is not expended against the sides 
of the boxes. The water for transporting and washing the gravel, after it is dropped 
into the boxes, is diverted from the creek about 1 mile above and carried in a ditch 
to the head of the sluice and after passing through is carried away in the bedrock 
drain. The tailings which accumulate at the end of the sluice are "piped" back out 
of the way by a separate giant set up at any convenient place. It is not ordinarily 
necessary to operate this giant continuously. The frequency with which the tailings 
have to be moved depends on the dumping room at the end of the boxes and the 
rate at which the gravel is being moved. This process does, however, require a 
quantity of water which should be taken into account in considering the supply 
necessary for such a system. 

This method is especially adapted to working creek deposits with medium depths 
of gravel, where the slope of the bedrock is insufficient to permit the removal of the 
taihngs by gravity. It has several advantages over elevators. The initial expense 
is less and the water required is less. No such heavy parts are required, which is 
an important item, especially in the more remote districts, where transportation is 
always expensive and often uncertain. The cost of set-ups is not as great and the 
chances of delay incident to repairs and replacement of parts are no greater than in 
ordinary hydraulicking. 

The system includes about 10 miles of ditch (see p. 182), the longest 
in the Yukon-Tanana region. Many other ditches have been built, 

1 Ellsworth, C. E., Placer mining in the Yukon-Tanana region: U, S. Geol. Survey Bull. 442, pp. 236- 
237,1909. 



334 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP YUKON-TANANA REGION^ ALASKA. 

but they are relatively small and experience in such, work has been 
rather slight. 

On Seward Peninsula over 400 miles of ditch with a capacity of 
20 second-feet or greater has been built. Frozen ground has caused 
serious difficulties there as well as in the Yukon-Tanana region. (See 
p. 183.) Methods of construction and means of overcoming difficulties 
have been described by Heashaw and Parker^ as follows: 

Ditches are constructed by several different methods, according to the conditions 
of the ground encountered. Horses have been used for the work wherever possible. 
In one method the ground is first prepared by removing the moss and turf from a 
strip 40 or 50 feet wide on either side of the ditch. This should be done, if possible, 
the summer before actual construction is begun, in order that the ground may thaw 
more readily. Actual construction begins with plowing, after which some of the ma- 
terial is moved with a grader from the upper side of the ditch to the lower bank until 
a practically flat bench is produced. The cut is then excavated with horse scrapers 
down to grade, and the material piled up on the lower bank. The ditch is finished by 
hand, and both bottom and bank are trimmed to an even grade and alignment. The 
method above described is practicable where the ground contains only small or 
medium sized rocks and is about the cheapest and most rapid that can be used, but it 
requires exceptionally favorable conditions to make it a success. Where the ground is 
naturally unfrozen or can be made to thaw easily, and where other conditions are 
similar to those encountered in a temperate climate, no difficulty is experienced. 

T\Tierever the ground is frozen muck, or so-called glacier, it melts rather slowly 
when exposed to the air, and the work of excavation must be done by hand while it 
thaws. The best practice is to keep exposed as large an area as possible and to remove 
the soil in thin layers. Practically all of the ditches north of the mountains were built 
by this method. 

More or less rock work has to be done on all ditches. Some of them have had to pass 
around cliffs of practically solid rock where the construction required, a large amount 
of blasting. Rock cuts offer no problems not met in other fields except in the method 
of making the ditch tight, which is done by the use of a peculiarly tough and tenacious 
sod abundant in many places in the north. The sod is cut with mattocks into pieces 
1 to 2 feet square and placed in the ditch, bottom up. Two layers are usually placed 
in the bottom, breaking joints as well as possible, and the whole is carefully and 
solidly tamped into place. The sides of the ditch are made tight with a sod wall, 
the pieces being laid one above another, bottom up. Where the sod is above the water 
line part of the time, the grass usually continues to grow and its living roots bind the 
material more closely and firmly together. The best sod, and the only kind which 
fully meets the requirements, is that containing grass roots and very little moss, 
for the moss is less tenacious and decays more rapidly. Grass, however, is not abun- 
dant in many places, and it is therefore often necessary to use sod of inferior quality, 
with correspondingly unsatisfactory results. For example, on the Fairhaven ditch 
there is a great deal of rockwork and much frozen ground which becomes very soft 
on thawing, and a great deal of sod was needed. Sod could be found only in small 
isolated patches, and much of it had to be taken from the river bottoms far below the 
line of the ditch at considerable expense. In the Kougarok region, however, sod is 
fairly abundant and has been used very freely, and in southern Seward Peninsula 
eod of a good quality can usually be found. 

1 Henshaw, F. F., and Parker, G. L., Surface water supply of Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U. S. Geol, 
Survey Water-Supply Paper 314, pp. 258-260, 1913. 



HYDEAULIC METHODS. 335 

Canvas has been used in some places to line ditches, but it is expensive and is 
reported to be not wholly satisfactory. If it is disturbed after it is once laid down, 
it is likely to be torn, in which event it becomes practically useless. 

In ground composed largely, of frozen muck or ground ice special methods and pre- 
cautions must be used. This material when it thaws leaves a soft residue, largely mud 
and decomposed vegetable matter, which may be only 20 or 30 per cent of the original 
volume. Water flowing across such material causes it to thaw rapidly, and con- 
sequently when a ditch is built thi'ough it precautions must be taken to prevent too 
much thawing. Where the muck is present the portion nearest the surface usually 
contains much more earthy matter than that just below, and in many places there is a 
layer of blue clay just beneath the moss. The vegetable matter close to the surface 
is also less completely decayed and therefore more solid and tenacious than that lower 
down. If this sui'face covering is allowed to remain in place and the ditch built over 
it by building up the lower bank with sod and with material stripped from the top, 
good results can usually be obtained. WTien the stripping is carried to just about the 
right depth, the water, after being tiu'ned into the ditch, will cause the ground to 
thaw a little. The bottom will settle a few inches, and then the ditch practically 
builds itself, so that eventually the water is carried in a section entirely below the 
surface of the ground, and the ditch can not leak, because its sides are all soft, finely 
divided material, mostly muck and clay, backed by solid and impervious frozen 
ground. These ideal conditions are generally aimed at by ditch builders, but are 
attained only at certain localities and by special care in building and watchfulness 
in maintaining the ditch. 

Most of the Fabhaven ditch was built in 1906, before builders had gained much 
experience with ground of this character. Through most of its course it passes over 
ground that generally is permanently frozen. The ditch was built under a contract 
which called for a cut of 12 inches below the ground surface of the lower bank, and 
the contractors were held rigidly to the specifications. As a result, ail the surface 
covering was removed, and the ditch bottom was made in frozen ground containing 
only a small percentage of solid material. When the water was turned in this frozen 
muck thawed and the ditch settled in some places 3 or 4 feet. The material thus 
melted yielded enough solid matter so that in many places a fairly good bottom 
resulted and the thawing did not progress any farther. At other points the ditch 
bottom practically sank "out of sight." The water cut under the lower bank and bad 
breaks resulted. 

The Candle ditch -^^ * * was built in a drainage basin adjacent to that in 
which the Fairhaven ditch is located and encountered much ground of a similar 
character, but apparently containing a somewhat higher percentage of solid matter. 
It is smaller than the Fairhaven ditch and was built with a cut on thQ lower bank of 
about 8 or 9 inches. This ditch has settled in a great many places, but when the 
writer last visited it, in 1909, it was on the whole in somewhat better condition than 
the Fairhaven ditch. In one section where the ground had cut badly the ditch had 
evidently been given an excessive grade, and the water attained a velocity sufficient 
to scour away the fine material as it thawed. As a result a deep cut was eroded, and 
only the fact that this occurred on flat ground prevented a bad break. 

The necessity of keeping the grade of the ditch and the velocity of the water low in 
ground of this character is very important and can not be too strongly emphasized. 
The Fairhaven ditch was laid out with a grade of 4.22 feet to the mile, and as it was 
designed to carry water to depths of 2 feet or more the resulting velocities were rather 
high, a condition which contributed in no small degree to the cutting that resulted in 
the soft ground. The grade of the Candle ditch was only 3.69 feet to the mile and the 
ditch itself is of smaller dimensions, so that the resulting velocities were lower and 
the difficulties encountered correspondingly less. 



336 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TANANA REGION, ALASKA. 

In many places a ditch in ground of this character should not be given a grade 
greater than 2^ feet to the mile. The ditch can be built wide and with a shallow cut. 
It will then "make itself" at a very small expense, and the low velocity resulting 
will tend to give a permanent and satisfactory waterway. 

The Miocene ditch is described as follows: ^ 

One of the most notable examples of successful flume construction over frozen ground 
that has been seen by the writer is that on the Miocene ditch. This flume is 1,100 feet 
long and has a width of 8 feet and a depth of 28 inches. It was constructed in 1901, 
and until 1906 or 1907 it retained practically. perfect alignment, both horizontal and 
vertical. No extensive repairs were necessary on it until 1909. In putting in the 
foundation trenches were dug 3 or 4 feet in the frozen ground, which was practically 
all ice. A sill was laid in the bottom of the trench and the uprights fastened to this 
sill. The excavated material was then replaced in the trenches and allowed to freeze 
again into its original condition. Sod was carefully placed over the trench, the 
uprights were then sawed off to grade, and the flume constructed on them. Even 
with all these precautions, however, at the end of about eight years the flume was in 
such bad shape that extensive repairs had to be made. 

Seepage losses ^ on ditches in Seward Peninsula have been found 
to be a serious factor and should be taken into account in planning 
a water supply. The average loss per mile under varying conditions 
of supply, size, character of ditch, and cUmate was about 0.5 second- 
foot. The actual loss per mile varies from almost no loss at all to as 
much as 1 second-foot and in a few places where unusually porous 
soil was encountered to even greater amounts. 

CONCLUSIONS. 

Scope. — ^The conclusions of this report in regard to the water 
supply and factors controlUng it in the Yukon-Tanana region are 
summarized below. They are only intended to present concisely 
the general conditions in this region and are necessarily incomplete. 
They represent the writer's interpretation of the available data and 
the natural conditions and for a more comprehensive presentation 
one is referred to the published records and the discussions thereof. 

To'pografhy. — Characteristically, the region is a dissected upland. 
From a distance it appears hilly or mountainous, but in reality its 
predominating feature is a series of long branching ridges of remark- 
ably uniform elevation. 

This Idnd of topography is essentially unfavorable for mining pur- 
poses — ^first, because of the small catchment area above the diversion 
point of the stream on which the mine is located; second, because of 
the absence of large adjoining basins lying above the general level of 
the mines from which the immediate supply can be augmented by 
reasonable length ditches or pipe hues ; third, because of the absence 
of natural storage basins; and fourth, because of the low uniform 
stream grades. 

1 Henshaw, F. F., and Parker, G. L., op. cit., p. 262. 

2 Idem, pp. 263-269, 



CONCLUSION. 337 

Temperature. — The temperattire is characterized by extreme ranges, 
both annual and monthly. Summer temperatures above 90° and 
winter temperatures below —70° have occasionally been reported. 
The mean monthly temperature is below 32° for seven months of the 
year, and a large portion of the area is permanently frozen to great 
depths. This condition is an obstacle to ground storage, for it tends 
to cause the rainfall to run directly into the streams, resulting in a 
less uniform distribution of the run-off, and consequently a very 
"flashy" and widely fluctuating stream flow almost directly dependent 
upon precipitation. Because of the low temperatures the evapora- 
tion is probably much less than in the more southern latitudes. 

Precipitation. — The estimated mean annual precipitation of the 
region is about 12 inches. The annual precipitation at a certain 
point varies between relatively wide hmits as does also the precipi- 
tation at different points for the same year. Approximately 60 per 
cent of the annual precipitation falls dinging the four months, June, 
July, August, and September, in rather Hght general rains and fre- 
quent small showers. The favorable distribution of the rainfall is 
largely counteracted by its small amount and by various unfavorable 
conserving factors. 

Vegetation. — The average elevation of timber Hne is about 2,500 
feet above sea level. Spruce is the most common, and in the valley 
bottom near the watercourses much of it attains diameters of 18 to 
24 inches. Back from the watercourses and on the valley slopes it 
is usually stunted and is seldom suitable for milhng, but has fur- 
nished a fair supply for fuel. White birch is common on southern 
slopes at low elevations, and small stands of cottonwood are found 
along many of the larger streams. Dense growths of alder and 
willows fringe the smaller streams and occupy the higher gulches 
and ravines. 

The supply of wood suitable for fuel or lumber has been greatly 
depleted by fires and near the centers of development is being rapidly 
exhausted by industrial uses. 

The amount of moisture absorbed by vegetable growth is probably 
less than in more southern latitudes. Normally the ground is nearly 
everyw^here covered by a thick mantle of moss, which, where not 
destroyed by fire, undoubtedly aids in regulating the stream flow. 

Water supply. — The water supply or run-off is a function of several 
factors, the more important of which are precipitation, temperature, 
topography, vegetation, and evaporation. In the Yukon-Tanana 
region the stream flow resulting from these factors is generally 
unfavorable for hydrauUc development. The winter supply is entirely 
inadequate for any mining, except perhaps for working small lodes. 
In fact, on many of the streams it is practically nil. In summer the 

42913°— WSP 342—15 22 



338 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY OF YUKON-TAN^ ANA EEGION, ALASKA. 

stream flow fluctuates widely, with a great sensitiveness to the rain- 
fall, so that during periods of deficient rainfall the run-ofl becomes 
relatively" very low. This characteristic is of great practical impor- 
tance because thereby the controlling consideration in most hydraulic 
development in this region becomes the question of the minimum 
flow. The records of minimum weekly run-off in second-feet per 
square mile from, representative drainage areas have been summarized 
and discussed on pages 325 and 326, and they are worthy of careful 
study. 

Water power. — ^The conditions of the Yukon-Tanana region are 
particularly unfavorable for the development of water power. The 
combinations of low minimum rim-ofl (see p. 326) without natural 
storage or favorable means of developing artificial storage, of low and 
uniform stream grades, of short seasons, and of variable market 
make the use of water power a last resort. 

Hydraulic mining. — The uniform topographic features, low mini- 
mum run-off, lack of storage faciUties, and low stream gradients, 
just indicated as the principal objection to the development of water 
power, are probably of more serious consequence in hydrauHc mining 
because for such uses the point at which the water must be dehvered 
under pressure is wherever the gold occiu*s, whereas water power may 
be generated many miles from where it is to be used and transmitted 
in the form of electric energy. 

There may be gold deposits in this region that can be recovered 
more economically by hydrauhc methods than by other means, but 
the two most important factors in the operation of a hydrauHc plant 
are not naturally available. The first requirement, an ample water 
supply under a sufiicient head, is everywhere expensive and in some 
locahties is practically impossible to obtain. The second and almost 
equally important factor, a natural stream grade sufficient to remove 
the tailings without elevating the gravel, is nowhere available except 
for bench deposits, which so far as known are of minor importance in 
this region. 



INDEX. 



A. 



Page. 



Acme Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 181 

Aggie Creek at mouth 275 

Albert Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 212 

Alder Creek at claim "No. 7 above" 140-143 

Allen Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 314 

Altitudes of mountain ranges 17 

American Creek at claim ''No. 8 above". . . 122-125 

at United States pumping plant 125 

Anderson, C. E . , work of 12 

Applegate Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 322 

Aubiim Mining Co.'s camp. Dome Creek at. 109-110 

B. 

Bachelor Creek below Costa Fork. 178-179 

miscellaneous ir.easuren:ents of 181 

Baker Creek at road crossing 307-308 

North Fork of, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 314 

Baker Creek drainage basin, description of. 306-307 

miscellaneous measurements of 314 

stream flow in 306-322 

Banner Creek at mouth 235-237 

miscellaneous measurements of 237 

Barney Creek above ditch intake 143-144 

miscellaneous measurements of 154 

Barney Creek ditch below the forks 144-145 

Bear Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 105, 180, 181, 217,270 

Beaver Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 217 

Beaver Creek drainage basin, description of. 212-213 

miscellaneous measurements of 217 

stream flow in 212-217 

BeUe Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 303 

Big Windy Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 181 

Birch Creek above Twelvemile Creek 156-157 

above Sheep Creek 162-164 

at Fourteenmile House 164-169 

below Clums Fork 160-162 

below Great Unknown Creek 159-160 

below Twelvemile Creek 157-159 

estimated discharge and horsepower for. 332 
North Fork of, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 181 

South Fork of, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 181 

Birch Creek drainage basin, description of. 155-156 

miscellaneous measurements of 180-181 

stream flow in 155-181 

Bonanza Creek above ditch intake 192-194 

below ditch intake 194-1 9 



Page. 

Bonanza ditch at intake 206-208 

below junction with Porcupine Branch. . 209 

near outlet 210-211 

Boston Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 303 

Boulder Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 212 

Break-up and freeze-up on St. Michael Bay. . 22 

on tributary streams of Yukon River 22 

on Yukon River 21-22 

Brigham Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 217 

Broken Neck Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 154 

Brooks, A. H. , work of 12 

Bryan Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 217 

Bryant Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of • 154 

Buckeye Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 237,271 

Buckley Bar Creek at mouth 174-176 

Buckskiu Creek above Fortyfive Pup 88-90 

miscellaneous measurements of 94 

Bullion Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 105 

Butte Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 180 

C. 
Cache Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 324 

California Creek at ditch intake. . .■ 310-311 

Camp Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 119 

Canyon Creek below Squaw Gulch 113-116 

miscellaneous measurements of 119, 237 

Caribou Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 303 

Cassia Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 303 
Champion Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 105, 217 

Chapman Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 233 

Charity Creek above Homestake Creek 297-299 

miscellaneous measurements of 303 

daily precipitation at 34 

Chatanika ditch near outlet 291-292 

Chatanika River below Faith Creek 280-285 

below Poker Creek 285-291 

estimated discharge and horsepower for. 332 
hydrograph showing daily discharge oT. 

286 (PI. VIII) 

miscellaneous measurements of 302 

Chatanika River drainage basin, description 

of 276-277 

miscellaneous measurements of 302-303 

stream flow in 276-303 

339 



340 



INDEX. 



Page. 
Chatham Creek, miscellaneous measiirements 

of 303 

Chena River above Little Chena River 245-248 

above Shamrock Creek 244-245 

North Fork of, below Monument Creek. 249-250 

miscellaneous measurements of 251 

South Fork of, above Monument Creek. 248-249 
West Fork of, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of , 251 

Chena River drainage basin, description of. 243-244 

miscellaneous measurements of 251 

stream flow in 243-270 

Chicken Creek, daily precipitation at 35 

miscellaneous measurements of 94 

Circle Hot Springs, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 212 

Circle quadrangle, reconnaissance map of.. 

In pocket (PL XI) 
Claim "No. 6 below," Goldstream Creek at. 304-305 
Claim "No. 7 above," Montana Creek at. . . 102-104 
Claim "No. 8 above," American Creek at. . 122-125 
Claim "No. 9 above," Independence Creek 

at 195-196 

Claim "No. 10 above," Wade Creek at 85-88 

Claim "No. 11 above," Hoosier Creek at. . . 229-232 

Claim No. 13, Fortyfive Pup at 91-93 

Claim " No. 17 above," Hunter Creek at 232 

Cleary , daily precipitation at 33 

Clear y Creek , miscellaneous rpeasurements of . 303 

Climate of region 18-41 

Clums Fork below Munson Creek 172-173 

miscellaneous measurements of 181 

Comet Creek , miscellaneous measurements of . 105 

Confederate Creek at mouth 98 

Costa Fork, miscellaneous measurements of. . 181 

Covert, C. C.,workof 12 

Cripple Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 303 

Crooked Creek above Eldorado Creek 149-151 

at Central House 188-192 

daily precipitation at 36 

miscellaneous measurements of 181, 303 

Crooked Creek drainage basin, description 

of 181,182 

miscellaneous measurements of 212 

stream flow in 181-212 

Current meters, description of 52 

views of 52 (PI. Ill) 

Curtis Bar Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 154 

D. 

Data, accuracy of 56, 57 

use of 54-56 

Davenport, R. W., work of 13 

Davis Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 94 

Deadwood Creek above Switch Creek 200-204 

Deep Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 94, 

154, 303 
Dennison Fork of South Fork of Fortymfle 

River at mouth 68-69 

Dick Dole Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of . . - 119 

Discharge measurements during winter 47 

Discovery Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 119 

Discovery I'ork of American Creek below 

Star Gulch 127-130 

daily precipitation at 37 



Division of work, details of 12, 13 

Dome Creek at Auburn Mining Co.'s camp. 109,110 
Dome Creek ditch, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 303 

E. 

Eagle, daily j)recipitation at 25-28 

monthly temperature at 19 

Yukon River at 62-66 

view of 62 (PI. V) 

Eagle Creek, hydraulicking on, view show- 
ing 63 (PL VI) 

Miller Fork of, miscellaneous 

measurements of 180 

Eldorado Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 303 

Elephant Gulch, miscellaneous measurements 

of.: 322 

Elliott Creek near mouth 259, 260 

Ellsworth, C. E., work of 12, 13 

Equivalents, convenient, list of. 50 

Eureka Creek drainage basin, description of. . 315 

miscellaneous measurements of 318 

stream flow in 315-318 

Eureka Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 318 



Fairbanks, daily precipitation at 28-31 

monthly temperature at 19,20 

Fairbanks Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 270 

Fairbanks quadrangle, recormaissance map 

of In pocket (PL XII) 

Faith Creek at mouth 295-297 

daily precipitation at 33 

Fiftymile River at Whitehorse, Yukon 

Territory 67 

Fish Creek at mouth , 266-268 

above Fairbanks Creek 264-266 

below Solo Creek 261-264 

Fish Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. . 180 
Flat Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. . 303 
Flume Creek, one-fourth mile above mouth . 137-139 
Flume Creek ditch, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 154 

Fortyfive Pup at claim No. 13 91-93 

Fortymile quadrangle, reconnaissance map 

of In pocket (PI. X) 

Fortymile River at Steel Creek 73-76 

below Steel Creek, view of 62 (PL V) 

North Fork of, at the " kink" 95-96 

above Middle Fork 97 

drainage basin of, description of 94-95 

miscellaneous measurements in. . 105 

stream flow in 94-105 

estimated discharge and horsepower 

for 332 

main stem of, description of 68 

South Fork of, at Franklin 70-73 

Dennison Fork of, at mouth 68-69 

drainage basin of, description of 70 

miscellaneous measxirements in.. 94 

stream flow in 70-94 

Mosquito Fork of, Kechumstuk 76-78 

Fortymile River drainage basin, description 

of 67-68, 105-106 

miscellaneous measurements in 119 

stream flow in 67-119 



INDEX. 



341 



Page. 
Fossil Creek, miscellaneous measiirements of. 217 

Fox Creek at Rclf 's claim 151-153 

noiscellaneous measurements of 306 

Frankitn, South Fork of Fortjonile River at. 70-73 
Frozenfoot Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 251 

Fryingpan Creek below forks 170-171 

G. 

Gaging stations, location of, key map show- 
ing 56 (PI. IV) 

regular, in the region 57-60 

Geography of region 17 

Geology of region 17-18 

Gilmoro Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 306 

Gofli Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. . 322 

at mouth 81-82 

Gold Creek at mouth 81-82 

miscellaneous measurements of 94 

Golddust Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 180 

Goldstream Creek at claim " No. 6 below " - 304-305 
Goldstream drainage basin, description of. 303-304 

miscellaneous measurements of 306 

stream flow in 303-306 

Goose Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 271 
Granite Creek, East Fork of, miscellaneous 

measurements of 154 

miscellaneous measurements of 154, 233 

West Fork of, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 154 

Great Unknown Creek at mouth 171-172 

Greul, Louis, work of 13 

H. 

Hall Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. . 119 

Harris, Martin, work of -. 13 

Harrington Fork, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 181 

Harrison Creek, miscellaneoxis measurements 

of 181 

Helm Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 270 
Hess Creek drainage basin, description of. . 217-218 

miscellaneous measurements of 222 

stream flow in 217-222 

Homestake Creek at mouth 299-301 

Hoosier Creek at claim "No. 11 above" 227-229 

Hope Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. . 302 

Hoyt, J. C, work of 13 

Hunter Creek at claim "No. 1 7 above " 232 

miscellaneous measurements of 233 

Hutchinson Creek below Confederate Creek. 98-100 

below Montana Creek 100-102 

miscellaneous measiorements of 105 

Hutlinana Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 322 

near Cairo Creek 320-322 

Hutlinana Creek drainage basin, description 

of -^ 319-320 

Hydraulic methods in use 332-336 

Hydraulic mining in region 338 

Hydraulicking on Eagle Creek, view show- 
ing 63 (PI. VI) 

Hydrograph showing daily discharge of Cha- 

tanika River 286 (PI. VIII) 



I. Page. 

Independence Creek at claim "No. 9 above'' 195-196 

miscellaneous measurements of 212 

J. 

Joslin, Falcon, work of 13 

Junction Creek above Moose Lake outlet . . 240-243 
Juniper Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 303 

K. 

Kechumstuk Creek at mouth 79-81 

Kechumstuk, Mosquito Fork of Fortymile 

River at 76-78 

King Solomon Creek at Liberty Cabin 106-108 

Kokomo Creek above Alder Creek 301-302 

Koonce, M. E., work of 13 

L. 

Lawson Creek at mouth 173-174 

Liberty Fork at mouth 108-109 

Little Chena River above Sorrels Creek 252-254 

below Fish Creek 255-257 

Little Chena River drainage basin, descrip- 
tion of 251-252 

miscellaneous measuretnents of 270 

stream flow in 251-270 

Little Minook Creek, view of 218 (PI. VII) 

Little Minook Junior Creek, miscellaneous 

measurements of 233 

Little Poker Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 303 

Little Salcha River, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of * 237 

M. 

McConaughy, C. W., work of 13 

McKay Creek, miscellaneous measurements of 303 
McLean Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 181 

McManus Creek at mouth 277-280 

miscellaneous measurements of 302 

Mammoth Creek at Miller House 196-198 

miscellaneous measurements of 212 

Mammoth Creek diversion ditch 198-199 

Mammoth Creek Mining Co., work of em- 
ployees of 13 

Manley, F. G., work of 13 

Marion Creek, miscellaneous measurements of 119 
Mastodon Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 212 

view of 63 (PI. VI) 

Mastodon Fork of Eagle Creek above storage 

dam 169-170 

Midnight Sun ditch, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 324 

Miller Fork ditch, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 180 

Miller Creek at mouth 199-200, 268-269 

miscellaneous measurements of 212, 270 

Miller House, daily precipitation at 34 

Mammoth Creek at 196-198 

Mineral resources of region 18 

Miner's inch, definition of 49 

Minimum discharge, discussion of. 325 

table showing 326 

Minook Creek above Little Minook Creek. . 225-227 
miscellaneous measurements of 233 



342 



IKDEX. 



Page. 
Minook Creek drainage basin, description of . 223-225 

miscellaneous measurements of 233 

stream flow in 223-233 

Mission Creek above Colorado Creek 121 

above Oregon Creek 120 

Mission Creek drainage basin, description of. . 120 

miscellaneous measurements of 131 

stream flow in 120-131 

Mogul Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 154 

Montana Creek at claim "No. 7 above" 102-104 

Monument Creek at Chena. Hot Springs. . . 250-251 
Moose Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

in 119, 271 

Moose Creek ditch, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 119 

Mosquito Fork of South Fork of Fortymile 

River at Kechumstuk 76-78 

miscellaneous measurements of 94 

Murphy Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 303 

N. 

Napoleon Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 94 

Neuner, George, jr., work of 12 

New York Creek at ditch intake 308-310 

miscellaneous measurements of 314 

Nome Creek above Ophir Creek 214-216 

4 miles above Moose Creek 213-214 

miscellaneous measurements of 217 

Northern Commercial Co., work of employees 

of 13 

Nugget Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 154 

Nugget Gulch, miscellaneous measurements 

of 222 

O. 

Ohio Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. . 322 
Olympia Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 251 

Ophir Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 217 
Orphan Boy Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 303 

P. 

Parker, G. L., work of 12 

Parsons, W. H., work of 13 

Patterson Creek drainage basin, description 

of 323 

miscellaneous measurements of 324 

stream flow in 323-324 

Pedro Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 306 
Pioneer Creek at What Cheer Bar ditch in- 
take 315-317 

Poker Creek, daily precipitation at 32-33 

miscellaneous measurements of 94, 303 

Poker Creek ditch, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 303 

Pool Creek at mouth 294 

Porcupine Creek above ditch intake 182-184 

below Bonanza Creek 185-188 

below ditch intake 184-185 

Porcupine ditch at intake 205-206 

Portage Creek 4 miles above Medicine Lake. 204-205 
Preacher Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 181 



Porter, E. A., work of 

Precipitation, daily, at Charity Creek. 

at Chicken Creek. 

at Cleary 

at Crooked Creek 

at Discovery Fork 



Page. 
13 
34 
35 
33 
36 
37 

at Eagle 25-28 

at Fairbanks , 28-31 

at Faith Creek 33 

at Miller House 34 

at Poker Creek 32-33 

at Summit Roadhouse 33 

Precipitation in region 23-24, 337 

Precipitation, monthly, at stations in British 

Columbia and Yukon Territory.. 38 
at stations in Yukon-Tanana region... 37-38 
mean, at stations in Yukon-Tanana region 

and Yukon Territory 39 

Precipitation stations in Yukon-Tanana re- 
gion 24 

in Yukon Territory and British Columbia 24 
Principal rivers of North America, length and 

drainage area of 60 

Ptarmigan Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 180 

Publications, list of 14-16 

method of obtaining 13-14 

Q. 

Q,u.al Creek at claim "No. 7 above" 219-220 

at claim "No. 9 below" 221-222 

miscellaneous measurements of 222 

South Fork of, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 222 

view of 218 (PI. VH) 

Quartz Creek, miscellaneous measurements 

of 105, 212, 324 

R. 

Rainfall, annual, fluctuation of, at Alaska 

stations 40 

Rampart, Yukon River at 66-67 

Rampart quadrangle, reconnaissance map 

of In pocket (PI. XIII) 

Rock Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. . 154 
Ruby Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. 233 

Run-off, definition of 49 

Russian Creek, description of 233 

S. 

Salcha River at mouth 238-240 

Salcha River drainage basin, description of. . 238 

stream flow in 238-243 

Scope of report 336 

Second-foot, definition of 49 

Seventymile River above Flume Creek 132-134 

at the falls 134-137 

miscellaneous measurements of 154 

North Fork of, estimated discharge and 

horsepower for 332 

Seventymile River drainage basin, descrip- 
tion of 131-132 

miscellaneous measurements of 154 

stream flow in 131-154 

Shaw, T. ,T., work of 13 

Sheep Creek, at mouth 176-178 

Slate Creek, miscellaneous measurements of 105,233 
Sluice head, definition of 49 



INDEX. 



343 



Page. 
Smith Creek above Pool Creek 292-293 

miscellaneous measurements of 119. 302 

Solo Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. . 270 

Sonickson Creek above ditch intake 145-147 

Sonickson Creek ditch, miscellaneous meas- 
urements of 154 

Sorrels Creek above Elliott Creek 257-258 

miscellaneous measurements of 270 

Sourdough Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 303 

Squaw Creek, description of 233 

Squaw Gulch at claim "No. 1 above" 116-119 

Starvation Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 271 

Steel Creek, at mouth 111-113 

Fortymile River at 73-76 

Fortymile River below, view of 62 (PI. V) 

Stream flow, field methods of measuring 50-53 

oflice methods of measuring 53-54 

Sullivan Creek above Tofty ditch intake... 323-324 
Summit Roadhouse, daily precipitation at. . . 33 
Switch Creek, miscellaneous measurements of 212 

T. 

Tables, explanation of 54-56 

Tanana River at McCartys 234 

below Chena 234-235 

Tanana River drainage basin, description of 233-234 

miscellaneous measurements of 237 

stream flow in 233-237 

Temperature, monthly, at Eagle 19 

at Fairbanks 1^20 

Temperature of region 19-22, 337 

Terms, definition of 49 

Thanksgiving ditch near outlet 311-313 

California Branch of, near intake 313-314 

miscellaneous measurements of 314 

Thorns, A. V., work of 13 

Tolovana River drainage basin, description of 270 

stream flow in 270-303 

West Fork of, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 271 

Topography of region 336 

Trail Creek, miscellaneous measurements of. . 217 

Transportation, means of 43-44 

Troublesome Creek below Quail Creek 218-219 

miscellaneous measurements of 222 

view of 218 (PI. VII) 

Twelvemile Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 180 

North Fork of, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 180 

U. 

United States pumping plant, American 

Creek at 125 



V. Page. 

Vegetation of region 41-43, 337 

W. 

Wade Creek at claim " No. 10 above " 85-88 

miscellaneous measurements of 94 

Walker Fork above Cherry Creek 83-84 

above Poker Creek 82-83 

above Twelvemile Creek 84r-8o 

miscellaneous measureijients of 94 

Washington Creek above Aggie Creek 272-273 

above dam 147-148 

below Aggie Creek 273-274 

Washington Creek ditch, miscellaneous 

measurements of 154 

Washington Creek drainage basin, descrip- 
tion of 154-15.5,272 

stream flow in 272-275 

Water power, general conditions of 326-328, 338 

Water-power plants, sites suitable for 328-332 

Water supply, conditions of 45-48, 337-338 

during winter 46-48 

effect of topography on 46 

seasonable distribution of 45 

WTiat Cheer Bar ditch, miscellaneous meas- 
urements of 318 

What Cheer Bar ditch near intake 317-318 

Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Fiftymile 

River at 67 

Vv'obber, Herman, work of 13 

Wolf Creek above Swanson's dam 121-122 

miscellaneous measurements of 181, 303 

Wolverine Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 314 

Woodchopper Creek, miscellaneous measure- 
ments of 324 

Woods Creek, miscellaneous measurements of 119 

Y. 

Yukon River at Eagle 62-66 

view of 62 (PI. V) 

at Rampart 66-67 

di ainage areas of 61 

Yukon River drainage basin, description of. . 60-62 

stream flow in 60-67 

Yukon-Tanana region, distribution of timber 

in, map showing 40 (PI. II) 

location of, map showing 16 (PL I) 

monthly precipitation in 37-38 

precipitation stations in 24 

Yukon Territory and British Columbia, mean 
monthly precipitation at stations 

in 39 

precipitation stations in 24 

Z. 
Zug, John, work of 13 



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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SI 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH. D^ER 342 PLATE X 



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Gaging station ; number 
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